CWE-434
AllowedUnrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
5971 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-R58F-77HP-PHCJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-08 15:32 – Updated: 2026-07-08 15:32Blocksy Companion Pro plugin for WordPress before 2.1.47 contains an unauthenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability that allows attackers to upload executable files by bypassing extension validation in the save_attachments function exposed through the Advanced Reviews feature. Attackers can exploit the Custom Fonts extension's flawed strpos() substring check by uploading double-extension filenames such as shell.woff2.php, causing the validation to pass on the substring match while the web server executes the file as PHP, achieving remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-58480"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-08T14:17:19Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Blocksy Companion Pro plugin for WordPress before 2.1.47 contains an unauthenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability that allows attackers to upload executable files by bypassing extension validation in the save_attachments function exposed through the Advanced Reviews feature. Attackers can exploit the Custom Fonts extension\u0027s flawed strpos() substring check by uploading double-extension filenames such as shell.woff2.php, causing the validation to pass on the substring match while the web server executes the file as PHP, achieving remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-r58f-77hp-phcj",
"modified": "2026-07-08T15:32:01Z",
"published": "2026-07-08T15:32:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58480"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/blocksy-companion/vulnerability/wordpress-blocksy-companion-plugin-2-1-46-unauthenticated-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/blocksy-companion"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/blocksy-companion-pro-unauthenticated-file-upload-via-save-attachments"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/wordpress-plugins/blocksy-companion/blocksy-companion-2146-unauthenticated-arbitrary-file-upload-via-blc-review-images-parameter"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-R596-3FX5-C4PG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:45 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:30The WooCommerce Checkout Manager plugin before 4.3 for WordPress allows media deletion via the wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=update_attachment_wccm wccm_default_keys_load parameter because of a nopriv_ registration and a lack of capabilities checks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11807"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-06T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The WooCommerce Checkout Manager plugin before 4.3 for WordPress allows media deletion via the wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=update_attachment_wccm wccm_default_keys_load parameter because of a nopriv_ registration and a lack of capabilities checks.",
"id": "GHSA-r596-3fx5-c4pg",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:30:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:45:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpvulndb.com/vulnerabilities/9262"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2019/05/unauthenticated-media-deletion-vulnerability-patched-in-woocommerce-checkout-manager-plugin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R5GM-4P5W-PQ2P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-01-16 22:17 – Updated: 2021-08-19 16:24class.upload.php in verot.net class.upload before 1.0.3 and 2.x before 2.0.4, as used in the K2 extension for Joomla! and other products, omits .phar from the set of dangerous file extensions.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "verot/class.upload.php"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "verot/class.upload.php"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-19576"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-01-16T22:17:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "class.upload.php in verot.net class.upload before 1.0.3 and 2.x before 2.0.4, as used in the K2 extension for Joomla! and other products, omits .phar from the set of dangerous file extensions.",
"id": "GHSA-r5gm-4p5w-pq2p",
"modified": "2021-08-19T16:24:46Z",
"published": "2020-01-16T22:17:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19576"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getk2/k2/commit/d1344706c4b74c2ae7659b286b5a066117155124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/verot/class.upload.php/commit/5a7505ddec956fdc9e9c071ae5089865559174f1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/verot/class.upload.php/commit/db1b4fe50c1754696970d8b437f07e7b94a7ebf2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jra89/CVE-2019-19576"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/verot/class.upload.php/compare/1.0.2...1.0.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/verot/class.upload.php/compare/2.0.3...2.0.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@jra8908/cve-2019-19576-e9da712b779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.verot.net"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.verot.net/php_class_upload.htm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155577/Verot-2.0.3-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Remote code execution in verot/class.upload.php"
}
GHSA-R5GW-2HVF-HR4W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-28 18:38 – Updated: 2024-11-28 18:38The Tumult Hype Animations plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the hypeanimations_panel() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.9.15. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11082"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-28T10:15:05Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Tumult Hype Animations plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the hypeanimations_panel() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.9.15. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site\u0027s server which may make remote code execution possible.",
"id": "GHSA-r5gw-2hvf-hr4w",
"modified": "2024-11-28T18:38:36Z",
"published": "2024-11-28T18:38:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11082"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tumult/hype-wordpress-plugin/commit/1702d3d4fd0fae9cb9fc40cdfc3dfb8584d5f04c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tumult-hype-animations/trunk/includes/adminpanel.php#L277"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3197761"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/tumult-hype-animations/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/be3a0b4b-cce5-4d78-99d5-697f2cf04427?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R5M2-89JG-5848
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-17 12:30 – Updated: 2024-03-17 12:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in 74CMS 3.28.0. Affected by this issue is the function sendCompanyLogo of the file /controller/company/Index.php#sendCompanyLogo of the component Company Logo Handler. The manipulation of the argument imgBase64 leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-257060.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2561"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-17T11:15:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in 74CMS 3.28.0. Affected by this issue is the function sendCompanyLogo of the file /controller/company/Index.php#sendCompanyLogo of the component Company Logo Handler. The manipulation of the argument imgBase64 leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-257060.",
"id": "GHSA-r5m2-89jg-5848",
"modified": "2024-03-17T12:30:38Z",
"published": "2024-03-17T12:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Southseast/9f5284d8ee0f6d91e72eef73b285512a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.257060"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.257060"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R5Q5-38R7-M6XX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-10 00:01An unrestricted file upload vulnerability in IdeaRE RefTree before 2021.09.17 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by using UploadDwg to upload a crafted aspx file to the web root, and then visiting the URL for this aspx resource.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27249"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-03T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An unrestricted file upload vulnerability in IdeaRE RefTree before 2021.09.17 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by using UploadDwg to upload a crafted aspx file to the web root, and then visiting the URL for this aspx resource.",
"id": "GHSA-r5q5-38r7-m6xx",
"modified": "2022-04-10T00:01:01Z",
"published": "2022-04-05T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27249"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.idearespa.eu"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/166559/IdeaRE-RefTree-Shell-Upload.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R5QV-83GW-6MGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:19In BlackCat CMS 1.2, backend/addons/install.php allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code via a ZIP archive that contains a .php file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-14050"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-31T04:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In BlackCat CMS 1.2, backend/addons/install.php allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code via a ZIP archive that contains a .php file.",
"id": "GHSA-r5qv-83gw-6mgp",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:19:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:19:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-14050"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/M4ple/vulnerability/blob/master/blackcat_cms_RCE3/blackcat_cms_RCE3.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R62P-GPRP-GVWW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:12 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:12Multiple vulnerabilities in the web UI and API endpoints of Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC) or Cisco Cloud APIC could allow a remote attacker to perform a command injection or file upload attack on an affected system. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1581"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-25T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the web UI and API endpoints of Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC) or Cisco Cloud APIC could allow a remote attacker to perform a command injection or file upload attack on an affected system. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.",
"id": "GHSA-r62p-gprp-gvww",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:12:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:12:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1581"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-capic-mdvul-HBsJBuvW"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R685-FVXG-XVJ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-26 00:31 – Updated: 2025-08-26 00:31A vulnerability was identified in GreenCMS up to 2.3.0603. This affects an unknown part of the file /index.php?m=admin&c=media&a=fileconnect. The manipulation of the argument upload[] leads to unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9415"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-25T19:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in GreenCMS up to 2.3.0603. This affects an unknown part of the file /index.php?m=admin\u0026c=media\u0026a=fileconnect. The manipulation of the argument upload[] leads to unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-r685-fvxg-xvj4",
"modified": "2025-08-26T00:31:14Z",
"published": "2025-08-26T00:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9415"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lan041221/cvec/issues/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.321258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.633847"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-R6JH-29F2-QHV2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-01 09:31 – Updated: 2026-06-01 09:31SOPlanning does not verify uploaded file extension. An authenticated attacker with access to the backup functionality can upload a crafted ZIP archive containing a legitimate user.csv file alongside a malicious file, which is extracted on the server. When combined with CVE-2026-40547 (Path Traversal), the malicious file (e.g., a PHP script) can be placed in a web-accessible location and executed via the browser.
This issue affects SOPlanning version 1.55 and below.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40548"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-01T09:16:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SOPlanning does not verify uploaded file extension. An authenticated attacker with access to the backup functionality can upload a crafted ZIP archive containing a legitimate user.csv file alongside a malicious file, which is extracted on the server. When combined with CVE-2026-40547 (Path Traversal), the malicious file (e.g., a PHP script) can be placed in a web-accessible location and executed via the browser.\n\nThis issue affects SOPlanning version 1.55 and below.",
"id": "GHSA-r6jh-29f2-qhv2",
"modified": "2026-06-01T09:31:13Z",
"published": "2026-06-01T09:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40548"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/06/CVE-2026-40543"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.soplanning.org/en"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-21
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.