Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

5969 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-VQRR-V7VG-QRP6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-10 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-10 21:31
VLAI
Details

An unrestricted file upload vulnerability exists in ProcessMaker versions prior to 3.5.4 due to improper handling of uploaded plugin archives. An attacker with administrative privileges can upload a malicious .tar plugin file containing arbitrary PHP code. Upon installation, the plugin’s install() method is invoked, resulting in execution of attacker-supplied PHP code on the server with the privileges of the web server user. This vulnerability can be chained with CVE-2022-38577 — a privilege escalation flaw in the user profile page — to achieve full remote code execution from a low-privileged account.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-34097"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-10T20:15:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An unrestricted file upload vulnerability exists in ProcessMaker versions prior to 3.5.4 due to improper handling of uploaded plugin archives. An attacker with administrative privileges can upload a malicious .tar plugin file containing arbitrary PHP code. Upon installation, the plugin\u2019s install() method is invoked, resulting in execution of attacker-supplied PHP code on the server with the privileges of the web server user.\u00a0This vulnerability can be chained with CVE-2022-38577 \u2014 a privilege escalation flaw in the user profile page \u2014 to achieve full remote code execution from a low-privileged account.",
  "id": "GHSA-vqrr-v7vg-qrp6",
  "modified": "2025-07-10T21:31:53Z",
  "published": "2025-07-10T21:31:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34097"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://process-maker-authenticated-plugin-upload-rce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/processmaker_plugin_upload.rb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vulncheck.com/advisories/process-maker-authenticated-plugin-upload-rce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.processmaker.net/3.0/Plugin_Development"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44399"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.fortiguard.com/encyclopedia/ips/45757"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VQVM-QRWH-69H7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-31 19:00 – Updated: 2022-11-01 20:37
VLAI
Summary
easyii CMS's File Upload Management vulnerable to unrestricted upload
Details

This issue affects the function file of the file helpers/Upload.php of the component File Upload Management. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "noumo/easyii"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-3771"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-31T22:56:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-31T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "This issue affects the function file of the file helpers/Upload.php of the component File Upload Management. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. ",
  "id": "GHSA-vqvm-qrwh-69h7",
  "modified": "2022-11-01T20:37:27Z",
  "published": "2022-10-31T19:00:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3771"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/noumo/easyii"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.212501"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "easyii CMS\u0027s File Upload Management vulnerable to unrestricted upload"
}

GHSA-VR3C-FGHG-PG6P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-25 09:31 – Updated: 2025-11-25 09:31
VLAI
Details

The ProjectList plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in all versions up to, and including, 0.3.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Editor-level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-13376"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-25T08:15:49Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The ProjectList plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in all versions up to, and including, 0.3.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Editor-level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site\u0027s server which may make remote code execution possible.",
  "id": "GHSA-vr3c-fghg-pg6p",
  "modified": "2025-11-25T09:31:24Z",
  "published": "2025-11-25T09:31:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13376"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/projectlist/tags/0.3.0/pages/pl-add.php#L27"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/projectlist/trunk/pages/pl-add.php#L27"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/781c3b84-df80-470e-8bcb-3305a8bbb64a?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VR57-F797-CQC5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:22 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:22
VLAI
Details

The avatar upload feature in affected versions of Atlassian Jira Server and Data Center allows remote attackers to achieve Denial of Service via a crafted PNG file. The affected versions are before version 8.5.4, from version 8.6.0 before 8.6.2, and from version 8.7.0 before 8.7.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-20897"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-07-13T01:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The avatar upload feature in affected versions of Atlassian Jira Server and Data Center allows remote attackers to achieve Denial of Service via a crafted PNG file. The affected versions are before version 8.5.4, from version 8.6.0 before 8.6.2, and from version 8.7.0 before 8.7.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-vr57-f797-cqc5",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:22:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:22:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-20897"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/JRASERVER-70813"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VR94-CCJH-XGJ7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-03-22 15:31
VLAI
Details

AnMing MP3 CD Burner 2.0 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability that allows local attackers to crash the application by supplying an oversized string. Attackers can paste a 6000-byte payload into the registration name field to trigger a denial of service condition.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-25616"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-22T14:16:30Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "AnMing MP3 CD Burner 2.0 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability that allows local attackers to crash the application by supplying an oversized string. Attackers can paste a 6000-byte payload into the registration name field to trigger a denial of service condition.",
  "id": "GHSA-vr94-ccjh-xgj7",
  "modified": "2026-03-22T15:31:28Z",
  "published": "2026-03-22T15:31:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-25616"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://files.downloadnow.com/s/software/10/56/16/74/anming_setup.zip?token=1556228877_063f2dc0aed064ee5d13374d8509661c\u0026fileName=anming_setup.zip"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46754"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/anming-mp3-cd-burner-local-denial-of-service"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ddz1977.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VRCP-29M9-49C3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-07 18:30 – Updated: 2025-01-07 21:30
VLAI
Details

An authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in Car Rental Management System v1.0 to v1.3 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-53345"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-07T16:15:35Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in Car Rental Management System v1.0 to v1.3 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted file.",
  "id": "GHSA-vrcp-29m9-49c3",
  "modified": "2025-01-07T21:30:55Z",
  "published": "2025-01-07T18:30:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53345"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ShadowByte1/CVE-2024-53345"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://car.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VRJ5-2CPP-XRHH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-20 09:32 – Updated: 2026-04-29 04:11
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Metasoft 美特软件 MetaCRM up to 6.4.2. Affected is an unknown function of the file /common/jsp/upload2.jsp. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-7878"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-20T09:15:23Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Metasoft \u7f8e\u7279\u8f6f\u4ef6 MetaCRM up to 6.4.2. Affected is an unknown function of the file /common/jsp/upload2.jsp. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-vrj5-2cpp-xrhh",
  "modified": "2026-04-29T04:11:28Z",
  "published": "2025-07-20T09:32:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7878"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FightingLzn9/vul/blob/main/MetaCRM6-Upload-5.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.316992"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.316992"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.611267"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VRPC-M6WC-W222

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:28 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:28
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in OFCMS before 1.1.3. Remote attackers can execute arbitrary code because blocking of .jsp and .jspx files does not consider (for example) file.jsp::$DATA to the admin/ueditor/uploadVideo URI.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-9613"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-03-06T22:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in OFCMS before 1.1.3. Remote attackers can execute arbitrary code because blocking of .jsp and .jspx files does not consider (for example) file.jsp::$DATA to the admin/ueditor/uploadVideo URI.",
  "id": "GHSA-vrpc-m6wc-w222",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:28:26Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:28:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9613"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.seebug.org/vuldb/ssvid-97834"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VRWG-Q62P-8QVC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-26 21:30 – Updated: 2024-03-26 21:30
VLAI
Details

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Elementor.Com Elementor Website Builder.This issue affects Elementor Website Builder: from 3.3.0 through 3.18.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-48777"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-26T21:15:52Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Elementor.Com Elementor Website Builder.This issue affects Elementor Website Builder: from 3.3.0 through 3.18.1.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-vrwg-q62p-8qvc",
  "modified": "2024-03-26T21:30:47Z",
  "published": "2024-03-26T21:30:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48777"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/elementor/wordpress-elementor-plugin-3-18-0-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VRWP-PC3F-V22W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-29 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-29 18:31
VLAI
Details

HaPe PKH 1.1 contains an arbitrary file upload vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to upload malicious files by bypassing file type validation. Attackers can upload PHP files through multiple endpoints including aksi_foto.php, aksi_user.php, and aksi_kecamatan.php to execute arbitrary code on the server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-25388"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-29T16:16:17Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "HaPe PKH 1.1 contains an arbitrary file upload vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to upload malicious files by bypassing file type validation. Attackers can upload PHP files through multiple endpoints including aksi_foto.php, aksi_user.php, and aksi_kecamatan.php to execute arbitrary code on the server.",
  "id": "GHSA-vrwp-pc3f-v22w",
  "modified": "2026-05-29T18:31:31Z",
  "published": "2026-05-29T18:31:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-25388"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sourceforge.net/projects/hape-pkh/files/latest/download"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45593"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/hape-pkh-arbitrary-file-upload-via-aksi-foto-php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.sitejo.id"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation
Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.