Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-506

Allowed-with-Review

Embedded Malicious Code

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product contains code that appears to be malicious in nature.

525 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-R742-7J4H-HJR8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 23:27 – Updated: 2021-10-01 17:07
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in arsenic-tabasco-cyborg-peanut-butter
Details

All versions of arsenic-tabasco-cyborg-peanut-butter contain malicious code. The package downloads and runs a script that opens a reverse shell in the system.

Recommendation

Any computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.

The package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "arsenic-tabasco-cyborg-peanut-butter"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:54:46Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of `arsenic-tabasco-cyborg-peanut-butter` contain malicious code. The package downloads and runs a script that opens a reverse shell in the system.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nAny computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.\n\nThe package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.",
  "id": "GHSA-r742-7j4h-hjr8",
  "modified": "2021-10-01T17:07:41Z",
  "published": "2020-09-03T23:27:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1313"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in arsenic-tabasco-cyborg-peanut-butter"
}

GHSA-R7VF-6C3R-53C3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-07 21:31 – Updated: 2025-10-09 18:30
VLAI
Details

NetSarang Xmanager Enterprise 5.0 Build 1232, Xmanager 5.0 Build 1045, Xshell 5.0 Build 1322, Xftp 5.0 Build 1218, and Xlpd 5.0 Build 1220 contain a malicious nssock2.dll that implements a multi-stage, DNS-based backdoor. The dormant library contacts a C2 DNS server via a specially crafted TXT record for a month‑generated domain. After receiving a decryption key, it then downloads and executes arbitrary code, creates an encrypted virtual file system (VFS) in the registry, and grants the attacker full remote code execution, data exfiltration, and persistence. NetSarang released builds for each product line that remediated the compromise: Xmanager Enterprise Build 1236, Xmanager Build 1049, Xshell Build 1326, Xftp Build 1222, and Xlpd Build 1224. Kaspersky Lab identified an instance of exploitation in the wild in August 2017.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-34252"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-07T21:15:38Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "NetSarang Xmanager Enterprise 5.0 Build 1232,\u00a0Xmanager 5.0 Build 1045,\u00a0Xshell 5.0 Build 1322,\u00a0Xftp 5.0 Build 1218, and Xlpd 5.0 Build 1220 contain a malicious nssock2.dll that implements a multi-stage, DNS-based backdoor. The dormant library contacts a C2 DNS server via a specially crafted TXT record for a month\u2011generated domain. After receiving a decryption key, it then downloads and executes arbitrary code, creates an encrypted virtual file system (VFS) in the registry, and grants the attacker full remote code execution, data exfiltration, and persistence. NetSarang released builds for each product line that remediated the compromise: Xmanager Enterprise Build 1236, Xmanager Build 1049, Xshell Build 1326, Xftp Build 1222, and Xlpd Build 1224. Kaspersky Lab identified an instance of exploitation in the wild in August 2017.",
  "id": "GHSA-r7vf-6c3r-53c3",
  "modified": "2025-10-09T18:30:29Z",
  "published": "2025-10-07T21:31:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34252"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://securelist.com/shadowpad-in-corporate-networks/81432"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usa.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/shadowpad-attackers-hid-backdoor-in-software-used-by-hundreds-of-large-companies-worldwide"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20181022035109/https://www.netsarang.com/news/security_exploit_in_july_18_2017_build.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netsarang-malicious-backdoor-supply-chain-compromise"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R863-P739-275C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-11 21:09 – Updated: 2021-10-01 14:09
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in reuest
Details

All versions of reuest typosquatted a popular package of similar name and tracked users who had installed the incorrect package. The package uploaded information to a remote server including: name of the downloaded package, name of the intended package, the Node version and whether the process was running as sudo. There is no further compromise.

Recommendation

Remove the package from your dependencies and always ensure package names are typed correctly upon installation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "reuest"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:38:43Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of `reuest` typosquatted a popular package of similar name and tracked users who had installed the incorrect package. The package uploaded information to a remote server including: name of the downloaded package, name of the intended package, the Node version and whether the process was running as sudo. There is no further compromise.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nRemove the package from your dependencies and always ensure package names are typed correctly upon installation.",
  "id": "GHSA-r863-p739-275c",
  "modified": "2021-10-01T14:09:36Z",
  "published": "2020-09-11T21:09:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/866"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in reuest"
}

GHSA-R8HX-3QX6-HXQ9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 19:41 – Updated: 2021-10-01 20:59
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in commandre
Details

All versions of this package contained malware. The package was designed to find and exfiltrate cryptocurrency wallets.

Recommendation

Any computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.

The package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "commandre"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:57:25Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of this package contained malware. The package was designed to find and exfiltrate cryptocurrency wallets.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nAny computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.\n\nThe package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.",
  "id": "GHSA-r8hx-3qx6-hxq9",
  "modified": "2021-10-01T20:59:17Z",
  "published": "2020-09-03T19:41:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1387"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in commandre"
}

GHSA-R9CJ-XJ33-4Q42

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 22:21 – Updated: 2021-09-29 21:26
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in buffgr-xor
Details

Version 2.0.2 contained malicious code. The package targeted the Ethereum cryptocurrency and performed transactions to wallets not controlled by the user.

Recommendation

Remove the package from your environment. Ensure no Ethereum funds were compromised.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "buffgr-xor"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:52:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Version 2.0.2 contained malicious code. The package targeted the Ethereum cryptocurrency and performed transactions to wallets not controlled by the user.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nRemove the package from your environment. Ensure no Ethereum funds were compromised.",
  "id": "GHSA-r9cj-xj33-4q42",
  "modified": "2021-09-29T21:26:56Z",
  "published": "2020-09-03T22:21:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1260"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in buffgr-xor"
}

GHSA-RCV7-4W2M-GJ9V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 23:24 – Updated: 2021-10-01 16:15
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in sj-tw-test-security
Details

All versions of sj-tw-test-security contain malicious code. The package downloads and runs a script that opens a reverse shell in the system.

Recommendation

Any computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.

The package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "sj-tw-test-security"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:54:34Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of `sj-tw-test-security` contain malicious code. The package downloads and runs a script that opens a reverse shell in the system.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nAny computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.\n\nThe package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.",
  "id": "GHSA-rcv7-4w2m-gj9v",
  "modified": "2021-10-01T16:15:09Z",
  "published": "2020-09-03T23:24:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1308"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in sj-tw-test-security"
}

GHSA-RGGQ-F2WF-M6CP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-02 18:31 – Updated: 2021-10-01 13:44
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in jajajejejiji
Details

All versions of jajajejejiji typosquatted a popular package of similar name and tracked users who had installed the incorrect package. The package uploaded information to a remote server including: name of the downloaded package, name of the intended package, the Node version and whether the process was running as sudo. There is no further compromise.

Recommendation

Remove the package from your dependencies and always ensure package names are typed correctly upon installation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "jajajejejiji"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:37:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of `jajajejejiji` typosquatted a popular package of similar name and tracked users who had installed the incorrect package. The package uploaded information to a remote server including: name of the downloaded package, name of the intended package, the Node version and whether the process was running as sudo. There is no further compromise.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nRemove the package from your dependencies and always ensure package names are typed correctly upon installation.",
  "id": "GHSA-rggq-f2wf-m6cp",
  "modified": "2021-10-01T13:44:23Z",
  "published": "2020-09-02T18:31:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/838"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in jajajejejiji"
}

GHSA-RJHC-W3FJ-J6X9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 17:32 – Updated: 2021-09-30 18:35
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in alipayjsapi
Details

All versions of alipayjsapi contain malicious code. The package uploads system information to a remote server, downloads a file and executes it.

Recommendation

Any computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.

The package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "alipayjsapi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:45:24Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of `alipayjsapi` contain malicious code. The package uploads system information to a remote server, downloads a file and executes it.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nAny computer that has this package installed or running should be considered fully compromised. All secrets and keys stored on that computer should be rotated immediately from a different computer.\n\nThe package should be removed, but as full control of the computer may have been given to an outside entity, there is no guarantee that removing the package will remove all malicious software resulting from installing it.",
  "id": "GHSA-rjhc-w3fj-j6x9",
  "modified": "2021-09-30T18:35:42Z",
  "published": "2020-09-03T17:32:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1048"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in alipayjsapi"
}

GHSA-RM3R-35X9-JV93

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-15 09:31 – Updated: 2026-05-15 09:31
VLAI
Details

A supply chain attack compromised the official installation packages of DAEMON Tools Lite (Windows versions 12.5.0.2421 through 12.5.0.2434), distributed from the legitimate website daemon-tools.cc between approximately April 8, 2026, and May 5, 2026. Attackers gained unauthorized access to the vendor's (AVB Disc Soft) build or distribution infrastructure and trojanized three binaries: DTHelper.exe, DiscSoftBusServiceLite.exe, and DTShellHlp.exe. These files were digitally signed with the legitimate AVB Disc Soft code-signing certificate, allowing the malicious installers to appear trustworthy and bypass signature-based detection.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-8398"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-15T09:16:17Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A supply chain attack compromised the official installation packages of DAEMON Tools Lite (Windows versions 12.5.0.2421 through 12.5.0.2434), distributed from the legitimate website daemon-tools.cc between approximately April 8, 2026, and May 5, 2026. Attackers gained unauthorized access to the vendor\u0027s (AVB Disc Soft) build or distribution infrastructure and trojanized three binaries: DTHelper.exe, DiscSoftBusServiceLite.exe, and DTShellHlp.exe. These files were digitally signed with the legitimate AVB Disc Soft code-signing certificate, allowing the malicious installers to appear trustworthy and bypass signature-based detection.",
  "id": "GHSA-rm3r-35x9-jv93",
  "modified": "2026-05-15T09:31:32Z",
  "published": "2026-05-15T09:31:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8398"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.daemon-tools.cc/post/security-incident"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://securelist.com/tr/daemon-tools-backdoor/119654"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RM7C-X424-G2MW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-02 18:36 – Updated: 2021-10-01 13:47
VLAI
Summary
Malicious Package in asyync
Details

All versions of asyync typosquatted a popular package of similar name and tracked users who had installed the incorrect package. The package uploaded information to a remote server including: name of the downloaded package, name of the intended package, the Node version and whether the process was running as sudo. There is no further compromise.

Recommendation

Remove the package from your dependencies and always ensure package names are typed correctly upon installation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "asyync"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-506"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:37:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of `asyync` typosquatted a popular package of similar name and tracked users who had installed the incorrect package. The package uploaded information to a remote server including: name of the downloaded package, name of the intended package, the Node version and whether the process was running as sudo. There is no further compromise.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nRemove the package from your dependencies and always ensure package names are typed correctly upon installation.",
  "id": "GHSA-rm7c-x424-g2mw",
  "modified": "2021-10-01T13:47:19Z",
  "published": "2020-09-02T18:36:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/843"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Malicious Package in asyync"
}

Mitigation
Implementation Operation

Remove the malicious code and start an effort to ensure that no more malicious code exists. This may require a detailed review of all code, as it is possible to hide a serious attack in only one or two lines of code. These lines may be located almost anywhere in an application and may have been intentionally obfuscated by the attacker.

CAPEC-442: Infected Software

An adversary adds malicious logic, often in the form of a computer virus, to otherwise benign software. This logic is often hidden from the user of the software and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. Many times, the malicious logic is inserted into empty space between legitimate code, and is then called when the software is executed. This pattern of attack focuses on software already fielded and used in operation as opposed to software that is still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-448: Embed Virus into DLL

An adversary tampers with a DLL and embeds a computer virus into gaps between legitimate machine instructions. These gaps may be the result of compiler optimizations that pad memory blocks for performance gains. The embedded virus then attempts to infect any machine which interfaces with the product, and possibly steal private data or eavesdrop.

CAPEC-636: Hiding Malicious Data or Code within Files

Files on various operating systems can have a complex format which allows for the storage of other data, in addition to its contents. Often this is metadata about the file, such as a cached thumbnail for an image file. Unless utilities are invoked in a particular way, this data is not visible during the normal use of the file. It is possible for an attacker to store malicious data or code using these facilities, which would be difficult to discover.