Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-444
AllowedInconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.
627 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-9666 (GCVE-0-2024-9666)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-25 07:29 – Updated: 2026-08-31 00:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Org.keycloak/keycloak-quarkus-server: keycloak proxy header handling denial-of-service (dos) vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability was found in the Keycloak Server. The Keycloak Server is vulnerable to a denial of service (DoS) attack due to improper handling of proxy headers. When Keycloak is configured to accept incoming proxy headers, it may accept non-IP values, such as obfuscated identifiers, without proper validation. This issue can lead to costly DNS resolution operations, which an attacker could exploit to tie up IO threads and potentially cause a denial of service.
The attacker must have access to send requests to a Keycloak instance that is configured to accept proxy headers, specifically when reverse proxies do not overwrite incoming headers, and Keycloak is configured to trust these headers.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-25 17:14 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10175 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10176 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10177 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10178 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-9666 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2317440 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
10 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Affected:
0 , < 24.0.9
(semver)
Affected: 25.0.0 , < 26.0.6 (semver) |
|||
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 24 |
Unaffected:
24.0.9-1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:24::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 24 |
Unaffected:
24-18 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:24::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 24.0.9 |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:24
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0 |
Unaffected:
26.0.6-2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0 |
Unaffected:
26.0-5 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0 |
Unaffected:
26.0-6 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0.6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Build of Keycloak |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
|
Date Public
2024-11-21 16:45
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CVE-2024-9622 (GCVE-0-2024-9622)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-08 16:26 – Updated: 2025-11-21 07:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Resteasy-netty4-cdi: resteasy-netty4: resteasy-reactor-netty: http request smuggling leading to client timeouts in resteasy-netty4
Summary
A vulnerability was found in the resteasy-netty4 library arising from improper handling of HTTP requests using smuggling techniques. When an HTTP smuggling request with an ASCII control character is sent, it causes the Netty HttpObjectDecoder to transition into a BAD_MESSAGE state. As a result, any subsequent legitimate requests on the same connection are ignored, leading to client timeouts, which may impact systems using load balancers and expose them to risk.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-08 17:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-9622 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2317179 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://github.com/orgs/resteasy/discussions/4351 | |
| https://github.com/resteasy/resteasy |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Affected:
0 , < 6.2.10
(semver)
|
|||
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Data Grid 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
|
Date Public
2024-10-08 00:00
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CVE-2024-8912 (GCVE-0-2024-8912)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-11 18:22 – Updated: 2024-10-11 18:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTTP Request Smuggling in Looker
Summary
An HTTP Request Smuggling vulnerability in Looker allowed an unauthorized attacker to capture HTTP responses destined for legitimate users.
There are two Looker versions that are hosted by Looker:
* Looker (Google Cloud core) was found to be vulnerable. This issue has already been mitigated and our investigation has found no signs of exploitation.
* Looker (original) was not vulnerable to this issue.
Customer-hosted Looker instances were found to be vulnerable and must be upgraded.
This vulnerability has been patched in all supported versions of customer-hosted Looker, which are available on the Looker download page https://download.looker.com/ .
For Looker customer-hosted instances, please update to the latest supported version of Looker as soon as possible. The versions below have all been updated to protect from this vulnerability. You can download these versions at the Looker download page:
* 23.12 -> 23.12.123+
* 23.18 -> 23.18.117+
* 24.0 -> 24.0.92+
* 24.6 -> 24.6.77+
* 24.8 -> 24.8.66+
* 24.10 -> 24.10.78+
* 24.12 -> 24.12.56+
* 24.14 -> 24.14.37+
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-11 18:32 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Looker |
Affected:
23.12.0 , < 23.12.123
(custom)
Affected: 23.18.0 , < 23.18.117 (custom) Affected: 24.0.0 , < 24.0.92 (custom) Affected: 24.6.0 , < 24.6.77 (custom) Affected: 24.8.0 , < 24.8.66 (custom) Affected: 24.10.0 , < 24.10.78 (custom) Affected: 24.12.0 , < 24.12.56 (custom) Affected: 24.14.0 , < 24.14.37 (custom) |
||
| Looker |
Affected:
23.6 , ≤ 24.14
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-6827 (GCVE-0-2024-6827)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-20 10:09 – Updated: 2025-10-15 12:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTTP Request Smuggling in benoitc/gunicorn
Summary
Gunicorn version 21.2.0 does not properly validate the value of the 'Transfer-Encoding' header as specified in the RFC standards, which leads to the default fallback method of 'Content-Length,' making it vulnerable to TE.CL request smuggling. This vulnerability can lead to cache poisoning, data exposure, session manipulation, SSRF, XSS, DoS, data integrity compromise, security bypass, information leakage, and business logic abuse.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-20 17:52 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| benoitc | benoitc/gunicorn |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ latest
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-1135 (GCVE-0-2024-1135)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-16 00:00 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTTP Request Smuggling in benoitc/gunicorn
Summary
Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-04-19 17:32 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| benoitc | benoitc/gunicorn |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ latest
(custom)
|
|
| benoitc | gunicorn |
Affected:
*
cpe:2.3:a:benoitc:gunicorn:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2023-53878 (GCVE-0-2023-53878)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-15 20:28 – Updated: 2026-05-12 20:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Member Login Script 3.3 Client-Side Request Desynchronization Vulnerability
Summary
Member Login Script 3.3 contains a client-side desynchronization vulnerability that allows attackers to manipulate HTTP request handling by exploiting Content-Length header parsing. Attackers can send crafted POST requests with smuggled secondary requests to potentially bypass server-side request processing controls.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-15 21:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51710 | exploit |
| https://www.phpjabbers.com/member-login-script/ | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/member-login… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phpjabbers | Member Login Script |
Affected:
3.3
|
Date Public
2023-09-04 00:00
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CVE-2023-51701 (GCVE-0-2023-51701)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-08 13:55 – Updated: 2025-06-03 14:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
@fastify-reply-from JSON Content-Type parsing confusion
Summary
fastify-reply-from is a Fastify plugin to forward the current HTTP request to another server. A reverse proxy server built with `@fastify/reply-from` could misinterpret the incoming body by passing an header `ContentType: application/json ; charset=utf-8`. This can lead to bypass of security checks. This vulnerability has been patched in '@fastify/reply-from` version 9.6.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-08 15:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/rel… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| fastify | fastify-reply-from |
Affected:
< 9.6.0
|
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CVE-2023-49584 (GCVE-0-2023-49584)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-12 01:35 – Updated: 2025-05-24 10:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Client-Side Desynchronization vulnerability in SAP Fiori Launchpad
Summary
SAP Fiori launchpad - versions SAP_UI 750, SAP_UI 754, SAP_UI 755, SAP_UI 756, SAP_UI 757, SAP_UI 758, UI_700 200, SAP_BASIS 793, allows an attacker to use HTTP verb POST on read-only service causing low impact on Confidentiality of the application.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-24 10:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAP_SE | SAP Fiori Launchpad |
Affected:
SAP_UI 750
Affected: SAP_UI 754 Affected: SAP_UI 755 Affected: SAP_UI 756 Affected: SAP_UI 757 Affected: SAP_UI 758 Affected: UI_700 200 Affected: SAP_BASIS 793 |
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CVE-2023-47641 (GCVE-0-2023-47641)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-14 20:44 – Updated: 2025-11-03 20:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Inconsistent interpretation of `Content-Length` vs. `Transfer-Encoding` in aiohttp
Summary
aiohttp is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Affected versions of aiohttp have a security vulnerability regarding the inconsistent interpretation of the http protocol. HTTP/1.1 is a persistent protocol, if both Content-Length(CL) and Transfer-Encoding(TE) header values are present it can lead to incorrect interpretation of two entities that parse the HTTP and we can poison other sockets with this incorrect interpretation. A possible Proof-of-Concept (POC) would be a configuration with a reverse proxy(frontend) that accepts both CL and TE headers and aiohttp as backend. As aiohttp parses anything with chunked, we can pass a chunked123 as TE, the frontend entity will ignore this header and will parse Content-Length. The impact of this vulnerability is that it is possible to bypass any proxy rule, poisoning sockets to other users like passing Authentication Headers, also if it is present an Open Redirect an attacker could combine it to redirect random users to another website and log the request. This vulnerability has been addressed in release 3.8.0 of aiohttp. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-29 20:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/commit/f016f0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
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CVE-2023-47627 (GCVE-0-2023-47627)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-14 20:48 – Updated: 2025-11-03 20:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Request smuggling in aiohttp
Summary
aiohttp is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. The HTTP parser in AIOHTTP has numerous problems with header parsing, which could lead to request smuggling. This parser is only used when AIOHTTP_NO_EXTENSIONS is enabled (or not using a prebuilt wheel). These bugs have been addressed in commit `d5c12ba89` which has been included in release version 3.8.6. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for these issues.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-01-10 19:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
6 references
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"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-47627",
"options": [
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"Exploitation": "poc"
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{
"Automatable": "yes"
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{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
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"timestamp": "2024-01-10T19:22:18.504293Z",
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"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "aiohttp",
"vendor": "aio-libs",
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 3.8.6"
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"descriptions": [
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"lang": "en",
"value": "aiohttp is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. The HTTP parser in AIOHTTP has numerous problems with header parsing, which could lead to request smuggling. This parser is only used when AIOHTTP_NO_EXTENSIONS is enabled (or not using a prebuilt wheel). These bugs have been addressed in commit `d5c12ba89` which has been included in release version 3.8.6. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for these issues."
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],
"metrics": [
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"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
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"descriptions": [
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"cweId": "CWE-444",
"description": "CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (\u0027HTTP Request/Response Smuggling\u0027)",
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"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
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"name": "https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/security/advisories/GHSA-gfw2-4jvh-wgfg",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/security/advisories/GHSA-gfw2-4jvh-wgfg"
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"url": "https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/commit/d5c12ba890557a575c313bb3017910d7616fce3d"
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{
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VDKQ6HM3KNDU4OQI476ZWT4O7DMSIT35/"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WQYQL6WV535EEKSNH7KRARLLMOW5WXDM/"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FUSJVQ7OQ55RWL4XAX2F5EZ73N4ZSH6U/"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-gfw2-4jvh-wgfg",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
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"title": "Request smuggling in aiohttp"
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"cveId": "CVE-2023-47627",
"datePublished": "2023-11-14T20:48:48.076Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-11-07T16:57:49.244Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T20:36:06.806Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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Mitigation
Implementation
Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].
Mitigation
Implementation
Use only SSL communication.
Mitigation
Implementation
Terminate the client session after each request.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Turn all pages to non-cacheable.
CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling
An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling
An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.