CWE-665

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-36006"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-20T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Photoshop versions 21.2.9 (and earlier) and 22.4.2 (and earlier) are affected by an Improper input validation vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to disclose arbitrary memory information in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
  "id": "GHSA-cx9h-v29m-9v3m",
  "modified": "2022-10-27T19:00:40Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:11:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36006"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/photoshop/apsb21-63.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-0926"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-03-14T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Windows kernel in Microsoft Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1 and RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012 and R2, Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, and 1709, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server, version 1709 allows an information disclosure vulnerability due to the way memory addresses are handled, aka \"Windows Kernel Information Disclosure Vulnerability\". This CVE is unique from CVE-2018-0811, CVE-2018-0813, CVE-2018-0814, CVE-2018-0894, CVE-2018-0895, CVE-2018-0896, CVE-2018-0897, CVE-2018-0898, CVE-2018-0899, CVE-2018-0900, and CVE-2018-0901.",
  "id": "GHSA-cxx4-w85r-9fxh",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:18:37Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:18:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0926"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-0926"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103247"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040517"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-0012"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-02-14T22:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 does not properly handle the creation and initialization of string objects, which allows remote attackers to read data from arbitrary process-memory locations via a crafted web site, aka \"Null Byte Information Disclosure Vulnerability.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-f263-5jv5-v234",
  "modified": "2022-05-04T00:27:41Z",
  "published": "2022-05-04T00:27:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0012"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2012/ms12-010"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A14870"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA12-045A.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-0767"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-09T02:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An information disclosure vulnerability exists when the Windows kernel improperly initializes objects in memory.To exploit this vulnerability, an authenticated attacker could run a specially crafted application, aka \u0027Windows Kernel Information Disclosure Vulnerability\u0027. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-0702, CVE-2019-0755, CVE-2019-0775, CVE-2019-0782.",
  "id": "GHSA-f26g-rgwg-4vxw",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:21:33Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:21:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0767"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2019-0767"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-26886"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-03-18T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Softaculous before 5.5.7 is affected by a code execution vulnerability because of External Initialization of Trusted Variables or Data Stores. This leads to privilege escalation on the local host.",
  "id": "GHSA-f28h-rxhw-4349",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:44:47Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:44:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26886"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vulnerable.af"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vulnerable.af/posts/cve-2020-26886"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.softaculous.com/board/index.php?tid=17086\u0026title=Softaculous_5.5.7_Launched"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-6947"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-02-28T22:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An uninitialised stack variable in the nxfuse component that is part of the Open Source DokanFS library shipped with NoMachine 6.0.66_2 and earlier allows a local low privileged user to gain elevation of privileges on Windows 7 (32 and 64bit), and denial of service for Windows 8 and 10.",
  "id": "GHSA-f2ff-vvqc-39wr",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:53:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:53:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6947"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44167"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44168"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.fidusinfosec.com/nomachine-road-code-execution-without-fuzzing-cve-2018-6947"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.nomachine.com/SU02P00194"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.nomachine.com/SU02P00195"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.nomachine.com/TR02P08408"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-15897"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-12-11T21:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Node.js had a bug in versions 8.X and 9.X which caused buffers to not be initialized when the encoding for the fill value did not match the encoding specified. For example, \u0027Buffer.alloc(0x100, \"This is not correctly encoded\", \"hex\");\u0027 The buffer implementation was updated such that the buffer will be initialized to all zeros in these cases.",
  "id": "GHSA-f2j2-5fh3-4jrr",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:49:47Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T04:01:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-15897"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/december-2017-security-releases"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-0895"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-03-14T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Windows kernel in Microsoft Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1 and RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012 and R2, Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, and 1709, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server, version 1709 allows an information disclosure vulnerability due to the way memory addresses are handled, aka \"Windows Kernel Information Disclosure Vulnerability\". This CVE is unique from CVE-2018-0811, CVE-2018-0813, CVE-2018-0814, CVE-2018-0894, CVE-2018-0896, CVE-2018-0897, CVE-2018-0898, CVE-2018-0899, CVE-2018-0900, CVE-2018-0901 and CVE-2018-0926.",
  "id": "GHSA-f3qm-7j3m-ggr7",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:18:36Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:18:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0895"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-0895"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44309"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103238"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040517"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-20594"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665",
      "CWE-824"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-20T18:15:12Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper initialization of variables in the DXE driver may allow a privileged user to leak sensitive information via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-f4mr-h274-9w8h",
  "modified": "2025-06-28T00:31:10Z",
  "published": "2023-09-20T18:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20594"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/corporate/product-security/bulletin/AMD-SB-4007"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Meridian.Mapping"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Meridian.Mediator"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1325",
      "CWE-209",
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-532",
      "CWE-665",
      "CWE-674",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T22:50:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nMeridian v2.1.0 (`Meridian.Mapping` and `Meridian.Mediator`) shipped with nine defense-in-depth gaps reachable through its public APIs. Two are HIGH severity \u2014 the advertised `DefaultMaxCollectionItems` and `DefaultMaxDepth` safety caps are silently bypassed on the `IMapper.Map(source, destination)` overload and anywhere `.UseDestinationValue()` is configured on a collection-typed property. Four are MEDIUM (constructor invariant bypass, OpenTelemetry stack-trace info disclosure, retry amplification, notification fan-out amplification). Three are LOW (exception message disclosure, dictionary duplicate-key echo, static mediator cache growth under closed-generic types).\n\nAll nine are patched in **v2.1.1**. Upgrade is a drop-in NuGet bump; see the v2.1.1 CHANGELOG for the four behavioural changes (constructor selection, OTel default, publisher fan-out cap, retry caps).\n\n## Severity Matrix\n\n| # | Severity | CWE | Finding | Fix |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| 1 | **HIGH** | CWE-770 | `MappingEngine.TryMapCollectionOntoExisting` enumerated the source without enforcing `DefaultMaxCollectionItems`. Reachable via `Mapper.Map\u003cTSrc,TDst\u003e(src, dst)` and any `.ForMember(..., o =\u003e o.UseDestinationValue())` on a collection member through a plain `Map(src)` call. | Shared cap enforcement helper between `MapCollection` and `TryMapCollectionOntoExisting`. |\n| 2 | **HIGH** | CWE-674 | Collection-item recursion in the existing-destination path did not increment `ResolutionContext.Depth`, so self-referential collection graphs could reach stack overflow before `DefaultMaxDepth` fired. | Depth increments at every collection-item boundary. |\n| 3 | MEDIUM | CWE-665 | `ObjectCreator.CreateWithConstructorMapping` always invoked the widest public constructor, silently filling unresolved parameters with `default(T)` and bypassing narrower-ctor invariants. | Widest-ctor selection now requires every parameter to be bound via explicit ctor mapping, source-name match, or a C# optional default. |\n| 4 | MEDIUM | CWE-532 | `Mediator.MarkActivityFailure` emitted the full `ex.ToString()` (stack + inner chain) to the OpenTelemetry `exception.stacktrace` activity tag by default, leaking context to any shared trace sink. | Gated on `MediatorTelemetryOptions.RecordExceptionStackTrace` \u2014 opt-in, default `false`. |\n| 5 | MEDIUM | CWE-400 | `RetryBehavior` retried every exception type with unbounded `MaxRetries`; the exponential-backoff delay overflowed `TimeSpan` at ~30 attempts. No cancellation exclusion. | Server-side `MaxRetriesCap = 10`, `MaxBackoff = 5 min`, `OperationCanceledException` short-circuit, recommended `RetryPolicy.TransientOnly` helper. |\n| 6 | MEDIUM | CWE-400 | `TaskWhenAllPublisher` started every registered handler concurrently with no bound on fan-out. | New constructor parameter `maxDegreeOfParallelism` (default 16; `-1` restores legacy unbounded). |\n| 7 | LOW | CWE-209 | Public mapping exceptions leaked `FullName` of source/destination types and concatenated inner exception messages into top-level property-mapping errors. | Scrubbed to type `Name`; inner details only via `InnerException` chain. |\n| 8 | LOW | CWE-209 | Dictionary materialization threw `ArgumentException` on duplicate keys, echoing the attacker-supplied key\u0027s `.ToString()`. | Last-write-wins indexer semantics. |\n| 9 | LOW | CWE-1325 | Static mediator handler caches grow monotonically under closed-generic request types. **Doc-only mitigation**; no code change \u2014 consumers must not allow attacker-controlled runtime type materialization to reach `Send`, `Publish`, or `CreateStream`. | Documented in `docs/security-model.md`. |\n\n## Exploitation\n\n**Finding 1 / 2 (headline):** A consumer that maps user-supplied collection payloads onto an existing destination list via `mapper.Map(userCollection, existingList)` \u2014 a documented and commonly used AutoMapper-style idiom \u2014 processes the full attacker-supplied collection with no size cap and no depth cap. An attacker sending a single request with a large (or self-referential) collection payload can block the worker thread for seconds and exhaust the managed heap or the call stack. Equivalent exposure through `.UseDestinationValue()` on a collection-typed destination member, reachable via a plain `Map(src)` call whose destination type default-initializes that member.\n\n**Finding 3:** A destination type with multiple public constructors that differ only in their parameter-binding invariants (e.g., `new UserAccount(string name, Email email)` enforcing a non-default `Email`) could be instantiated with the narrower ctor\u0027s invariants silently bypassed if any source field was absent \u2014 the widest ctor was always picked, with unbound parameters replaced by `default(T)`.\n\n**Findings 4 / 5 / 6:** Amplification / information-disclosure vectors described in the matrix above. Each requires moderate integration context (telemetry sink trust, handler count, retry policy) to weaponize, but each is reachable through public APIs without authentication.\n\n## Patches\n\n- `Meridian.Mapping` **2.1.1** (published 2026-04-16)\n- `Meridian.Mediator` **2.1.1** (published 2026-04-16)\n\nVerified via:\n- GitHub Release assets at \u003chttps://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/releases/tag/v2.1.1\u003e\n- Sigstore attestation (`actions/attest-build-provenance@v2` \u2192 `gh attestation verify` green on both `.nupkg` from the GitHub Release)\n- NuGet.org indexed both packages within the release workflow run\n\n## Workarounds\n\nUsers who cannot upgrade immediately may:\n1. Avoid `mapper.Map(src, dst)` and `.UseDestinationValue()` on collection-typed destination members.\n2. Wrap input collection deserialization with an explicit size limit before handing the payload to Meridian.\n3. Register `TaskWhenAllPublisher` with `maxDegreeOfParallelism` \u2264 16 manually (v2.1.1+ only).\n4. Disable OpenTelemetry `exception.stacktrace` tag emission at the trace exporter level if your trace sink is less trusted than your application.\n\nThese are defense-in-depth; the only complete mitigation is upgrading to 2.1.1.\n\n## Supported Versions\n\nAs of this advisory the supported security branch is **2.1.x**. The 2.0.x line (published 2026-04-15) is not receiving the Phase 1 safety-defaults infrastructure needed to carry the HIGH-severity fixes, so 2.0.x is deprecated in favor of 2.1.x. See `SECURITY.md` for the updated supported-versions table.\n\n## Credits\n\n- UmutKorkmaz (reporter and maintainer)\n\n## References\n\n- v2.1.1 CHANGELOG section: \u003chttps://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#211---2026-04-16\u003e\n- `docs/security-model.md` threat model: \u003chttps://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/blob/main/docs/security-model.md\u003e\n- `SECURITY.md` disclosure policy: \u003chttps://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/blob/main/SECURITY.md\u003e\n- AutoMapper CVE-2026-32933 (motivating precedent for Meridian\u0027s safety-defaults)",
  "id": "GHSA-f5v8-v6q3-q4h6",
  "modified": "2026-04-16T22:50:37Z",
  "published": "2026-04-16T22:50:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/security/advisories/GHSA-f5v8-v6q3-q4h6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#211---2026-04-16"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/releases/tag/v2.1.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Meridian: Multiple defense-in-depth gaps (collection/depth caps, telemetry, retry, fan-out)"
}