CWE-693
DiscouragedProtection Mechanism Failure
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Draft
The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
1262 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7987-H795-2X6F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-13 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-13 18:31Protection mechanism failure in Windows Remote Assistance allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20824"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-13T18:16:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Protection mechanism failure in Windows Remote Assistance allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.",
"id": "GHSA-7987-h795-2x6f",
"modified": "2026-01-13T18:31:08Z",
"published": "2026-01-13T18:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20824"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-20824"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-79C7-FCVQ-HWM8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-12 15:30 – Updated: 2026-05-07 18:30A vulnerability exists which could allow an unauthorized user to learn aspects of the communication protocol used to pair system components while the pump is being paired with other system components. Exploitation requires nearby wireless signal proximity with the patient and the device; advanced technical knowledge is required for exploitation. Please refer to the Medtronic Product Security Bulletin for guidance
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32537"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-12T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability exists which could allow an unauthorized user to learn aspects of the communication protocol used to pair system components while the pump is being paired with other system components. Exploitation requires nearby wireless signal proximity with the patient and the device; advanced technical knowledge is required for exploitation. Please refer to the Medtronic Product Security Bulletin for guidance",
"id": "GHSA-79c7-fcvq-hwm8",
"modified": "2026-05-07T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2022-12-12T15:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32537"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://global.medtronic.com/xg-en/product-security/security-bulletins/minimed-600-series-communication-issue.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-medical-advisories/icsma-22-263-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsma-22-263-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.medtronic.com/en-us/e/product-security/security-bulletins/minimed-600-series-communication-issue.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-79GJ-P962-6W77
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 21:31 – Updated: 2026-05-07 01:05Inappropriate implementation in ServiceWorker in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.96 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to bypass site isolation via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7909"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T19:16:39Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in ServiceWorker in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.96 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to bypass site isolation via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
"id": "GHSA-79gj-p962-6w77",
"modified": "2026-05-07T01:05:50Z",
"published": "2026-05-06T21:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/05/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/497437113"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7CR3-H577-G38J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-06 20:15 – Updated: 2026-07-06 20:15The --preserve-root check uses a path-string test (path.has_root() && path.parent().is_none()) rather than comparing device/inode. A symlink to / (e.g. /tmp/rootlink -> /) has a parent component, so it passes the check. GNU caches /'s dev/inode at startup and compares every traversed directory against it.
Impact: rm -rf --preserve-root on a path that resolves through a symlink to / bypasses protection and can delete system directories. Recommendation: compare each entered directory's dev/inode against cached /.
Remediation: Acknowledged by Canonical; fixed in commit 5e5968cd.
Reported by Zellic in the uutils coreutils Program Security Assessment (prepared for Canonical, Jan 20 2026), audited commit 3a07ffc5a9bd4c283e75afa548ba1f1957bad242. Finding 3.44. Credit: Zellic.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "uu_rm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35349"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-59",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-06T20:15:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The `--preserve-root` check uses a path-string test (`path.has_root() \u0026\u0026 path.parent().is_none()`) rather than comparing device/inode. A symlink to `/` (e.g. `/tmp/rootlink -\u003e /`) has a parent component, so it passes the check. GNU caches `/`\u0027s dev/inode at startup and compares every traversed directory against it.\n\n**Impact:** `rm -rf --preserve-root` on a path that resolves through a symlink to `/` bypasses protection and can delete system directories. Recommendation: compare each entered directory\u0027s dev/inode against cached `/`.\n\n**Remediation:** Acknowledged by Canonical; fixed in commit 5e5968cd.\n\n---\n_Reported by Zellic in the *uutils coreutils Program Security Assessment* (prepared for Canonical, Jan 20 2026), audited commit `3a07ffc5a9bd4c283e75afa548ba1f1957bad242`. Finding 3.44. Credit: Zellic._",
"id": "GHSA-7cr3-h577-g38j",
"modified": "2026-07-06T20:15:27Z",
"published": "2026-07-06T20:15:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/security/advisories/GHSA-7cr3-h577-g38j"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35349"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/pull/9706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/commit/5e5968cdbc6618acd6c2402a8a98b503f278835e"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/releases/tag/0.7.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "rm: --preserve-root bypassed via a symlink to / (string check instead of dev/inode)"
}
GHSA-7FH7-6653-RP96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-11 18:30Protection mechanism failure in the UEFI firmware for the Slim Bootloader within firmware may allow an escalation of privilege. Startup code and smm adversary with a privileged user combined with a high complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-35968"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-11T17:15:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Protection mechanism failure in the UEFI firmware for the Slim Bootloader within firmware may allow an escalation of privilege. Startup code and smm adversary with a privileged user combined with a high complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.",
"id": "GHSA-7fh7-6653-rp96",
"modified": "2025-11-11T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2025-11-11T18:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-35968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01395.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7FVJ-G3WP-29G8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-19 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-25 20:34Jenkins Compuware Topaz for Total Test Plugin 2.4.8 and earlier implements an agent/controller message that does not limit where it can be executed, allowing attackers able to control agent processes to read arbitrary files on the Jenkins controller file system.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.compuware.jenkins:compuware-topaz-for-total-test"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.4.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-43429"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-19T22:01:59Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-19T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jenkins Compuware Topaz for Total Test Plugin 2.4.8 and earlier implements an agent/controller message that does not limit where it can be executed, allowing attackers able to control agent processes to read arbitrary files on the Jenkins controller file system.",
"id": "GHSA-7fvj-g3wp-29g8",
"modified": "2022-10-25T20:34:31Z",
"published": "2022-10-19T19:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43429"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-10-19/#SECURITY-2624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/10/19/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Compuware Topaz for Total Test Plugin vulnerable to Protection Mechanism Failure"
}
GHSA-7FXW-R6JV-74C8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-21 21:28 – Updated: 2026-05-21 21:28Description
The fix for CVE-2024-45411 / GHSA-6j75-5wfj-gh66 added an explicit $loaded->unwrap()->checkSecurity() call in CoreExtension::include() so that a template already cached in Environment::$loadedTemplates is re-checked when included with sandboxed = true.
The deprecated but still functional {% sandbox %}{% include ... %}{% endsandbox %} tag path was not updated: it compiles to enableSandbox(); yield from $this->load(...)->unwrap()->yield(...); disableSandbox(); with no checkSecurity() re-invocation. If the included template was loaded once outside the sandbox in the same Environment instance, its constructor (and therefore its compiled checkSecurity() call) already ran while isSandboxed() was false, so the tags/filters/functions allowlist enforced by SecurityPolicy::checkSecurity() is never applied.
An attacker who can author the included template gains access to every filter, function and tag registered in the environment, regardless of the sandbox policy.
Resolution
The compiled output of {% sandbox %}{% include %} now calls checkSecurity() on the loaded template, matching the behaviour of CoreExtension::include() with sandboxed = true.
Credits
Twig would like to thank Claude Mythos Preview (via Project Glasswing) for reporting the issue and providing the fix.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "twig/twig"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.26.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46638"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-21T21:28:28Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Description\n\nThe fix for CVE-2024-45411 / GHSA-6j75-5wfj-gh66 added an explicit `$loaded-\u003eunwrap()-\u003echeckSecurity()` call in `CoreExtension::include()` so that a template already cached in `Environment::$loadedTemplates` is re-checked when included with `sandboxed = true`.\n\nThe deprecated but still functional `{% sandbox %}{% include ... %}{% endsandbox %}` tag path was not updated: it compiles to `enableSandbox(); yield from $this-\u003eload(...)-\u003eunwrap()-\u003eyield(...); disableSandbox();` with no `checkSecurity()` re-invocation. If the included template was loaded once outside the sandbox in the same `Environment` instance, its constructor (and therefore its compiled `checkSecurity()` call) already ran while `isSandboxed()` was `false`, so the tags/filters/functions allowlist enforced by `SecurityPolicy::checkSecurity()` is never applied.\n\nAn attacker who can author the included template gains access to every filter, function and tag registered in the environment, regardless of the sandbox policy.\n\n### Resolution\n\nThe compiled output of `{% sandbox %}{% include %}` now calls `checkSecurity()` on the loaded template, matching the behaviour of `CoreExtension::include()` with `sandboxed = true`.\n\n### Credits\n\nTwig would like to thank Claude Mythos Preview (via Project Glasswing) for reporting the issue and providing the fix.",
"id": "GHSA-7fxw-r6jv-74c8",
"modified": "2026-05-21T21:28:28Z",
"published": "2026-05-21T21:28:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/twigphp/Twig/security/advisories/GHSA-7fxw-r6jv-74c8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/twig/twig/CVE-2026-46638.yaml"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6j75-5wfj-gh66"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/twigphp/Twig"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://symfony.com/cve-2026-46638"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Twig: `{% sandbox %}{% include %}` skips checkSecurity() on cached templates (incomplete fix for CVE-2024-45411)"
}
GHSA-7GF4-6396-R332
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-25 18:31NVIDIA DGX Spark contains a vulnerability in UEFI where a Attacker may cause a/an CWE-693 by privileged local user. A successful exploit of this vulnerability may allow an attacker to bypass administrator password protection in UEFi.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47624"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T17:17:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "NVIDIA DGX Spark contains a vulnerability in UEFI where a Attacker may cause a/an CWE-693 by privileged local user. A successful exploit of this vulnerability may allow an attacker to bypass administrator password protection in UEFi.",
"id": "GHSA-7gf4-6396-r332",
"modified": "2026-08-25T18:31:56Z",
"published": "2026-08-25T18:31:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NVIDIA/product-security/tree/main/2026/5867"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-47624"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7J36-8HPQ-MWR9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-14 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-15 12:00In various functions of ap_input_processor.c, there is a possible way to record audio during a phone call due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local information disclosure with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-236042696References: N/A
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20464"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-14T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In various functions of ap_input_processor.c, there is a possible way to record audio during a phone call due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local information disclosure with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-236042696References: N/A",
"id": "GHSA-7j36-8hpq-mwr9",
"modified": "2022-10-15T12:00:53Z",
"published": "2022-10-14T19:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20464"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2022-10-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7J4M-G687-74QH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-06 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-09 21:30The memory management module has a logic bypass vulnerability.Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect data confidentiality.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-46762"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-06T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The memory management module has a logic bypass vulnerability.Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect data confidentiality.",
"id": "GHSA-7j4m-g687-74qh",
"modified": "2025-04-09T21:30:35Z",
"published": "2023-01-06T21:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46762"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2023/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://device.harmonyos.com/en/docs/security/update/security-bulletins-202301-0000001435541166"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing
Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language
The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization
An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-74: Manipulating State
The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.
State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.
If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.