CWE-434
AllowedUnrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
5969 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-P27C-8RQ4-39CJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:35The Tightrope Media Carousel digital signage product 7.0.4.104 contains an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Manage Bulletins/Upload feature, which can be leveraged to gain remote code execution. An authenticated attacker can upload a crafted ZIP file (based on an exported backup of existing "Bulletins") containing a malicious file. When uploaded, the system only checks for the presence of the needed files within the ZIP and, as long as the malicious file is named properly, will extract all contained files to a new directory on the system, named with a random GUID. The attacker can determine this GUID by previewing an image from the uploaded Bulletin within the web UI. Once the GUID is determined, the attacker can navigate to the malicious file and execute it. In testing, an ASPX web shell was uploaded, allowing for remote-code execution in the context of a restricted IIS user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-18930"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-29T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Tightrope Media Carousel digital signage product 7.0.4.104 contains an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Manage Bulletins/Upload feature, which can be leveraged to gain remote code execution. An authenticated attacker can upload a crafted ZIP file (based on an exported backup of existing \"Bulletins\") containing a malicious file. When uploaded, the system only checks for the presence of the needed files within the ZIP and, as long as the malicious file is named properly, will extract all contained files to a new directory on the system, named with a random GUID. The attacker can determine this GUID by previewing an image from the uploaded Bulletin within the web UI. Once the GUID is determined, the attacker can navigate to the malicious file and execute it. In testing, an ASPX web shell was uploaded, allowing for remote-code execution in the context of a restricted IIS user.",
"id": "GHSA-p27c-8rq4-39cj",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:35:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:00:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.drewgreen.net/vulnerabilities-in-tightrope-media-systems-carousel"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P27J-QF57-7CM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-12 12:30 – Updated: 2025-07-12 12:30The AIT CSV import/export plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the /wp-content/plugins/ait-csv-import-export/admin/upload-handler.php file in versions up to, and including, 3.0.3. This makes it possible for unauthorized attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected sites server which may make remote code execution possible.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36849"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-12T12:15:25Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The AIT CSV import/export plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the /wp-content/plugins/ait-csv-import-export/admin/upload-handler.php file in versions up to, and including, 3.0.3. This makes it possible for unauthorized attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected sites server which may make remote code execution possible.",
"id": "GHSA-p27j-qf57-7cm7",
"modified": "2025-07-12T12:30:20Z",
"published": "2025-07-12T12:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36849"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master//modules/exploits/multi/http/wp_ait_csv_rce.rb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/wp_ait_csv_rce.rb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/36e699a4-91f2-426d-ba14-26036fbfeaea"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.acunetix.com/vulnerabilities/web/wordpress-plugin-ait-themes-csv-import-export-arbitrary-file-upload-3-0-3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ait-themes.club/wordpress-plugins/csv-import-export"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/cece751c-400d-42b4-9438-950d5aca51fc?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P29W-9J4H-G34X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-12 00:30 – Updated: 2024-01-18 21:30File Upload vulnerability PMB v.7.4.8 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code and escalate privileges via a crafted PHP file uploaded to the start_import.php file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-46474"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-11T22:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "File Upload vulnerability PMB v.7.4.8 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code and escalate privileges via a crafted PHP file uploaded to the start_import.php file.",
"id": "GHSA-p29w-9j4h-g34x",
"modified": "2024-01-18T21:30:28Z",
"published": "2024-01-12T00:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46474"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Xn2/CVE-2023-46474"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://pmb.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2CQ-GH8C-83CC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-23 09:31 – Updated: 2026-02-23 09:31A weakness has been identified in FastApiAdmin up to 2.2.0. Affected by this issue is the function download_controller of the file /backend/app/api/v1/module_common/file/controller.py of the component Download Endpoint. This manipulation of the argument file_path causes information disclosure. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2976"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-23T07:16:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in FastApiAdmin up to 2.2.0. Affected by this issue is the function download_controller of the file /backend/app/api/v1/module_common/file/controller.py of the component Download Endpoint. This manipulation of the argument file_path causes information disclosure. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-p2cq-gh8c-83cc",
"modified": "2026-02-23T09:31:23Z",
"published": "2026-02-23T09:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CC-T-454455/Vulnerabilities/tree/master/fastapi-admin/vulnerability-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347360"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.347360"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.756089"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2F6-5M4H-HG2M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-14 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-17 19:00Wedding Planner v1.0 was discovered to contain an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the component /admin/users_add.php. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PHP file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41539"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-14T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Wedding Planner v1.0 was discovered to contain an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the component /admin/users_add.php. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PHP file.",
"id": "GHSA-p2f6-5m4h-hg2m",
"modified": "2022-10-17T19:00:28Z",
"published": "2022-10-14T12:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41539"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gougou123-hash/bug_report/blob/main/vendors/pushpam02/wedding-planner/RCE-2.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2H6-WJR5-7MX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-25 09:31 – Updated: 2025-04-25 09:31Quantum StorNext Web GUI API before 7.2.4 allows potential Arbitrary Remote Code Execution (RCE) via upload of a file. This affects StorNext RYO before 7.2.4, StorNext Xcellis Workflow Director before 7.2.4, and ActiveScale Cold Storage.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-46616"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-25T07:15:48Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Quantum StorNext Web GUI API before 7.2.4 allows potential Arbitrary Remote Code Execution (RCE) via upload of a file. This affects StorNext RYO before 7.2.4, StorNext Xcellis Workflow Director before 7.2.4, and ActiveScale Cold Storage.",
"id": "GHSA-p2h6-wjr5-7mx4",
"modified": "2025-04-25T09:31:49Z",
"published": "2025-04-25T09:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.quantum.com/en/service-support/security-bulletins/stornext-gui-multiple-security-vulnerabilities-stornext-gui-multiple-security-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2H8-G3QW-GM52
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-02 03:30 – Updated: 2026-01-02 03:30A vulnerability has been found in EmpireSoft EmpireCMS up to 8.0. Impacted is the function CheckSaveTranFiletype of the file e/class/connect.php. Such manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15423"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-02T03:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in EmpireSoft EmpireCMS up to 8.0. Impacted is the function CheckSaveTranFiletype of the file e/class/connect.php. Such manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-p2h8-g3qw-gm52",
"modified": "2026-01-02T03:30:22Z",
"published": "2026-01-02T03:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15423"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://note-hxlab.wetolink.com/share/28QXRLje7Uz1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://note-hxlab.wetolink.com/share/28QXRLje7Uz1#-span--strong-proof-of-concept---strong---span-"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.339345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.339345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.721346"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2P2-VFXX-R5RP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-23 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in ELEXtensions ELEX WordPress HelpDesk & Customer Ticketing System allows Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server. This issue affects ELEX WordPress HelpDesk & Customer Ticketing System: from n/a through 3.2.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47658"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-23T13:15:42Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in ELEXtensions ELEX WordPress HelpDesk \u0026 Customer Ticketing System allows Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server. This issue affects ELEX WordPress HelpDesk \u0026 Customer Ticketing System: from n/a through 3.2.7.",
"id": "GHSA-p2p2-vfxx-r5rp",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:16Z",
"published": "2025-05-23T15:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47658"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/elex-helpdesk-customer-support-ticket-system/vulnerability/wordpress-elex-wordpress-helpdesk-customer-ticketing-system-3-2-7-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2R4-QH4V-QVH7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-21 21:31 – Updated: 2025-03-21 21:31A vulnerability was found in phplaozhang LzCMS-LaoZhangBoKeXiTong up to 1.1.4. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/upload/upimage.html of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2607"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-21T21:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in phplaozhang LzCMS-LaoZhangBoKeXiTong up to 1.1.4. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/upload/upimage.html of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-p2r4-qh4v-qvh7",
"modified": "2025-03-21T21:31:39Z",
"published": "2025-03-21T21:31:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2607"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Jingyi-u/lzcms/tree/main"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.300590"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.300590"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.518021"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2RH-7RP4-9W6W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:02A file upload vulnerability was discovered in the file path /bl-plugins/backup/plugin.php on Bludit version 3.12.0. If an attacker is able to gain Administrator rights they will be able to use unsafe plugins to upload a backup file and control the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-23765"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-21T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A file upload vulnerability was discovered in the file path /bl-plugins/backup/plugin.php on Bludit version 3.12.0. If an attacker is able to gain Administrator rights they will be able to use unsafe plugins to upload a backup file and control the server.",
"id": "GHSA-p2rh-7rp4-9w6w",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:02:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-23765"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bludit/bludit/issues/1218"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-21
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.