Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-434
AllowedUnrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
5965 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XHQR-4QMF-WJM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-27 15:30 – Updated: 2024-02-27 15:30
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in osuuu LightPicture up to 1.2.2. Affected is an unknown function of the file /app/controller/Setup.php. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-254856.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1921"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-27T15:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in osuuu LightPicture up to 1.2.2. Affected is an unknown function of the file /app/controller/Setup.php. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-254856.",
"id": "GHSA-xhqr-4qmf-wjm3",
"modified": "2024-02-27T15:30:33Z",
"published": "2024-02-27T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1921"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://note.zhaoj.in/share/FeCRflSHPLbj"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.254856"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.254856"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XHQX-HW3W-P9Q3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-21 21:31 – Updated: 2025-03-21 21:31
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Best Church Management Software 1.0. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/app/soulwinning_crud.php. The manipulation of the argument photo/photo1 leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2606"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-21T21:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Best Church Management Software 1.0. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/app/soulwinning_crud.php. The manipulation of the argument photo/photo1 leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-xhqx-hw3w-p9q3",
"modified": "2025-03-21T21:31:39Z",
"published": "2025-03-21T21:31:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Hefei-Coffee/cve/issues/15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.300589"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.300589"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.517974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sourcecodester.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-XHX6-W3CJ-3336
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-09 21:31 – Updated: 2024-12-12 18:30
VLAI
Details
Kashipara E-learning Management System v1.0 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via File Upload in /teacher_avatar.php.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-54918"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-09T19:15:15Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Kashipara E-learning Management System v1.0 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via File Upload in /teacher_avatar.php.",
"id": "GHSA-xhx6-w3cj-3336",
"modified": "2024-12-12T18:30:54Z",
"published": "2024-12-09T21:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54918"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/m14r41/Writeups/blob/main/CVE/Kashipara/E-learning%20Management%20System%20project/RCE%20by%20File%20Upload%20-%20Update%20Avatar.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XHXQ-7Q2V-GRF4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:19 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:19
VLAI
Details
A file uploading vulnerability exists in /include/helpers/upload.helper.php in DedeCMS V5.7 SP2, which can be utilized by attackers to upload and execute arbitrary PHP code via the /dede/archives_do.php?dopost=uploadLitpic litpic parameter when "Content-Type: image/jpeg" is sent, but the filename ends in .php and contains PHP code.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10375"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-25T09:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A file uploading vulnerability exists in /include/helpers/upload.helper.php in DedeCMS V5.7 SP2, which can be utilized by attackers to upload and execute arbitrary PHP code via the /dede/archives_do.php?dopost=uploadLitpic litpic parameter when \"Content-Type: image/jpeg\" is sent, but the filename ends in .php and contains PHP code.",
"id": "GHSA-xhxq-7q2v-grf4",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:19:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:19:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10375"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ky-j/dedecms/issues/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XJ2G-MMX3-FQ3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-04 06:30 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31
VLAI
Details
File Upload vulnerability in Byzoro Networks Smart multi-service security gateway intelligent management platform version S210, allows an attacker to obtain sensitive information via the uploadfile.php component.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28520"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-04T06:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "File Upload vulnerability in Byzoro Networks Smart multi-service security gateway intelligent management platform version S210, allows an attacker to obtain sensitive information via the uploadfile.php component.",
"id": "GHSA-xj2g-mmx3-fq3p",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:36Z",
"published": "2024-04-04T06:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/aknbg1thub/cve/blob/main/upload.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XJ4C-7W4Q-9GWV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-06 21:30 – Updated: 2026-07-06 21:30
VLAI
Details
ArcGIS Server contains an unrestricted file upload vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could exploit this issue by uploading a crafted file to the affected endpoint. Successful exploitation could allow arbitrary file upload.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9182"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-06T19:17:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "ArcGIS Server contains an unrestricted file upload vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could exploit this issue by uploading a crafted file to the affected endpoint. Successful exploitation could allow arbitrary file upload.",
"id": "GHSA-xj4c-7w4q-9gwv",
"modified": "2026-07-06T21:30:39Z",
"published": "2026-07-06T21:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/arcgis-enterprise/administration/may-2026-arcgis-security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XJ6H-R3Q8-7CMF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:04
VLAI
Details
Nagios XI 5.7.5 and earlier allows authenticated admins to upload arbitrary files due to improper validation of the rename functionality in custom-includes component, which leads to remote code execution by uploading php files.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3277"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-07T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Nagios XI 5.7.5 and earlier allows authenticated admins to upload arbitrary files due to improper validation of the rename functionality in custom-includes component, which leads to remote code execution by uploading php files.",
"id": "GHSA-xj6h-r3q8-7cmf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:04:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:04:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3277"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://asaf.me/2021/01/21/nagios-xi-5-7-5-remote-code-execution"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-XJ7V-JQV6-V48W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-27 03:30
VLAI
Details
The Drag and Drop Multiple File Upload for Contact Form 7 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file upload in versions up to, and including, 1.3.9.6. This is due to insufficient file type validation that occurs when custom blacklist types are configured, which replaces the default dangerous extension denylist instead of merging with it, and the wpcf7_antiscript_file_name() sanitization function being bypassed for filenames containing non-ASCII characters. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files, such as PHP files, to the server, which can be leveraged to achieve remote code execution.
Severity
8.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5718"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-17T18:16:32Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Drag and Drop Multiple File Upload for Contact Form 7 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file upload in versions up to, and including, 1.3.9.6. This is due to insufficient file type validation that occurs when custom blacklist types are configured, which replaces the default dangerous extension denylist instead of merging with it, and the wpcf7_antiscript_file_name() sanitization function being bypassed for filenames containing non-ASCII characters. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files, such as PHP files, to the server, which can be leveraged to achieve remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-xj7v-jqv6-v48w",
"modified": "2026-05-27T03:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-04-17T18:31:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5718"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/drag-and-drop-multiple-file-upload-contact-form-7/tags/1.3.9.6/inc/dnd-upload-cf7.php#L62"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/drag-and-drop-multiple-file-upload-contact-form-7/tags/1.3.9.6/inc/dnd-upload-cf7.php#L883"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/drag-and-drop-multiple-file-upload-contact-form-7/tags/1.3.9.6/inc/dnd-upload-cf7.php#L970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/drag-and-drop-multiple-file-upload-contact-form-7/tags/1.3.9.6/inc/dnd-upload-cf7.php#L987"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3508522/drag-and-drop-multiple-file-upload-contact-form-7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3548901"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/38f95d40-a6d4-429c-9872-9d2531e942eb?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XJGH-84HX-56C5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:07 – Updated: 2025-10-22 17:30
VLAI
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Apache Tomcat
Details
When running Apache Tomcat versions 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.0, 8.5.0 to 8.5.22, 8.0.0.RC1 to 8.0.46 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.81 with HTTP PUTs enabled (e.g. via setting the readonly initialisation parameter of the Default servlet to false) it was possible to upload a JSP file to the server via a specially crafted request. This JSP could then be requested and any code it contained would be executed by the server.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.0M27"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0.M1"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.5.22"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.23"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.46"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.47"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.0.81"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.82"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.0M27"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0.M1"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.5.22"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.23"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.46"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.47"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.0.81"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.82"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-12617"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-01T21:20:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-04T01:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "When running Apache Tomcat versions 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.0, 8.5.0 to 8.5.22, 8.0.0.RC1 to 8.0.46 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.81 with HTTP PUTs enabled (e.g. via setting the readonly initialisation parameter of the Default servlet to false) it was possible to upload a JSP file to the server via a specially crafted request. This JSP could then be requested and any code it contained would be executed by the server.",
"id": "GHSA-xjgh-84hx-56c5",
"modified": "2025-10-22T17:30:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:07:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12617"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/a9dd96046d7acb0357c6b7b9e6cc70d186fae663"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/74ad0e216c791454a318c1811300469eedc5c6f3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/512a3c3aecdb52de092c6bacddd71b85c4feda06"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/506d862e7edfa991de198e0f2e4c4540830fa531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/4cf7dab88282c8f3c92f0b961cdb0096e1d63e88"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/46dfedbc0523d7182be97f4244d7b6c942164485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/327e8a6644e188764325a013aa2725a60f1b37e5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/31e99502e2c602449a2f8835bd23ade772b77333"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/24aea94807f940ee44aa550378dc903289039ddd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/b577f9a7996b92b650b1649af3c3bae11c120db9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/b7e0435d17aba69f16ae9e8a78ad0f1565b552af"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/bbcbb749c75056a2781f37038d63e646fe972104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/c177e9668d1278710bdb14c0eb8d2702b3655f5a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
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"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20171018-0002"
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"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
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"summary": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Apache Tomcat"
}
GHSA-XJHQ-7CQ7-M2MJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:41 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:41
VLAI
Details
Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in chat/sendfile.aspx in ReadyDesk 9.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading and requesting a .aspx file.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5050"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-08-26T19:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in chat/sendfile.aspx in ReadyDesk 9.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading and requesting a .aspx file.",
"id": "GHSA-xjhq-7cq7-m2mj",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:41:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:41:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5050"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/294272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92487"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
Implementation
When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.