CWE-434
AllowedUnrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
5972 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RMP7-8H7W-9H3X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:15 – Updated: 2025-01-10 18:31KramerAV VIA GO² < 4.0.1.1326 is vulnerable to unauthenticated file upload resulting in Remote Code Execution (RCE).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33508"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-31T13:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "KramerAV VIA GO\u00b2 \u003c 4.0.1.1326 is vulnerable to unauthenticated file upload resulting in Remote Code Execution (RCE).",
"id": "GHSA-rmp7-8h7w-9h3x",
"modified": "2025-01-10T18:31:30Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T21:15:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33508"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://zxsecurity.co.nz/research/advisories/kramer-via-go-2-rce-and-other-vulns"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RMQ7-HQHV-M337
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-25 21:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:21An issue was discovered in Vocera Report Server and Voice Server 5.x through 5.8. There is Arbitrary File Upload. The BaseController class, that each of the service controllers derives from, allows for the upload of arbitrary files. If the HTTP request is a multipart/form-data POST request, any parameters with a filename entry will have their content written to a file in the Vocera upload-staging directory with the specified filename in the parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-46899"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-25T20:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Vocera Report Server and Voice Server 5.x through 5.8. There is Arbitrary File Upload. The BaseController class, that each of the service controllers derives from, allows for the upload of arbitrary files. If the HTTP request is a multipart/form-data POST request, any parameters with a filename entry will have their content written to a file in the Vocera upload-staging directory with the specified filename in the parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-rmq7-hqhv-m337",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:21:20Z",
"published": "2023-07-25T21:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46899"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.stryker.com/us/en/about/governance/cyber-security/product-security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.stryker.com/us/en/about/governance/cyber-security/product-security/vocera-report-server-vulnerabilities--cve-2022-46898--cve-2022-4.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RMQP-MVV2-54C6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-22 12:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 19:12Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Apache Answer. This issue affects Apache Answer through 1.2.1.
Pixel Flood Attack by uploading large pixel files will cause server out of memory. A logged-in user can cause such an attack by uploading an image when posting content.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.2.5, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/apache/incubator-answer"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22393"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-22T19:31:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-22T10:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Apache Answer. This issue affects Apache Answer through 1.2.1.\n\nPixel Flood Attack by uploading large pixel files will cause server out of memory. A logged-in user\u00a0can cause such an attack by uploading an image when posting content.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 1.2.5, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-rmqp-mvv2-54c6",
"modified": "2025-02-13T19:12:50Z",
"published": "2024-02-22T12:30:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22393"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/incubator-answer"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/f58l6dr4r74hl6o71gn47kmn44vw12cv"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/02/22/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Answer Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability"
}
GHSA-RMWG-QCCM-R36Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-20 15:31 – Updated: 2024-08-29 21:31An issue in Timo v.2.0.3 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the filetype restrictions in the UploadController.java component.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22824"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-20T15:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue in Timo v.2.0.3 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the filetype restrictions in the UploadController.java component.",
"id": "GHSA-rmwg-qccm-r36q",
"modified": "2024-08-29T21:31:01Z",
"published": "2024-02-20T15:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22824"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auntvt/Timo/issues/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RMWV-M4J7-FRQP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-01 00:31 – Updated: 2024-05-01 00:31A vulnerability has been found in SourceCodester Pisay Online E-Learning System 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /lesson/controller.php. The manipulation of the argument file leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-262489 was assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4349"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-30T23:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in SourceCodester Pisay Online E-Learning System 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /lesson/controller.php. The manipulation of the argument file leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-262489 was assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-rmwv-m4j7-frqp",
"modified": "2024-05-01T00:31:26Z",
"published": "2024-05-01T00:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4349"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CveSecLook/cve/issues/19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.262489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.262489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.324929"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RP2C-JRGP-CVR8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-16 15:32 – Updated: 2021-12-06 22:08This affects the package plupload before 2.3.9. A file name containing JavaScript code could be uploaded and run. An attacker would need to trick a user to upload this kind of file.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "plupload"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23562"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434",
"CWE-75"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-12-06T22:08:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-03T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This affects the package plupload before 2.3.9. A file name containing JavaScript code could be uploaded and run. An attacker would need to trick a user to upload this kind of file.",
"id": "GHSA-rp2c-jrgp-cvr8",
"modified": "2021-12-06T22:08:43Z",
"published": "2021-12-16T15:32:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23562"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moxiecode/plupload/commit/d12175d4b5fa799b994ee1bb17bfbeec55b386fb"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moxiecode/plupload"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moxiecode/plupload/blob/master/js/jquery.plupload.queue/jquery.plupload.queue.js%23L226"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARS-2306665"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSBOWER-2306663"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSBOWERGITHUBMOXIECODE-2306664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-PLUPLOAD-1583909"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Code injection in plupload"
}
GHSA-RP55-M83W-5X5H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-13 03:30 – Updated: 2025-10-13 03:30A security vulnerability has been detected in ProjectsAndPrograms School Management System up to 6b6fae5426044f89c08d0dd101c7fa71f9042a59. This impacts an unknown function of the file /assets/createNotice.php. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. This product uses a rolling release model to deliver continuous updates. As a result, specific version information for affected or updated releases is not available.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11657"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-13T03:15:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in ProjectsAndPrograms School Management System up to 6b6fae5426044f89c08d0dd101c7fa71f9042a59. This impacts an unknown function of the file /assets/createNotice.php. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. This product uses a rolling release model to deliver continuous updates. As a result, specific version information for affected or updated releases is not available.",
"id": "GHSA-rp55-m83w-5x5h",
"modified": "2025-10-13T03:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-10-13T03:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11657"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/qqy-123/cve/issues/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.328074"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.328074"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.665604"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RP57-P254-Q256
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:47 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:45Vulnerability in wordpress plugin mobile-friendly-app-builder-by-easytouch v3.0, The code in file ./mobile-friendly-app-builder-by-easytouch/server/images.php doesn't require authentication or check that the user is allowed to upload content.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1002000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-14T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in wordpress plugin mobile-friendly-app-builder-by-easytouch v3.0, The code in file ./mobile-friendly-app-builder-by-easytouch/server/images.php doesn\u0027t require authentication or check that the user is allowed to upload content.",
"id": "GHSA-rp57-p254-q256",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:45:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:47:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1002000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins-wp/mobile-friendly-app-builder-by-easytouch"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96899"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vapidlabs.com/advisory.php?v=179"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RP7M-4F5J-M5WJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-18 21:32 – Updated: 2025-11-19 18:31The Mozart FM Transmitter web management interface on version WEBMOZZI-00287, contains an unauthenticated file upload vulnerability in the /upload_file.php endpoint. An attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted POST request with a malicious file (e.g., a PHP webshell) to the server. The uploaded file is stored in the /upload/ directory, enabling remote code execution and full system compromise.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63228"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-18T20:15:48Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Mozart FM Transmitter web management interface on version WEBMOZZI-00287, contains an unauthenticated file upload vulnerability in the /upload_file.php endpoint. An attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted POST request with a malicious file (e.g., a PHP webshell) to the server. The uploaded file is stored in the /upload/ directory, enabling remote code execution and full system compromise.",
"id": "GHSA-rp7m-4f5j-m5wj",
"modified": "2025-11-19T18:31:19Z",
"published": "2025-11-18T21:32:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63228"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shiky8/my--cve-vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2025-63228_Mozart_FM_Transmitter_Unauthenticated_File_Upload"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dbbroadcast.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RP92-93HQ-C7Q8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-18 03:34 – Updated: 2024-08-08 18:31A vulnerability has been found in itsourcecode Pool of Bethesda Online Reservation System up to 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function uploadImage of the file /admin/mod_room/controller.php?action=add. The manipulation of the argument image leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-268825 was assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6084"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-18T01:15:20Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in itsourcecode Pool of Bethesda Online Reservation System up to 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function uploadImage of the file /admin/mod_room/controller.php?action=add. The manipulation of the argument image leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-268825 was assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-rp92-93hq-c7q8",
"modified": "2024-08-08T18:31:19Z",
"published": "2024-06-18T03:34:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6084"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Laster-dev/CVE/issues/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.268825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.268825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.358628"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-21
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.