CWE-434
AllowedUnrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
5971 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MG6W-2HGG-4V3G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-01 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:44File upload vulnerability in Antabot White-Jotter v0.2.2, allows remote attackers to execute malicious code via the file parameter to function coversUpload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29635"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-01T16:15:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "File upload vulnerability in Antabot White-Jotter v0.2.2, allows remote attackers to execute malicious code via the file parameter to function coversUpload.",
"id": "GHSA-mg6w-2hgg-4v3g",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:44:50Z",
"published": "2023-05-01T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Antabot/White-Jotter/issues/157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Antabot/White-Jotter/blob/c1c5d66fda090b986b8f46a7132d403e3b038c5d/wj/src/main/java/com/gm/wj/controller/LibraryController.java#L63"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MG6X-3JW5-MH6J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-17 18:31 – Updated: 2025-09-17 18:31A flaw has been found in SourceCodester Online Exam Form Submission 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /register.php. This manipulation of the argument img causes unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10600"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-17T17:15:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in SourceCodester Online Exam Form Submission 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /register.php. This manipulation of the argument img causes unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-mg6x-3jw5-mh6j",
"modified": "2025-09-17T18:31:18Z",
"published": "2025-09-17T18:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/qcycop0101-hash/CVE/issues/18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.324620"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.324620"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.649541"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sourcecodester.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-MG7H-MGJW-MG5G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-05 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-05 15:31An arbitrary file upload vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products due to improper input validation in the CarbonAppUploader admin service endpoint. An authenticated attacker with appropriate privileges can upload a malicious file to a user-controlled location on the server, potentially leading to remote code execution (RCE).
This functionality is restricted by default to admin users; therefore, successful exploitation requires valid credentials with administrative permissions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3125"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-05T15:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An arbitrary file upload vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products due to improper input validation in the CarbonAppUploader admin service endpoint. An authenticated attacker with appropriate privileges can upload a malicious file to a user-controlled location on the server, potentially leading to remote code execution (RCE).\n\nThis functionality is restricted by default to admin users; therefore, successful exploitation requires valid credentials with administrative permissions.",
"id": "GHSA-mg7h-mgjw-mg5g",
"modified": "2025-11-05T15:31:05Z",
"published": "2025-11-05T15:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2025/WSO2-2025-3961"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MG88-VR9F-RG8P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-10 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-09 09:31A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Beijing Baichuo Smart S45F Multi-Service Secure Gateway Intelligent Management Platform up to 20230928. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /sysmanage/updatelib.php. The manipulation of the argument file_upload leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-241643. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5491"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-10T15:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Beijing Baichuo Smart S45F Multi-Service Secure Gateway Intelligent Management Platform up to 20230928. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /sysmanage/updatelib.php. The manipulation of the argument file_upload leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-241643. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-mg88-vr9f-rg8p",
"modified": "2024-04-09T09:31:08Z",
"published": "2023-10-10T15:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5491"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/llixixi/cve/blob/main/s45_upload_changelogo.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.241643"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.241643"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.213948"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MGFJ-PW53-G28V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-19 18:32 – Updated: 2024-08-19 18:32Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Bit Apps Bit Form Pro allows Command Injection.This issue affects Bit Form Pro: from n/a through 2.6.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43249"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-19T18:15:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Bit Apps Bit Form Pro allows Command Injection.This issue affects Bit Form Pro: from n/a through 2.6.4.",
"id": "GHSA-mgfj-pw53-g28v",
"modified": "2024-08-19T18:32:08Z",
"published": "2024-08-19T18:32:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43249"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/bitformpro/wordpress-bit-form-pro-plugin-2-6-4-authenticated-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MGG8-GQ8G-GQ88
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 15:30 – Updated: 2026-06-12 15:30Amasty Order Attributes for Magento 2 before version 4.0.0 contains an unauthenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to write arbitrary files to the store's media directory by submitting files of any type or name to the upload endpoint without authentication, session validation, or cart context. Attackers can upload PHP files to achieve remote code execution on servers where the media directory permits PHP execution, or alternatively enable malware hosting, stored cross-site scripting via HTML or SVG uploads, and path traversal to write files outside the intended upload directory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53787"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T15:16:31Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Amasty Order Attributes for Magento 2 before version 4.0.0 contains an unauthenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to write arbitrary files to the store\u0027s media directory by submitting files of any type or name to the upload endpoint without authentication, session validation, or cart context. Attackers can upload PHP files to achieve remote code execution on servers where the media directory permits PHP execution, or alternatively enable malware hosting, stored cross-site scripting via HTML or SVG uploads, and path traversal to write files outside the intended upload directory.",
"id": "GHSA-mgg8-gq8g-gq88",
"modified": "2026-06-12T15:30:36Z",
"published": "2026-06-12T15:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53787"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://amasty.com/order-attributes-for-magento-2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sansec.io/research/amasty-order-attributes-file-upload"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/amasty-order-attributes-for-magento-2-unauthenticated-arbitrary-file-upload"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-MGH6-FF9G-G8RX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-03 09:32 – Updated: 2025-06-03 09:32The Bit File Manager – 100% Free & Open Source File Manager and Code Editor for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via SVG File uploads in all versions up to, and including, 6.7 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses the SVG file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1725"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-03T09:15:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Bit File Manager \u2013 100% Free \u0026 Open Source File Manager and Code Editor for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via SVG File uploads in all versions up to, and including, 6.7 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses the SVG file.",
"id": "GHSA-mgh6-ff9g-g8rx",
"modified": "2025-06-03T09:32:06Z",
"published": "2025-06-03T09:32:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1725"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/file-manager/tags/6.6.3/backend/app/Http/Controllers/FileManagerController.php#L112"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/84ddb481-f989-4ba8-9925-e8327c30de38?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MGJ5-J889-643M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-17 18:31 – Updated: 2024-07-17 18:31A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to upload arbitrary files to an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need at least valid Policy Admin credentials on the affected device.
This vulnerability is due to improper validation of files that are uploaded to the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by uploading arbitrary files to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to store malicious files on the system, execute arbitrary commands on the operating system, and elevate privileges to root.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-20296"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-17T17:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to upload arbitrary files to an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need at least valid Policy Admin credentials on the affected device.\n\n This vulnerability is due to improper validation of files that are uploaded to the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by uploading arbitrary files to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to store malicious files on the system, execute arbitrary commands on the operating system, and elevate privileges to root.",
"id": "GHSA-mgj5-j889-643m",
"modified": "2024-07-17T18:31:00Z",
"published": "2024-07-17T18:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ise-file-upload-krW2TxA9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MGP2-V3XV-X9V3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-01 21:31 – Updated: 2025-08-01 21:31An unrestricted file upload vulnerability exists in MiniWeb HTTP Server <= Build 300 that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to upload arbitrary files to the server’s filesystem. By abusing the upload handler and crafting a traversal path, an attacker can place a malicious .exe in system32, followed by a .mof file in the WMI directory. This triggers execution of the payload with SYSTEM privileges via the Windows Management Instrumentation service. The exploit is only viable on Windows versions prior to Vista.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-10047"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-01T21:15:26Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An unrestricted file upload vulnerability exists in MiniWeb HTTP Server \u003c= Build 300 that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to upload arbitrary files to the server\u2019s filesystem. By abusing the upload handler and crafting a traversal path, an attacker can place a malicious .exe in system32, followed by a .mof file in the WMI directory. This triggers execution of the payload with SYSTEM privileges via the Windows Management Instrumentation service. The exploit is only viable on Windows versions prior to Vista.",
"id": "GHSA-mgp2-v3xv-x9v3",
"modified": "2025-08-01T21:31:06Z",
"published": "2025-08-01T21:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-10047"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/master/modules/exploits/windows/http/miniweb_upload_wbem.rb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceforge.net/projects/miniweb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/27607"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/miniweb-arbitrary-file-upload"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-MGQ8-CGRR-Q7FJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-10 00:00A vulnerability in ${"freemarker.template.utility.Execute"?new() of UJCMS Jspxcms v10.2.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via uploading malicious files.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23329"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-04T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in ${\"freemarker.template.utility.Execute\"?new() of UJCMS Jspxcms v10.2.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via uploading malicious files.",
"id": "GHSA-mgq8-cgrr-q7fj",
"modified": "2022-02-10T00:00:50Z",
"published": "2022-02-10T00:00:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23329"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/jspxcms/Jspxcms/issues/I4QAZN"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-21
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.