CWE-59
AllowedImproper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product attempts to access a file based on the filename, but it does not properly prevent that filename from identifying a link or shortcut that resolves to an unintended resource.
2314 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-C23V-H2R6-3VVW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:31 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:31hugin, as used on various operating systems including SUSE openSUSE 10.2 and 10.3, allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on the hugin_debug_optim_results.txt temporary file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-5200"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-10-14T18:17:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "hugin, as used on various operating systems including SUSE openSUSE 10.2 and 10.3, allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on the hugin_debug_optim_results.txt temporary file.",
"id": "GHSA-c23v-h2r6-3vvw",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:31:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=332401"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=362851"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2007-November/msg00199.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/42224"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/27229"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/27623"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/27653"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/27952"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-200712-01.xml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.novell.com/linux/security/advisories/2007_20_sr.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26730"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-C272-W43G-64P3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:07 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:07GNU Parallel before 20150522 (Nepal), when using (1) --cat or (2) --fifo with --sshlogin, allows local users to write to arbitrary files via a symlink attack on a temporary file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-4156"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-06-02T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "GNU Parallel before 20150522 (Nepal), when using (1) --cat or (2) --fifo with --sshlogin, allows local users to write to arbitrary files via a symlink attack on a temporary file.",
"id": "GHSA-c272-w43g-64p3",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:07:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:07:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-4156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/parallel/2015-04/msg00045.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/parallel/2015-05/msg00024.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2015-05/msg00090.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/74961"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-C2H7-93PH-FFJV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-30 21:31 – Updated: 2025-01-30 21:31Symlink following in the installer for Zoom Workplace App for macOS before 6.2.10 may allow an authenticated user to conduct a denial of service via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-0146"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-30T20:15:34Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Symlink following in the installer for Zoom Workplace App for macOS before 6.2.10 may allow an authenticated user to conduct a denial of service via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-c2h7-93ph-ffjv",
"modified": "2025-01-30T21:31:23Z",
"published": "2025-01-30T21:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zoom.com/en/trust/security-bulletin/zsb-25005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C2M7-2R7V-PHQ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:53 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:53** DISPUTED ** postinst in twiki 4.1.2 allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on the /tmp/twiki temporary file. NOTE: the vendor disputes this vulnerability, stating "this bug is invalid."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-4998"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-11-07T19:36:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "** DISPUTED ** postinst in twiki 4.1.2 allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on the /tmp/twiki temporary file. NOTE: the vendor disputes this vulnerability, stating \"this bug is invalid.\"",
"id": "GHSA-c2m7-2r7v-phq7",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:53:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:53:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-4998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=235770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=235802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=494648"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2008/10/30/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-C2M8-H5V5-343R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-30 23:48 – Updated: 2026-09-30 23:48Summary
StaticFileHandler allows an unauthenticated attacker to read arbitrary files from the server's filesystem by requesting a path that resolves to a symbolic link placed inside the static root directory. Any application that serves user-uploadable content, or whose static directory is populated by a build/deploy pipeline that creates symlinks (e.g. npm link, webpack, Docker volume mounts, CDN sync tools), is affected. An attacker who can trigger the creation of a symlink pointing outside the static root—or exploit one that already exists—can retrieve sensitive files such as /etc/passwd, private keys, configuration files, or application secrets.
Details
The vulnerability is in tornado.web.StaticFileHandler, specifically in the interaction between two methods in tornado/web.py:
- get_absolute_path uses os.path.abspath() to resolve the requested path:
- validate_absolute_path uses the same os.path.abspath() on the root, then performs a string prefix check:
os.path.abspath() normalises . and .. segments but does not resolve symbolic links. As a result, a path like /var/www/static/link passes the startswith("/var/www/static/") check regardless of where link actually points.
Immediately after, os.path.exists() and os.path.isfile() do follow symlinks, so the file they ultimately open is the symlink's target. The fix would be to replace os.path.abspath() with os.path.realpath() in both methods, so the resolved real path of the symlink target is validated against the root, not just its string representation inside the static directory.
PoC
Complete instructions, including specific configuration details, to reproduce the vulnerability. Prerequisites: Python 3.x, Tornado installed. 1. Create the environment
mkdir -p /tmp/static
echo "DB_PASSWORD=s3cr3t" > /tmp/secret.conf
ln -s /tmp/secret.conf /tmp/static/config.conf
- Minimal vulnerable server (server.py):
import tornado.web, tornado.ioloop
app = tornado.web.Application([
(r"/static/(.*)", tornado.web.StaticFileHandler, {"path": "/tmp/static"}),
])
app.listen(8888)
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
- Exploit:
curl http://localhost:8888/static/config.conf
Impact
Any application using StaticFileHandler is potentially affected if: - the static directory contains symlinks pointing outside it (common with build tooling), or - the application allows file uploads into the static directory without stripping symlinks.
An unauthenticated remote attacker can read any file readable by the process user: application secrets, private TLS keys, database credentials, /etc/shadow, SSH keys, or source code (depending on the process's filesystem permissions).
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.5.8"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tornado"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.5.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-30T23:48:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nStaticFileHandler allows an unauthenticated attacker to read arbitrary files from the server\u0027s filesystem by requesting a path that resolves to a symbolic link placed inside the static root directory. Any application that serves user-uploadable content, or whose static directory is populated by a build/deploy pipeline that creates symlinks (e.g. npm link, webpack, Docker volume mounts, CDN sync tools), is affected. An attacker who can trigger the creation of a symlink pointing outside the static root\u2014or exploit one that already exists\u2014can retrieve sensitive files such as /etc/passwd, private keys, configuration files, or application secrets.\n\n\n\n### Details\nThe vulnerability is in tornado.web.StaticFileHandler, specifically in the interaction between two methods in [tornado/web.py](vscode-webview://1grdaaa6v64itrol06qu70pq3d1b9h9im5c3npvvc9snaprc1q9f/tornado/web.py):\n- [get_absolute_path](https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/blob/0ca3c5f8279d402b245718d16522bc18a8f5d958/tornado/web.py#L2932) uses `os.path.abspath()` to resolve the requested path:\n- [validate_absolute_path](https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/blob/0ca3c5f8279d402b245718d16522bc18a8f5d958/tornado/web.py#L2935) uses the same `os.path.abspath()` on the root, then performs a string prefix check:\n\n`os.path.abspath()` normalises . and .. segments but does not resolve symbolic links. As a result, a path like `/var/www/static/link` passes the `startswith(\"/var/www/static/\")` check regardless of where `link` actually points.\n\nImmediately after, `os.path.exists()` and `os.path.isfile()` **do follow symlinks**, so the file they ultimately open is the symlink\u0027s target. The fix would be to replace os.path.abspath() with os.path.realpath() in both methods, so the resolved real path of the symlink target is validated against the root, not just its string representation inside the static directory.\n\n### PoC\n_Complete instructions, including specific configuration details, to reproduce the vulnerability._\nPrerequisites: Python 3.x, Tornado installed.\n1. Create the environment\n```\nmkdir -p /tmp/static\necho \"DB_PASSWORD=s3cr3t\" \u003e /tmp/secret.conf \nln -s /tmp/secret.conf /tmp/static/config.conf \n```\n2. Minimal vulnerable server (server.py):\n```\nimport tornado.web, tornado.ioloop\n\napp = tornado.web.Application([\n (r\"/static/(.*)\", tornado.web.StaticFileHandler, {\"path\": \"/tmp/static\"}),\n])\napp.listen(8888)\ntornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()\n```\n3. Exploit:\n`curl http://localhost:8888/static/config.conf`\n\n### Impact\nAny application using StaticFileHandler is potentially affected if:\n- the static directory contains symlinks pointing outside it (common with build tooling), or\n- the application allows file uploads into the static directory without stripping symlinks.\n\nAn unauthenticated remote attacker can read any file readable by the process user: application secrets, private TLS keys, database credentials, /etc/shadow, SSH keys, or source code (depending on the process\u0027s filesystem permissions).",
"id": "GHSA-c2m8-h5v5-343r",
"modified": "2026-09-30T23:48:55Z",
"published": "2026-09-30T23:48:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/security/advisories/GHSA-c2m8-h5v5-343r"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/pull/3719"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/commit/437ab5f76565403b3403438d2e555d11f8128d32"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/commit/f9f50b8bab265a2abf9f2415a3d2da6264a5450b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/releases/tag/v6.5.9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Tornado: StaticFileHandler follows symlinks outside static root (path traversal)"
}
GHSA-C2QP-V5VM-7VXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-10 18:32 – Updated: 2026-08-10 18:32tar-rs versions 0.4.11 through 0.4.46 contain a symlink escape vulnerability in the Builder::append_dir_all() function that allows attackers to read files outside the intended source root directory by planting symlinks in an attacker-controlled directory. When a privileged process archives an untrusted directory, the function follows symlinks without verifying that resolved targets remain within the source root, causing out-of-bounds files to be included in the archive as regular files and disclosed to the attacker.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-70622"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-10T18:18:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "tar-rs versions 0.4.11 through 0.4.46 contain a symlink escape vulnerability in the Builder::append_dir_all() function that allows attackers to read files outside the intended source root directory by planting symlinks in an attacker-controlled directory. When a privileged process archives an untrusted directory, the function follows symlinks without verifying that resolved targets remain within the source root, causing out-of-bounds files to be included in the archive as regular files and disclosed to the attacker.",
"id": "GHSA-c2qp-v5vm-7vxf",
"modified": "2026-08-10T18:32:17Z",
"published": "2026-08-10T18:32:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-70622"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/thesmartshadow/e7dac0bb690ee17b9cc142154cb11726"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/tar-rs-symlink-escape-via-append-dir-all"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-C2WW-38J4-6R8M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:21 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:21Denial of service via crafting malicious link and sending it to a privileged user can cause Denial of Service in Kraftway 24F2XG Router firmware version 3.5.30.1118.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-15351"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-17T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Denial of service via crafting malicious link and sending it to a privileged user can cause Denial of Service in Kraftway 24F2XG Router firmware version 3.5.30.1118.",
"id": "GHSA-c2ww-38j4-6r8m",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:21:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:21:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15351"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.kaspersky.com/advisories/klcert-advisories/2018/08/17/klcert-18-007-kraftway-24f2xg-router-denial-of-service"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C2XC-682Q-GHP8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-22 21:30 – Updated: 2024-05-22 21:30Avira Prime Link Following Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Avira Prime. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the Avira Spotlight Service. By creating a symbolic link, an attacker can abuse the service to delete a file. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-21600.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-51636"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-22T20:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Avira Prime Link Following Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Avira Prime. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the Avira Spotlight Service. By creating a symbolic link, an attacker can abuse the service to delete a file. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-21600.",
"id": "GHSA-c2xc-682q-ghp8",
"modified": "2024-05-22T21:30:35Z",
"published": "2024-05-22T21:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-24-469"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C366-5342-RPXC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-30 12:33 – Updated: 2026-04-30 12:33In JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA before 2024.3.7.1,
2025.1.7.1,
2025.2.6.2,
2025.3.4.1,
2026.1.1 reading arbitrary local files was possible via built-in web server
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41882"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-30T12:16:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA before 2024.3.7.1, \n2025.1.7.1,\n2025.2.6.2, \n2025.3.4.1, \n2026.1.1 reading arbitrary local files was possible via built-in web server",
"id": "GHSA-c366-5342-rpxc",
"modified": "2026-04-30T12:33:12Z",
"published": "2026-04-30T12:33:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41882"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C3C7-HP6G-R6V8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:18 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:18find_flags in Kitware GCC-XML (gccxml) 0.9.0 allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on a /tmp/*.cxx temporary file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-4957"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-59"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-11-05T15:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "find_flags in Kitware GCC-XML (gccxml) 0.9.0 allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on a /tmp/*.cxx temporary file.",
"id": "GHSA-c3c7-hp6g-r6v8",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:18:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:18:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-4957"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=235770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/46408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://bugs.debian.org/496391"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://dev.gentoo.org/~rbu/security/debiantemp/gccxml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2008/10/30/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-48.1
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Follow the principle of least privilege when assigning access rights to entities in a software system.
- Denying access to a file can prevent an attacker from replacing that file with a link to a sensitive file. Ensure good compartmentalization in the system to provide protected areas that can be trusted.
CAPEC-132: Symlink Attack
An adversary positions a symbolic link in such a manner that the targeted user or application accesses the link's endpoint, assuming that it is accessing a file with the link's name.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.