CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2339 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5J2J-3QXV-FCMX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 21:30 – Updated: 2025-01-28 21:31An issue in Tencent Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd WeSing iOS v9.3.39 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56962"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T19:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in Tencent Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd WeSing iOS v9.3.39 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.",
"id": "GHSA-5j2j-3qxv-fcmx",
"modified": "2025-01-28T21:31:02Z",
"published": "2025-01-27T21:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56962"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZhouZiyi1/Vuls/blob/main/241227-WeSing/241227-WeSing.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5J8M-6W2F-56VM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-08 09:30 – Updated: 2024-10-08 09:30The web server of affected devices does not properly validate input that is used for a user redirection. This could allow an attacker to make the server redirect the legitimate user to an attacker-chosen URL. For a successful exploit, the legitimate user must actively click on an attacker-crafted link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46886"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-08T09:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The web server of affected devices does not properly validate input that is used for a user redirection. This could allow an attacker to make the server redirect the legitimate user to an attacker-chosen URL. For a successful exploit, the legitimate user must actively click on an attacker-crafted link.",
"id": "GHSA-5j8m-6w2f-56vm",
"modified": "2024-10-08T09:30:54Z",
"published": "2024-10-08T09:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46886"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-876787.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5JCH-XHW4-R43V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-29 20:07 – Updated: 2025-09-01 20:06Summary
It is possible to redirect a user to another origin if the "proceed_to" value in the session store is set to a protocol-relative URL.
Details
The google_sign_in gem persists an optional URL for redirection after authentication. If this URL is set to a protocol-relative URL, it improperly passes the "same origin" check, and it's possible for the user to be redirected to another origin after authentication, possibly resulting in exposure of authentication information if this attack is chained with other attacks.
Normally the value of this URL is only written and read by the library or the calling application. However, it may be possible to set this session value from a malicious site with a form submission.
Impact
Any Rails applications using the google_sign_in gem may be vulnerable, if this vector can be chained with another attack that is able to modify the OAuth2 request parameters.
Workarounds
No known workarounds.
Credits
This issue was responsibly reported by Hackerone user muntrive.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "google_sign_in"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58067"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-29T20:07:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-29T21:15:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nIt is possible to redirect a user to another origin if the \"proceed_to\" value in the session store is set to a protocol-relative URL.\n\n## Details\n\nThe google_sign_in gem persists an optional URL for redirection after authentication. If this URL is set to a protocol-relative URL, it improperly passes the \"same origin\" check, and it\u0027s possible for the user to be redirected to another origin after authentication, possibly resulting in exposure of authentication information if this attack is chained with other attacks.\n\nNormally the value of this URL is only written and read by the library or the calling application. However, it may be possible to set this session value from a malicious site with a form submission.\n\n## Impact\n\nAny Rails applications using the google_sign_in gem may be vulnerable, if this vector can be chained with another attack that is able to modify the OAuth2 request parameters.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nNo known workarounds.\n\n## Credits\n\nThis issue was responsibly reported by Hackerone user [muntrive](https://hackerone.com/muntrive?type=user).",
"id": "GHSA-5jch-xhw4-r43v",
"modified": "2025-09-01T20:06:09Z",
"published": "2025-08-29T20:07:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/basecamp/google_sign_in/security/advisories/GHSA-5jch-xhw4-r43v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58067"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/basecamp/google_sign_in/pull/75"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/basecamp/google_sign_in/commit/e97aef4626b1bcbd2c6f01f7dd25f12ac855d4cc"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/basecamp/google_sign_in"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/basecamp/google_sign_in/releases/tag/v1.3.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/google_sign_in/CVE-2025-58067.yml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Google Sign-In for Rails allowed redirect to protocol-relative URI"
}
GHSA-5JF9-CM59-7568
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-09 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-09 19:02SAP Financial Consolidation - version 1010, does not sufficiently encode user-controlled input which may allow an unauthenticated attacker to inject a web script via a GET request. On successful exploitation, an attacker can view or modify information causing a limited impact on confidentiality and integrity of the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41260"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-08T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP Financial Consolidation - version 1010, does not sufficiently encode user-controlled input which may allow an unauthenticated attacker to inject a web script via a GET request. On successful exploitation, an attacker can view or modify information causing a limited impact on confidentiality and integrity of the application.",
"id": "GHSA-5jf9-cm59-7568",
"modified": "2022-11-09T19:02:24Z",
"published": "2022-11-09T12:00:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3260708"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5JHH-P449-3XVH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:20 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:20XOOPS Core 2.5.8 has a stored URL redirect bypass vulnerability in /modules/profile/index.php because of the URL filter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-12138"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-02T05:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "XOOPS Core 2.5.8 has a stored URL redirect bypass vulnerability in /modules/profile/index.php because of the URL filter.",
"id": "GHSA-5jhh-p449-3xvh",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:20:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:20:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/XOOPS/XoopsCore25/issues/523"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100091"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5JVF-373W-R6JH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-03 00:31 – Updated: 2025-02-03 00:31A vulnerability was found in Zenvia Movidesk up to 25.01.22. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /Account/Login. The manipulation of the argument ReturnUrl leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 25.01.22.245a473c54 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-0970"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-02T23:15:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Zenvia Movidesk up to 25.01.22. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /Account/Login. The manipulation of the argument ReturnUrl leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 25.01.22.245a473c54 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.",
"id": "GHSA-5jvf-373w-r6jh",
"modified": "2025-02-03T00:31:01Z",
"published": "2025-02-03T00:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.294361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.294361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.485985"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5M6C-JP6F-2VCV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-20 17:58 – Updated: 2021-05-24 20:58Impact
As users can provide a redirect address for the proxy to send the authenticated user to at the end of the authentication flow. This is expected to be the original URL that the user was trying to access. This redirect URL is checked within the proxy and validated before redirecting the user to prevent malicious actors providing redirects to potentially harmful sites.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.1.1"
},
{
"fixed": "6.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-4037"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-24T20:58:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nAs users can provide a redirect address for the proxy to send the authenticated user to at the end of the authentication flow. This is expected to be the original URL that the user was trying to access.\nThis redirect URL is checked within the proxy and validated before redirecting the user to prevent malicious actors providing redirects to potentially harmful sites.",
"id": "GHSA-5m6c-jp6f-2vcv",
"modified": "2021-05-24T20:58:18Z",
"published": "2021-12-20T17:58:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy/security/advisories/GHSA-5m6c-jp6f-2vcv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4037"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy/commit/ee5662e0f5001d76ec76562bb605abbd07c266a2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy/releases/tag/v6.0.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open Redirect in OAuth2 Proxy"
}
GHSA-5M7C-7CFG-9HJ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-15 00:02 – Updated: 2022-01-20 00:02An open redirect vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP device running QcalAgent. If exploited, this vulnerability allows attackers to redirect users to an untrusted page that contains malware. We have already fixed this vulnerability in the following versions of QcalAgent: QcalAgent 1.1.7 and later
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38678"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-14T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP device running QcalAgent. If exploited, this vulnerability allows attackers to redirect users to an untrusted page that contains malware. We have already fixed this vulnerability in the following versions of QcalAgent: QcalAgent 1.1.7 and later",
"id": "GHSA-5m7c-7cfg-9hj4",
"modified": "2022-01-20T00:02:08Z",
"published": "2022-01-15T00:02:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38678"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-21-60"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5M7H-7WHV-78FW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35A vulnerability in the browser-based version of Cisco Webex App could have allowed an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect users to a malicious webpage. Cisco has addressed this vulnerability in the Cisco Webex App, and no customer action is needed.
This vulnerability existed due to improper input validation of URL parameters in an HTTP request. Prior to this vulnerability being addressed, an attacker could have exploited this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted URL. A successful exploit could have allowed the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20178"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T18:17:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the browser-based version of Cisco Webex App could have allowed an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect users to a malicious webpage. Cisco has addressed this vulnerability in the Cisco Webex App, and no customer action is needed.\n\n This vulnerability existed due to improper input validation of URL parameters in an HTTP request. Prior to this vulnerability being addressed, an attacker could have exploited this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted URL. A successful exploit could have allowed the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website.",
"id": "GHSA-5m7h-7whv-78fw",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:57Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20178"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-webex-app-redirect-KOyxhffH"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5MWV-VRX3-5PVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:20 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:33Open redirect vulnerability in the lmadmin component in Flexera FlexNet Publisher (aka Flex License Manager) 11.14.1 and earlier, as used in Citrix License Server for Windows and the Citrix License Server VPX, allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5571"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-03T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in the lmadmin component in Flexera FlexNet Publisher (aka Flex License Manager) 11.14.1 and earlier, as used in Citrix License Server for Windows and the Citrix License Server VPX, allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-5mwv-vrx3-5pvv",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:33:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:20:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5571"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-144-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX219885"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.citect.schneider-electric.com/safety-and-security-central/36-security-notifications/9134-vulnerabilities-within-schneider-electric-floating-license-manager"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.schneider-electric.com/en/download/document/SEVD-2018-137-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.schneider-electric.com/en/download/document/SEVD-2018-144-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96028"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.