CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5405 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-Q99M-QCV4-FPM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-18 06:30 – Updated: 2025-03-14 20:26The SQL Expressions experimental feature of Grafana allows for the evaluation of duckdb queries containing user input. These queries are insufficiently sanitized before being passed to duckdb, leading to a command injection and local file inclusion vulnerability. Any user with the VIEWER or higher permission is capable of executing this attack. The duckdb binary must be present in Grafana's $PATH for this attack to function; by default, this binary is not installed in Grafana distributions.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 11.0.6"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/grafana/grafana"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.0.6+security-01"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 11.1.7"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/grafana/grafana"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.1.7+security-01"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 11.2.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/grafana/grafana"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.2.2+security-01"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9264"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-25T14:13:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-18T04:15:04Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The SQL Expressions experimental feature of Grafana allows for the evaluation of `duckdb` queries containing user input. These queries are insufficiently sanitized before being passed to `duckdb`, leading to a command injection and local file inclusion vulnerability. Any user with the VIEWER or higher permission is capable of executing this attack. The `duckdb` binary must be present in Grafana\u0027s $PATH for this attack to function; by default, this binary is not installed in Grafana distributions.",
"id": "GHSA-q99m-qcv4-fpm7",
"modified": "2025-03-14T20:26:23Z",
"published": "2024-10-18T06:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9264"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/grafana/grafana/pull/81666"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/grafana/grafana"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grafana.com/blog/2024/10/17/grafana-security-release-critical-severity-fix-for-cve-2024-9264"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grafana.com/security/security-advisories/cve-2024-9264"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0007"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Grafana Command Injection And Local File Inclusion Via Sql Expressions"
}
GHSA-Q9C5-4G2G-C25M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-11 12:30 – Updated: 2025-12-11 12:30A command injection vulnerability was discovered in TeamViewer DEX (former 1E DEX), specifically within the 1E-Nomad-PauseNomadJobQueue instruction prior V25. Improper input validation, allowing authenticated attackers with Actioner privileges to inject arbitrary commands. Exploitation enables remote execution of elevated commands on devices connected to the platform.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64992"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-11T12:16:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability was discovered in TeamViewer DEX (former 1E DEX), specifically within the 1E-Nomad-PauseNomadJobQueue instruction prior V25. Improper input validation, allowing authenticated attackers with Actioner privileges to inject arbitrary commands. Exploitation enables remote execution of elevated commands on devices connected to the platform.",
"id": "GHSA-q9c5-4g2g-c25m",
"modified": "2025-12-11T12:30:28Z",
"published": "2025-12-11T12:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.teamviewer.com/en/resources/trust-center/security-bulletins/tv-2025-1006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q9CC-2Q3J-JFM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-06 15:30 – Updated: 2025-01-06 15:30D-Link DIR-845L router v1.01KRb03 and before is vulnerable to Command injection via the hnap_main()func.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33112"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-06T15:15:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-845L router v1.01KRb03 and before is vulnerable to Command injection via the hnap_main()func.",
"id": "GHSA-q9cc-2q3j-jfm7",
"modified": "2025-01-06T15:30:58Z",
"published": "2024-05-06T15:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33112"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yj94/Yj_learning/blob/b597925953d8bbb286a63f0019bb547c1617cb61/Week16/D-LINK-POC.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yj94/Yj_learning/blob/main/Week16/D-LINK-POC.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q9CW-P99M-H9CM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-10 12:30 – Updated: 2023-01-14 03:30A vulnerability has been identified in SINEC INS (All versions < V1.0 SP2 Update 1). An authenticated remote attacker with access to the Web Based Management (443/tcp) of the affected product, could potentially inject commands into the dhcpd configuration of the affected product. An attacker might leverage this to trigger remote code execution on the affected component.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-45094"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-10T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SINEC INS (All versions \u003c V1.0 SP2 Update 1). An authenticated remote attacker with access to the Web Based Management (443/tcp) of the affected product, could potentially inject commands into the dhcpd configuration of the affected product. An attacker might leverage this to trigger remote code execution on the affected component.",
"id": "GHSA-q9cw-p99m-h9cm",
"modified": "2023-01-14T03:30:22Z",
"published": "2023-01-10T12:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-332410.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q9RQ-FH6C-82MW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-17 21:30 – Updated: 2025-12-18 21:31Anaconda3 macOS installers before 2024.06-1 contain a local privilege escalation vulnerability when installed outside the user's home directory. During installation, world-writable files are created and executed with root privileges. This allows a local low-privileged user to inject arbitrary commands, leading to code execution as the root user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46060"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-17T19:16:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Anaconda3 macOS installers before 2024.06-1 contain a local privilege escalation vulnerability when installed outside the user\u0027s home directory. During installation, world-writable files are created and executed with root privileges. This allows a local low-privileged user to inject arbitrary commands, leading to code execution as the root user.",
"id": "GHSA-q9rq-fh6c-82mw",
"modified": "2025-12-18T21:31:35Z",
"published": "2025-12-17T21:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46060"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://m8sec.dev/blog/privilege-escalation-macos-pkg-installers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.anaconda.com/docs/getting-started/anaconda/release/2024.x#anaconda-2024-06-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q9X8-2M25-33W4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an unauthenticated attacker. This affects CBR750 before 4.6.3.6, RBK852 before 3.2.17.12, RBR850 before 3.2.17.12, and RBS850 before 3.2.17.12.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45627"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an unauthenticated attacker. This affects CBR750 before 4.6.3.6, RBK852 before 3.2.17.12, RBR850 before 3.2.17.12, and RBS850 before 3.2.17.12.",
"id": "GHSA-q9x8-2m25-33w4",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:01:15Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:00:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45627"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064124/Security-Advisory-for-Pre-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0471"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-QC3J-W6XM-RCVH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-12 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-12 06:30A flaw has been found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This affects the function setAppCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument enable can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6115"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-12T05:16:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This affects the function setAppCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument enable can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-qc3j-w6xm-rcvh",
"modified": "2026-04-12T06:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-04-12T06:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new/blob/main/A7100RU/vul_180/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/792248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356975"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356975/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QC65-CGVR-93P6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-03-19 21:19 – Updated: 2022-07-05 18:01This affects all versions of package kill-process-by-name. If (attacker-controlled) user input is given, it is possible for an attacker to execute arbitrary commands. This is due to use of the child_process exec function without input sanitization in the index.js file.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "kill-process-by-name"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.0.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23356"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-16T22:24:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-15T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "This affects all versions of package kill-process-by-name. If (attacker-controlled) user input is given, it is possible for an attacker to execute arbitrary commands. This is due to use of the child_process exec function without input sanitization in the index.js file.",
"id": "GHSA-qc65-cgvr-93p6",
"modified": "2022-07-05T18:01:04Z",
"published": "2021-03-19T21:19:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-KILLPROCESSBYNAME-1078534"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Code injection in kill-process-by-name"
}
GHSA-QC6J-JVJ6-WFR6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-05 21:30 – Updated: 2026-01-06 21:30An issue in Passy v.1.6.3 allows a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted HTTP request using a specific payload injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-67397"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-05T19:15:56Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue in Passy v.1.6.3 allows a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted HTTP request using a specific payload injection.",
"id": "GHSA-qc6j-jvj6-wfr6",
"modified": "2026-01-06T21:30:29Z",
"published": "2026-01-05T21:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67397"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/giulioschiavone/Vulnerability-Research/tree/main/CVE-2025-67397"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.passy.it"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QC74-2R45-G2FP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-17 15:31In JetBrains Junie before 252.549.29 command execution was possible via malicious project file
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41153"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-17T15:16:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In JetBrains Junie before 252.549.29 command execution was possible via malicious project file",
"id": "GHSA-qc74-2r45-g2fp",
"modified": "2026-04-17T15:31:18Z",
"published": "2026-04-17T15:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41153"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.