CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5416 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FC44-MM95-MF77
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:47 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:47IBM Resilient SOAR V38.0 could allow a privileged user to create create malicious scripts that could be executed as another user. IBM X-Force ID: 198759.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20527"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-19T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Resilient SOAR V38.0 could allow a privileged user to create create malicious scripts that could be executed as another user. IBM X-Force ID: 198759.",
"id": "GHSA-fc44-mm95-mf77",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:47:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:47:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20527"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/198759"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6444747"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FC4R-FXRX-HCF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-20 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-21 19:01In versions 16.1.x before 16.1.3.1, 15.1.x before 15.1.6.1, 14.1.x before 14.1.5.1, and 13.1.x before 13.1.5.1, When the Advanced WAF / ASM module is provisioned, an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability exists in the BIG-IP iControl REST interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41617"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-19T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In versions 16.1.x before 16.1.3.1, 15.1.x before 15.1.6.1, 14.1.x before 14.1.5.1, and 13.1.x before 13.1.5.1, When the Advanced WAF / ASM module is provisioned, an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability exists in the BIG-IP iControl REST interface.",
"id": "GHSA-fc4r-fxrx-hcf5",
"modified": "2022-10-21T19:01:15Z",
"published": "2022-10-20T12:00:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41617"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K11830089"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FC57-F2R9-G74M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-07 15:33 – Updated: 2025-08-07 21:31A vulnerability in the Mitel 6800 Series, 6900 Series, and 6900w Series SIP Phones, including the 6970 Conference Unit through 6.4 SP4, could allow an unauthenticated attacker to conduct a command injection attack due to insufficient parameter sanitization. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands within the context of the phone, leading to disclosure or modification of sensitive configuration data or affecting device availability and operation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47188"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-07T15:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Mitel 6800 Series, 6900 Series, and 6900w Series SIP Phones, including the 6970 Conference Unit through 6.4 SP4, could allow an unauthenticated attacker to conduct a command injection attack due to insufficient parameter sanitization. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands within the context of the phone, leading to disclosure or modification of sensitive configuration data or affecting device availability and operation.",
"id": "GHSA-fc57-f2r9-g74m",
"modified": "2025-08-07T21:31:06Z",
"published": "2025-08-07T15:33:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47188"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories/mitel-product-security-advisory-misa-2025-0004"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FCC8-4Q7H-WVWC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-09 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-10 20:27A vulnerability was determined in FoundationAgents MetaGPT up to 0.8.1. The affected element is the function Bash.run in the library metagpt/tools/libs/terminal.py. This manipulation causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The project was informed of the problem early through a pull request but has not reacted yet.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "metagpt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5974"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-10T20:27:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-09T20:16:29Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in FoundationAgents MetaGPT up to 0.8.1. The affected element is the function Bash.run in the library metagpt/tools/libs/terminal.py. This manipulation causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The project was informed of the problem early through a pull request but has not reacted yet.",
"id": "GHSA-fcc8-4q7h-wvwc",
"modified": "2026-04-10T20:27:33Z",
"published": "2026-04-09T21:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FoundationAgents/MetaGPT/issues/1931"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FoundationAgents/MetaGPT/pull/1940"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FoundationAgents/MetaGPT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/791758"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356528/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "FoundationAgents MetaGPT vulnerable to OS Command Injection in metagpt/tools/libs/terminal.py"
}
GHSA-FCFP-F539-HFQ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-02 15:31 – Updated: 2025-10-02 21:31Operating system command injection vulnerability in AndSoft's e-TMS v25.03. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute operating system commands on the server by sending a POST request. The relationship between parameter and assigned identifier is a 'm' parameter in '/clt/LOGINFRM_original.ASP'.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59739"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-02T14:15:46Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Operating system command injection vulnerability in AndSoft\u0027s e-TMS v25.03. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute operating system commands on the server by sending a POST request. The relationship between parameter and assigned identifier is a \u0027m\u0027 parameter in \u0027/clt/LOGINFRM_original.ASP\u0027.",
"id": "GHSA-fcfp-f539-hfq5",
"modified": "2025-10-02T21:31:17Z",
"published": "2025-10-02T15:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59739"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/update-24092025-multiple-vulnerabilities-andsofts-e-tms"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FCFW-G3G2-2588
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-19 00:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:33A deserialization vulnerability in the License Servlet of Fortra's GoAnywhere MFT allows an actor with a validly forged license response signature to deserialize an arbitrary actor-controlled object, possibly leading to command injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10035"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-18T22:15:41Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A deserialization vulnerability in the License Servlet of Fortra\u0027s GoAnywhere MFT allows an actor with a validly forged license response signature to deserialize an arbitrary actor-controlled object, possibly leading to command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-fcfw-g3g2-2588",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:33:20Z",
"published": "2025-09-19T00:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10035"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-10035"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.fortra.com/security/advisories/product-security/fi-2025-012"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FCHC-R69W-44GQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:39 – Updated: 2023-09-29 15:30Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an authenticated attacker to perform command injection attacks against an affected device, which could allow the attacker to take certain actions with root privileges on the device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1261"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-20T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an authenticated attacker to perform command injection attacks against an affected device, which could allow the attacker to take certain actions with root privileges on the device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory. ",
"id": "GHSA-fchc-r69w-44gq",
"modified": "2023-09-29T15:30:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:39:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1261"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sdwan-cmdinjm-9QMSmgcn"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FCR4-H6C4-RVVP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-13 09:30 – Updated: 2025-06-13 21:19An attacker with access to a minion key can exploit the 'on demand' pillar functionality with a specially crafted git url which could cause and arbitrary command to be run on the master with the same privileges as the master process.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3006.0rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "3006.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3007.0rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "3007.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-22237"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-13T21:19:46Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-13T07:15:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An attacker with access to a minion key can exploit the \u0027on demand\u0027 pillar functionality with a specially crafted git url which could cause and arbitrary command to be run on the master with the same privileges as the master process.",
"id": "GHSA-fcr4-h6c4-rvvp",
"modified": "2025-06-13T21:19:46Z",
"published": "2025-06-13T09:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/commit/9445f496fed61b15dc4364818007e5b765b0746f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltproject.io/en/3006/topics/releases/3006.12.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltproject.io/en/3007/topics/releases/3007.4.html"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Salt\u0027s on demand pillar functionality vulnerable to arbitrary command injections "
}
GHSA-FCX8-38MG-GR6R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-12 09:30 – Updated: 2025-01-24 09:30An unauthenticated remote attacker can perform a command injection in the OCPP Service with limited privileges due to improper input validation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25998"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-12T09:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An unauthenticated remote attacker can perform a command injection\u00a0in the OCPP\u00a0Service with limited privileges due to improper input validation.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-fcx8-38mg-gr6r",
"modified": "2025-01-24T09:30:44Z",
"published": "2024-03-12T09:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.vde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2024-011"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FF3C-4MV4-5786
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-29 00:31 – Updated: 2025-08-29 15:30An Improper Input Validation in UISP Application could allow a Command Injection by a malicious actor with High Privileges and local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48979"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-29T00:15:32Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "An Improper Input Validation in UISP Application could allow a Command Injection by a malicious actor with High Privileges and local access.",
"id": "GHSA-ff3c-4mv4-5786",
"modified": "2025-08-29T15:30:37Z",
"published": "2025-08-29T00:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.ui.com/releases/Security-Advisory-Bulletin-053/b0c4aa38-90aa-412d-b5b9-6395e057d822"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.