CWE-434
AllowedUnrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
5996 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-HV4F-RF4X-3PG2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-28 09:32 – Updated: 2025-01-28 09:32The ThemeREX Addons plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the 'trx_addons_uploads_save_data' function in all versions up to, and including, 2.32.3. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13448"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-28T07:15:06Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The ThemeREX Addons plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the \u0027trx_addons_uploads_save_data\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 2.32.3. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site\u0027s server which may make remote code execution possible.",
"id": "GHSA-hv4f-rf4x-3pg2",
"modified": "2025-01-28T09:32:33Z",
"published": "2025-01-28T09:32:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13448"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://themeforest.net/item/qwery-multipurpose-business-wordpress-theme/29678687"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/7c1372bd-821d-439c-9b11-dfa5f08dd0dd?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HV4H-276C-JJQX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-18 15:31 – Updated: 2025-04-18 15:31A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SourceCodester Web-based Pharmacy Product Management System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /add-product.php. The manipulation of the argument Avatar leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3783"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-18T06:15:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SourceCodester Web-based Pharmacy Product Management System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /add-product.php. The manipulation of the argument Avatar leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-hv4h-276c-jjqx",
"modified": "2025-04-18T15:31:37Z",
"published": "2025-04-18T15:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3783"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yaklang/IRifyScanResult/blob/main/Web-based%20Pharmacy%20Product%20Management%20System/upload_in_add-product.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.305605"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.305605"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.553723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sourcecodester.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-HV53-3329-VMRM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-04 19:39 – Updated: 2026-02-04 19:39Impact
A vulnerability in the Merge node's SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server's filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution.
Patches
The issue has been fixed in n8n version 2.4.0, 1.118.0. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:
- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.
- Disable or restrict use of the Merge node if not essential for operations.
- Review workflows for suspicious use of the Merge node's SQL Query mode.
These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
Resources
- n8n Documentation — Blocking nodes — how to globally disable specific nodes
n8n has adopted CVSS 4.0 as primary score for all security advisories. CVSS 3.1 vector strings are provided for backwards compatibility.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.118.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25056"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-04T19:39:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-04T17:16:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "## Impact\n\nA vulnerability in the Merge node\u0027s SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server\u0027s filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution.\n\n## Patches\n\nThe issue has been fixed in n8n version 2.4.0, 1.118.0. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:\n\n- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.\n- Disable or restrict use of the Merge node if not essential for operations.\n- Review workflows for suspicious use of the Merge node\u0027s SQL Query mode.\n\nThese workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.\n\n## **Resources**\n\n- [n8n Documentation \u2014 Blocking nodes](https://docs.n8n.io/hosting/securing/blocking-nodes/)\u00a0\u2014 how to globally disable specific nodes\n\n\n---\nn8n has adopted CVSS 4.0 as primary score for all security advisories. CVSS 3.1 vector strings are provided for backwards compatibility. \n\nCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"id": "GHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm",
"modified": "2026-02-04T19:39:41Z",
"published": "2026-02-04T19:39:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25056"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "n8n Merge Node has Arbitrary File Write leading to RCE"
}
GHSA-HV6F-36RR-R48J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:47 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:47The EFBP_verify_upload_file AJAX action of the Easy Form Builder WordPress plugin through 1.0, available to authenticated users, does not have any security in place to verify uploaded files, allowing low privilege users to upload arbitrary files, leading to RCE.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-24224"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-12T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The EFBP_verify_upload_file AJAX action of the Easy Form Builder WordPress plugin through 1.0, available to authenticated users, does not have any security in place to verify uploaded files, allowing low privilege users to upload arbitrary files, leading to RCE.",
"id": "GHSA-hv6f-36rr-r48j",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:47:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:47:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-24224"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jinhuang1102/CVE-ID-Reports/blob/e4c33529b20fa70e3a764ff9b1125839fb9900b5/Easy%20Form%20Builder.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/ed0c054b-54bf-4df8-9015-c76704c93484"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-HV78-CWP4-8R7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-31 22:22 – Updated: 2026-03-31 22:22Details
The application's restore function allows users to upload a .zip file, which is then automatically extracted. A PHP file inside the archive is included using require_once without validating or restricting the filename. An attacker can craft a malicious PHP file within the zip and achieve arbitrary code execution when it is included.
Vector: Malicious ZIP upload + insecure require_once
PoC
- Restore backup
- Load file shell (insecure
require_once)
Impact
Remote Code Execution (RCE)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.2.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "baserproject/basercms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32957"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-31T22:22:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-31T01:16:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Details\nThe application\u0027s restore function allows users to upload a `.zip` file, which is then automatically extracted. A PHP file inside the archive is included using `require_once` without validating or restricting the filename. An attacker can craft a malicious PHP file within the zip and achieve arbitrary code execution when it is included.\n\nVector: Malicious ZIP upload + insecure `require_once`\n\n### PoC\n1. Restore backup\n \n1. Load file shell (insecure `require_once`)\n \n \n\n### Impact\nRemote Code Execution (RCE)",
"id": "GHSA-hv78-cwp4-8r7r",
"modified": "2026-03-31T22:22:18Z",
"published": "2026-03-31T22:22:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/baserproject/basercms/security/advisories/GHSA-hv78-cwp4-8r7r"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32957"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://basercms.net/security/JVN_20837860"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/baserproject/basercms"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/baserproject/basercms/releases/tag/5.2.3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "baserCMS has Unsafe File Upload Leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE)"
}
GHSA-HV85-4FR5-FJHC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-19 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33The File Away plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to a missing capability check and missing file type validation in the upload() function in all versions up to, and including, 3.9.9.0.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2512"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-19T12:15:14Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The File Away plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to a missing capability check and missing file type validation in the upload() function in all versions up to, and including, 3.9.9.0.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site\u0027s server which may make remote code execution possible.",
"id": "GHSA-hv85-4fr5-fjhc",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:51Z",
"published": "2025-03-19T12:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2512"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/whattheslime/file-away-exploit?tab=readme-ov-file"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/file-away/trunk/lib/cls/class.fileaway_management.php#L1094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/file-away/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/9a93313d-a5d7-4109-93c5-b2da26e7a486?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HVF2-XJ9X-5GRV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-27 12:30 – Updated: 2024-10-27 12:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in SourceCodester Online Hotel Reservation System 1.0. Affected by this issue is the function upload of the file /guest/update.php. The manipulation of the argument image leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10413"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-27T10:15:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in SourceCodester Online Hotel Reservation System 1.0. Affected by this issue is the function upload of the file /guest/update.php. The manipulation of the argument image leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-hvf2-xj9x-5grv",
"modified": "2024-10-27T12:30:29Z",
"published": "2024-10-27T12:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10413"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/K1nako0/tmp_vuln11/blob/main/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.281954"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.281954"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.431595"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sourcecodester.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-HVHX-QHMQ-CPJP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-09 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-14 00:01PineApp - Mail Secure - The attacker must be logged in as a user to the Pineapp system. The attacker exploits the vulnerable nicUpload.php file to upload a malicious file,Thus taking over the server and running remote code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36719"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-08T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PineApp - Mail Secure - The attacker must be logged in as a user to the Pineapp system. The attacker exploits the vulnerable nicUpload.php file to upload a malicious file,Thus taking over the server and running remote code.",
"id": "GHSA-hvhx-qhmq-cpjp",
"modified": "2021-12-14T00:01:30Z",
"published": "2021-12-09T00:00:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36719"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gov.il/en/departments/faq/cve_advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-HVR2-RRR8-Q8R2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-13 06:30 – Updated: 2024-12-10 09:31SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence Platform allows an authenticated attacker to upload malicious code over the network, that could be executed by the application. On successful exploitation, the attacker can cause a low impact on the Integrity of the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41731"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-13T04:15:08Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence\nPlatform allows an authenticated attacker to upload malicious code over the\nnetwork, that could be executed by the application. On successful exploitation,\nthe attacker can cause a low impact on the Integrity of the application.",
"id": "GHSA-hvr2-rrr8-q8r2",
"modified": "2024-12-10T09:31:18Z",
"published": "2024-08-13T06:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41731"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3433545"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3515653"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HW3P-W6G3-VFR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-19 09:30 – Updated: 2023-02-27 18:32A vulnerability has been found in codeprojects Pharmacy Management System 1.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file add.php of the component Avatar Image Handler. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-221494 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0918"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-19T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in codeprojects Pharmacy Management System 1.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file add.php of the component Avatar Image Handler. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-221494 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-hw3p-w6g3-vfr2",
"modified": "2023-02-27T18:32:03Z",
"published": "2023-02-19T09:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0918"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.0xgabe.com/?p=71"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.221494"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.221494"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-21
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.