CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2566 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7XF8-X4WH-25C5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:02 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:02Characters from languages are such as Arabic, Hebrew are displayed from RTL (Right To Left) order in Opera 37.0.2192.105088 for Android, due to mishandling of several unicode characters such as U+FE70, U+0622, U+0623 etc and how they are rendered combined with (first strong character) such as an IP address or alphabet could lead to a spoofed URL. It was noticed that by placing neutral characters such as "/", "?" in filepath causes the URL to be flipped and displayed from Right To Left. However, in order for the URL to be spoofed the URL must begin with an IP address followed by neutral characters as omnibox considers IP address to be combination of punctuation and numbers and since LTR (Left To Right) direction is not properly enforced, this causes the entire URL to be treated and rendered from RTL (Right To Left). However, it doesn't have be an IP address, what matters is that first strong character (generally, alphabetic character) in the URL must be an RTL character.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6908"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-26T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Characters from languages are such as Arabic, Hebrew are displayed from RTL (Right To Left) order in Opera 37.0.2192.105088 for Android, due to mishandling of several unicode characters such as U+FE70, U+0622, U+0623 etc and how they are rendered combined with (first strong character) such as an IP address or alphabet could lead to a spoofed URL. It was noticed that by placing neutral characters such as \"/\", \"?\" in filepath causes the URL to be flipped and displayed from Right To Left. However, in order for the URL to be spoofed the URL must begin with an IP address followed by neutral characters as omnibox considers IP address to be combination of punctuation and numbers and since LTR (Left To Right) direction is not properly enforced, this causes the entire URL to be treated and rendered from RTL (Right To Left). However, it doesn\u0027t have be an IP address, what matters is that first strong character (generally, alphabetic character) in the URL must be an RTL character.",
"id": "GHSA-7xf8-x4wh-25c5",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:02:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:02:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92701"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8279-2HH7-MPV3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:41SAP UI5, versions - 1.38.49, 1.52.49, 1.60.34, 1.71.31, 1.78.18, 1.84.5, 1.85.4, 1.86.1, allows an unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to a malicious site due to Reverse Tabnabbing vulnerabilities.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21476"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-09T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP UI5, versions - 1.38.49, 1.52.49, 1.60.34, 1.71.31, 1.78.18, 1.84.5, 1.85.4, 1.86.1, allows an unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to a malicious site due to Reverse Tabnabbing vulnerabilities.",
"id": "GHSA-8279-2hh7-mpv3",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:41:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21476"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3014303"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=568460543"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-82CF-VXMQ-9GCV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-29 12:31 – Updated: 2026-09-29 12:31A vulnerability in HPE OneView can be remotely exploited to cause a URL redirect.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-76720"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-29T10:17:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in HPE OneView can be remotely exploited to cause a URL redirect.",
"id": "GHSA-82cf-vxmq-9gcv",
"modified": "2026-09-29T12:31:29Z",
"published": "2026-09-29T12:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-76720"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbgn05140en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-82J9-WFCF-9V2H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:07 – Updated: 2024-10-18 21:45An open redirect on the login form (and possibly other places) in Plone 4.0 through 5.2.1 allows an attacker to craft a link to a Plone Site that, when followed, and possibly after login, will redirect to an attacker's site.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Plone"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.3.20"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Plone"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "5.1.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Plone"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-7936"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-12T23:52:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-01-23T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect on the login form (and possibly other places) in Plone 4.0 through 5.2.1 allows an attacker to craft a link to a Plone Site that, when followed, and possibly after login, will redirect to an attacker\u0027s site.",
"id": "GHSA-82j9-wfcf-9v2h",
"modified": "2024-10-18T21:45:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:07:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7936"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/plone/Plone"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/plone/PYSEC-2020-85.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plone.org/security/hotfix/20200121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plone.org/security/hotfix/20200121/an-open-redirection-on-the-login-form-and-possibly-other-places"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/01/22/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/01/24/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Plone Open Redirect Vulnerability"
}
GHSA-82MX-8RW9-8RCF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-04 12:34 – Updated: 2026-08-04 12:34URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') vulnerability in Bilin Software and Informatics Consultancy Inc. HUMANIST Digital Human Resources allows Phishing.
This issue affects HUMANIST Digital Human Resources: from 26.0 before 26.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-14219"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-04T10:19:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL redirection to untrusted site (\u0027open redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Bilin Software and Informatics Consultancy Inc. HUMANIST Digital Human Resources allows Phishing.\n\nThis issue affects HUMANIST Digital Human Resources: from 26.0 before 26.1.",
"id": "GHSA-82mx-8rw9-8rcf",
"modified": "2026-08-04T12:34:50Z",
"published": "2026-08-04T12:34:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-14219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-26-0737"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-82PV-X3J7-8X3M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:18Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 Service Pack 3 Update Rollup 20, Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Cumulative Update 18, Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Cumulative Update 19, Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Service Pack 1, Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 7, and Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 8 allow an information disclosure vulnerability due to how URL redirects are handled, aka "Microsoft Exchange Information Disclosure Vulnerability". This CVE is unique from CVE-2018-0941.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0924"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-14T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 Service Pack 3 Update Rollup 20, Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Cumulative Update 18, Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Cumulative Update 19, Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Service Pack 1, Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 7, and Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 8 allow an information disclosure vulnerability due to how URL redirects are handled, aka \"Microsoft Exchange Information Disclosure Vulnerability\". This CVE is unique from CVE-2018-0941.",
"id": "GHSA-82pv-x3j7-8x3m",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:18:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:18:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-0924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103320"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040521"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-82RH-XW3J-936R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-02 15:31 – Updated: 2025-10-08 18:30An open redirect vulnerability existed in KNIME Business Hub prior to version 1.16.0. An unauthenticated remote attacker could craft a link to a legitimate KNIME Business Hub installation which, when opened by the user, redirects the user to a page of the attackers choice. This might open the possibility for fishing or other similar attacks. The problem has been fixed in KNIME Business Hub 1.16.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-02T13:15:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability existed in KNIME Business Hub prior to version 1.16.0. An unauthenticated remote attacker could craft a link to a legitimate KNIME Business Hub installation which, when opened by the user, redirects the user to a page of the attackers choice. This might open the possibility for fishing or other similar attacks. The problem has been fixed in KNIME Business Hub 1.16.0.",
"id": "GHSA-82rh-xw3j-936r",
"modified": "2025-10-08T18:30:15Z",
"published": "2025-10-02T15:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.knime.com/security/advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Green",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-83M8-9PPX-RJ8M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-28 09:31 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:31An unauthenticated remote attacker can abuse the improper validation of the post-login redirect of the web-UI to trick users to a malicious website. This can result in a loss of confidentiality and availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-14171"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-28T09:16:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An unauthenticated remote attacker can abuse the improper validation of the post-login redirect of the web-UI to trick users to a malicious website. This can result in a loss of confidentiality and availability.",
"id": "GHSA-83m8-9ppx-rj8m",
"modified": "2026-07-28T09:31:29Z",
"published": "2026-07-28T09:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-14171"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2026-076"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-84QJ-R5QQ-3CCM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform product of Oracle Enterprise Manager (component: Metadata Plugin). Supported versions that are affected are 13.5 and 24.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46998"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform product of Oracle Enterprise Manager (component: Metadata Plugin). Supported versions that are affected are 13.5 and 24.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-84qj-r5qq-3ccm",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:13Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8593-J8V5-33H8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:27 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:27An open redirect vulnerability in Fortinet FortiManager 6.0.0, 5.6.5 and below versions, FortiAnalyzer 6.0.0, 5.6.5 and below versions allows attacker to inject script code during converting a HTML table to a PDF document under the FortiView feature. An attacker may be able to social engineer an authenticated user into generating a PDF file containing injected malicious URLs.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1355"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-27T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability in Fortinet FortiManager 6.0.0, 5.6.5 and below versions, FortiAnalyzer 6.0.0, 5.6.5 and below versions allows attacker to inject script code during converting a HTML table to a PDF document under the FortiView feature. An attacker may be able to social engineer an authenticated user into generating a PDF file containing injected malicious URLs.",
"id": "GHSA-8593-j8v5-33h8",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:27:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:27:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/advisory/FG-IR-18-022"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104546"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041185"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.