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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-444

Allowed

Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.

627 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-HWQH-57W6-XM49

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-17 21:30 – Updated: 2023-01-25 03:30
VLAI
Details

Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling') vulnerability in mod_proxy_ajp of Apache HTTP Server allows an attacker to smuggle requests to the AJP server it forwards requests to. This issue affects Apache HTTP Server Apache HTTP Server 2.4 version 2.4.54 and prior versions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-36760"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-17T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (\u0027HTTP Request Smuggling\u0027) vulnerability in mod_proxy_ajp of Apache HTTP Server allows an attacker to smuggle requests to the AJP server it forwards requests to. This issue affects Apache HTTP Server Apache HTTP Server 2.4 version 2.4.54 and prior versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-hwqh-57w6-xm49",
  "modified": "2023-01-25T03:30:32Z",
  "published": "2023-01-17T21:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36760"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202309-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HXCM-Q7M2-7QHP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-21 09:30 – Updated: 2025-04-03 00:31
VLAI
Details

Varnish Cache before 7.6.2 and Varnish Enterprise before 6.0.13r10 allow client-side desync via HTTP/1 requests.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-30346"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-21T07:15:37Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Varnish Cache before 7.6.2 and Varnish Enterprise before 6.0.13r10 allow client-side desync via HTTP/1 requests.",
  "id": "GHSA-hxcm-q7m2-7qhp",
  "modified": "2025-04-03T00:31:31Z",
  "published": "2025-03-21T09:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30346"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00027.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://varnish-cache.org/security/VSV00015.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J49J-P46F-PFCV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-26 12:35 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:30
VLAI
Details

Apache Traffic Server forwards malformed HTTP chunked trailer section to origin servers. This can be utilized for request smuggling and may also lead cache poisoning if the origin servers are vulnerable.

This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 8.0.0 through 8.1.10, from 9.0.0 through 9.2.4.

Users can set a new setting (proxy.config.http.drop_chunked_trailers) not to forward chunked trailer section. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 8.1.11 or 9.2.5, which fixes the issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-35161"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-26T10:15:02Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Apache Traffic Server forwards malformed HTTP chunked trailer section to origin servers. This can be utilized for request smuggling and may also lead cache poisoning if the origin servers are vulnerable.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 8.0.0 through 8.1.10, from 9.0.0 through 9.2.4.\n\nUsers can set a new setting (proxy.config.http.drop_chunked_trailers) not to forward chunked trailer section.\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 8.1.11 or 9.2.5, which fixes the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-j49j-p46f-pfcv",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T00:30:59Z",
  "published": "2024-07-26T12:35:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35161"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/c4mcmpblgl8kkmyt56t23543gp8v56m0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/09/msg00040.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J5Q7-F555-68QX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-31 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-31 18:32
VLAI
Details

HTTP Smuggling in cPanel allows potential leak of credentials.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-58047"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-31T17:16:34Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "HTTP Smuggling in cPanel allows potential leak of credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-j5q7-f555-68qx",
  "modified": "2026-07-31T18:32:18Z",
  "published": "2026-07-31T18:32:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58047"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.cpanel.net/changelogs/138-change-log"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.cpanel.net/hc/en-us/articles/42285024734743-Security-CVE-2026-58047-HTTP-Request-Smuggling"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J65P-J8H7-7CHG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-20 00:00 – Updated: 2024-02-27 18:57
VLAI
Details

An HTTP request smuggling in web application in ASUS ROG Rapture GT-AX11000, RT-AX3000, RT-AX55, RT-AX56U, RT-AX56U_V2, RT-AX58U, RT-AX82U, RT-AX82U GUNDAM EDITION, RT-AX86 Series(RT-AX86U/RT-AX86S), RT-AX86U ZAKU II EDITION, RT-AX88U, RT-AX92U, TUF Gaming AX3000, TUF Gaming AX5400 (TUF-AX5400), ASUS ZenWiFi XD6, ASUS ZenWiFi AX (XT8) before 3.0.0.4.386.45898, and RT-AX68U before 3.0.0.4.386.45911, allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to DoS via sending a specially crafted HTTP packet.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-41436"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-11-19T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An HTTP request smuggling in web application in ASUS ROG Rapture GT-AX11000, RT-AX3000, RT-AX55, RT-AX56U, RT-AX56U_V2, RT-AX58U, RT-AX82U, RT-AX82U GUNDAM EDITION, RT-AX86 Series(RT-AX86U/RT-AX86S), RT-AX86U ZAKU II EDITION, RT-AX88U, RT-AX92U, TUF Gaming AX3000, TUF Gaming AX5400 (TUF-AX5400), ASUS ZenWiFi XD6, ASUS ZenWiFi AX (XT8) before 3.0.0.4.386.45898, and RT-AX68U before 3.0.0.4.386.45911, allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to DoS via sending a specially crafted HTTP packet.",
  "id": "GHSA-j65p-j8h7-7chg",
  "modified": "2024-02-27T18:57:12Z",
  "published": "2021-11-20T00:00:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41436"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://rog.asus.com/networking/rog-rapture-gt-ax11000-model/helpdesk_bios"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.asus.com/Networking-IoT-Servers/Whole-Home-Mesh-WiFi-System/ZenWiFi-WiFi-Systems/ASUS-ZenWiFi-AX-XT8-/HelpDesk_BIOS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.asus.com/Networking-IoT-Servers/Whole-Home-Mesh-WiFi-System/ZenWiFi-WiFi-Systems/ASUS-ZenWiFi-XD6/HelpDesk_BIOS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.asus.com/Networking-IoT-Servers/WiFi-Routers/ASUS-WiFi-Routers/RT-AX3000/HelpDesk_BIOS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.asus.com/Networking-IoT-Servers/WiFi-Routers/ASUS-WiFi-Routers/RT-AX56U/HelpDesk_BIOS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.asus.com/Networking-IoT-Servers/WiFi-Routers/ASUS-WiFi-Routers/RT-AX68U/HelpDesk_BIOS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.asus.com/Networking-IoT-Servers/WiFi-Routers/All-series/RT-AX55/HelpDesk_BIOS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://asus.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J7J6-7HFX-5522

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:07 – Updated: 2026-02-25 14:07
VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests in Waitress
Details

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-4ppp-gpcr-7qf6. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Description

Waitress through version 1.3.1 allows request smuggling by sending the Content-Length header twice. Waitress would header fold a double Content-Length header and due to being unable to cast the now comma separated value to an integer would set the Content-Length to 0 internally. If two Content-Length headers are sent in a single request, Waitress would treat the request as having no body, thereby treating the body of the request as a new request in HTTP pipelining. This issue is fixed in Waitress 1.4.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.3.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "waitress"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.4.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-27T16:10:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-01-22T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-4ppp-gpcr-7qf6. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nWaitress through version 1.3.1 allows request smuggling by sending the Content-Length header twice. Waitress would header fold a double Content-Length header and due to being unable to cast the now comma separated value to an integer would set the Content-Length to 0 internally. If two Content-Length headers are sent in a single request, Waitress would treat the request as having no body, thereby treating the body of the request as a new request in HTTP pipelining. This issue is fixed in Waitress 1.4.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-j7j6-7hfx-5522",
  "modified": "2026-02-25T14:07:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:07:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Pylons/waitress/security/advisories/GHSA-4ppp-gpcr-7qf6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16792"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Pylons/waitress/commit/575994cd42e83fd772a5f7ec98b2c56751bd3f65"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/waitress/en/latest/#security-fixes"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Pylons/waitress"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/05/msg00011.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests in Waitress",
  "withdrawn": "2026-01-22T22:34:03Z"
}

GHSA-J96P-R523-8R3W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-03 20:52 – Updated: 2021-11-24 19:42
VLAI
Summary
HTTP Request Smuggling in github.com/hyperledger/fabric
Details

A vulnerability has been detected in HyperLedger Fabric v1.4.0, v2.0.0, v2.0.1, v2.3.0. It can easily break down as many orderers as the attacker wants. This bug can be leveraged by constructing a message whose header is invalid to the interface Order. This bug has been admitted and fixed by the developers of Fabric.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/hyperledger/fabric"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-43669"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-11-24T19:42:20Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-11-18T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been detected in HyperLedger Fabric v1.4.0, v2.0.0, v2.0.1, v2.3.0. It can easily break down as many orderers as the attacker wants. This bug can be leveraged by constructing a message whose header is invalid to the interface Order. This bug has been admitted and fixed by the developers of Fabric.",
  "id": "GHSA-j96p-r523-8r3w",
  "modified": "2021-11-24T19:42:20Z",
  "published": "2021-12-03T20:52:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43669"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric/pull/2828"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric/releases/tag/v2.4.0-beta"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jira.hyperledger.org/browse/FAB-18528"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "HTTP Request Smuggling in github.com/hyperledger/fabric"
}

GHSA-JCG7-J3JQ-WP4R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-09 09:30 – Updated: 2024-10-01 21:31
VLAI
Details

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Software Foundation Apache Traffic Server.This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: through 9.2.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-33934"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-09T07:15:10Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Software Foundation Apache Traffic Server.This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: through 9.2.1.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-jcg7-j3jq-wp4r",
  "modified": "2024-10-01T21:31:32Z",
  "published": "2023-08-09T09:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33934"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/jsl6dfdgs1mjjo1mbtyflyjr7xftswhc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/09/msg00042.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BOTOM2MFKOLK46Q3BQHO662HTPZFRQUC"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5549"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JGRH-5M3H-9C5F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-11-09 22:17 – Updated: 2020-11-10 20:19
VLAI
Summary
Web Cache Poisoning in find-my-way
Details

This affects the package find-my-way before 2.2.5, from 3.0.0 and before 3.0.5. It accepts the Accept-Version' header by default, and if versioned routes are not being used, this could lead to a denial of service. Accept-Version can be used as an unkeyed header in a cache poisoning attack.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "find-my-way"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "find-my-way"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-7764"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-11-09T22:16:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "This affects the package find-my-way before 2.2.5, from 3.0.0 and before 3.0.5. It accepts the Accept-Version\u0027 header by default, and if versioned routes are not being used, this could lead to a denial of service. Accept-Version can be used as an unkeyed header in a cache poisoning attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-jgrh-5m3h-9c5f",
  "modified": "2020-11-10T20:19:42Z",
  "published": "2020-11-09T22:17:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7764"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/delvedor/find-my-way/commit/ab408354690e6b9cf3c4724befb3b3fa4bb90aac"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-FINDMYWAY-1038269"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/find-my-way"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Web Cache Poisoning in find-my-way"
}

GHSA-JGWC-JH89-RPGQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-25 19:39 – Updated: 2024-11-25 19:39
VLAI
Summary
Keycloak proxy header handling Denial-of-Service (DoS) vulnerability
Details

Keycloak versions 26 and earlier are vulnerable to a denial-of-service (DoS) attack through improper handling of proxy headers. When Keycloak is configured to accept incoming proxy headers, it may accept non-IP values, such as obfuscated identifiers, without proper validation. This can lead to costly DNS resolution operations, which an attacker could exploit to tie up IO threads and potentially cause a denial of service.

The attacker must have access to send requests to a Keycloak instance that is configured to accept proxy headers, specifically when reverse proxies do not overwrite incoming headers, and Keycloak is configured to trust these headers.

For Keycloak version 26, for successful exploitation includes: the realm must have SslRequired=EXTERNAL (the default), HTTP must be enabled, the instance must not be using a full hostname URL, access must come from behind a proxy (assuming the proxy overwrites the X-Forwarded-For header), and trusted proxies must not be set or must incorrectly trust the client from which the request is originating.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 24.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-quarkus-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-quarkus-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "25.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "26.0.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-9666"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-11-25T19:39:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Keycloak versions 26 and earlier are vulnerable to a denial-of-service (DoS) attack through improper handling of proxy headers. When Keycloak is configured to accept incoming proxy headers, it may accept non-IP values, such as obfuscated identifiers, without proper validation. This can lead to costly DNS resolution operations, which an attacker could exploit to tie up IO threads and potentially cause a denial of service.\n\nThe attacker must have access to send requests to a Keycloak instance that is configured to accept proxy headers, specifically when reverse proxies do not overwrite incoming headers, and Keycloak is configured to trust these headers.\n\nFor Keycloak version 26, for successful exploitation includes: the realm must have SslRequired=EXTERNAL (the default), HTTP must be enabled, the instance must not be using a full hostname URL, access must come from behind a proxy (assuming the proxy overwrites the X-Forwarded-For header), and trusted proxies must not be set or must incorrectly trust the client from which the request is originating.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-jgwc-jh89-rpgq",
  "modified": "2024-11-25T19:39:12Z",
  "published": "2024-11-25T19:39:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-jgwc-jh89-rpgq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9666"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/issues/35216"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10175"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10176"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10177"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10178"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-9666"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2317440"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Keycloak proxy header handling Denial-of-Service (DoS) vulnerability"
}

Mitigation
Implementation

Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].

Mitigation
Implementation

Use only SSL communication.

Mitigation
Implementation

Terminate the client session after each request.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Turn all pages to non-cacheable.

CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling

An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.

CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling

An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.