CWE-434
AllowedUnrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
6009 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9J68-H6GP-G4C7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-07 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:38An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in /admin.php?c=upload of phpok v6.4.100 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PHP file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33601"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-07T02:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in /admin.php?c=upload of phpok v6.4.100 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PHP file.",
"id": "GHSA-9j68-h6gp-g4c7",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:38:53Z",
"published": "2023-06-07T03:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/phpok/phpok/issues/I72D24"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9JPG-HMW8-9RX6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:42bludit version 3.0.0 contains a Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Content Upload in Pages Editor that can result in Remote Command Execution. This attack appear to be exploitable via malicious user have to upload a crafted payload containing PHP code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1000811"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-20T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "bludit version 3.0.0 contains a Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Content Upload in Pages Editor that can result in Remote Command Execution. This attack appear to be exploitable via malicious user have to upload a crafted payload containing PHP code.",
"id": "GHSA-9jpg-hmw8-9rx6",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:42:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:42:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1000811"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bludit/bludit/issues/812"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46060"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9JPW-F7GQ-PV94
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-18 06:30 – Updated: 2025-11-18 06:30The Gravity Forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the legacy chunked upload mechanism in all versions up to, and including, 2.9.21.1. This is due to the extension blacklist not including .phar files, which can be uploaded through the chunked upload mechanism. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload executable .phar files and achieve remote code execution on the server, granted they can discover or enumerate the upload path. In order for an attacker to achieve RCE, the web server needs to be set up to process .phar file as PHP via file handler mapping or similar.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-12974"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-18T04:15:43Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Gravity Forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the legacy chunked upload mechanism in all versions up to, and including, 2.9.21.1. This is due to the extension blacklist not including .phar files, which can be uploaded through the chunked upload mechanism. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload executable .phar files and achieve remote code execution on the server, granted they can discover or enumerate the upload path. In order for an attacker to achieve RCE, the web server needs to be set up to process .phar file as PHP via file handler mapping or similar.",
"id": "GHSA-9jpw-f7gq-pv94",
"modified": "2025-11-18T06:30:25Z",
"published": "2025-11-18T06:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.gravityforms.com/gravityforms-change-log"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pronamic/gravityforms/blob/06de1b7e169e4f073e9d0d491e17b89365b48c20/common/common.php#L4178"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pronamic/gravityforms/blob/06de1b7e169e4f073e9d0d491e17b89365b48c20/includes/upload.php#L97"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b6395439-da45-4b64-8e30-b106dffd46c1?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9JQP-827W-WPMW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-15 09:30 – Updated: 2024-10-15 09:30Enterprise Cloud Database from Ragic does not properly validate the file type for uploads. Attackers with regular privileges can upload a webshell and use it to execute arbitrary code on the remote server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9985"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-15T09:15:04Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Enterprise Cloud Database from Ragic does not properly validate the file type for uploads. Attackers with regular privileges can upload a webshell and use it to execute arbitrary code on the remote server.",
"id": "GHSA-9jqp-827w-wpmw",
"modified": "2024-10-15T09:30:32Z",
"published": "2024-10-15T09:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9985"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-8153-1120e-2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-8152-09e81-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9JQV-QFM9-JP2Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-03 09:30 – Updated: 2026-02-03 09:30The OS DataHub Maps plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to incorrect file type validation in the 'OS_DataHub_Maps_Admin::add_file_and_ext' function in all versions up to, and including, 1.8.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1730"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-03T08:16:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The OS DataHub Maps plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to incorrect file type validation in the \u0027OS_DataHub_Maps_Admin::add_file_and_ext\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 1.8.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site\u0027s server which may make remote code execution possible.",
"id": "GHSA-9jqv-qfm9-jp2q",
"modified": "2026-02-03T09:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-02-03T09:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/os-datahub-maps/trunk/include/osmap-admin.php?rev=3449192#L51"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/os-datahub-maps/trunk/include/osmap-admin.php?rev=3449192#L67"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/os-datahub-maps/trunk/os-datahub-maps.php?rev=3449192#L87"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3452323/os-datahub-maps"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c32ba2a0-a9a7-4f17-8169-912cecc40b7b?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9M2C-327V-GGHQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-11 06:30 – Updated: 2025-02-11 18:31The Zarinpal Paid Download WordPress plugin through 2.3 does not properly validate uploaded files, allowing high privilege users such as admin to upload arbitrary files on the server even when they should not be allowed to (for example in multisite setup)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13544"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-11T06:15:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Zarinpal Paid Download WordPress plugin through 2.3 does not properly validate uploaded files, allowing high privilege users such as admin to upload arbitrary files on the server even when they should not be allowed to (for example in multisite setup)",
"id": "GHSA-9m2c-327v-gghq",
"modified": "2025-02-11T18:31:33Z",
"published": "2025-02-11T06:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13544"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/91884263-62a7-436e-b19f-682b1aeb37d6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9M86-PMXW-268G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-07 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-24 09:31A vulnerability was identified in projectworlds Online Notes Sharing Platform 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /dashboard/userprofile.php. Such manipulation of the argument image leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-12862"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-07T17:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in projectworlds Online Notes Sharing Platform 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /dashboard/userprofile.php. Such manipulation of the argument image leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.",
"id": "GHSA-9m86-pmxw-268g",
"modified": "2026-02-24T09:31:15Z",
"published": "2025-11-07T18:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12862"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/K1nakoo/cve/blob/main/tmp74/report.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.331509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.331509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.679802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.748850"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9MGH-GGPG-9HQ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-26 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-26 21:31The User Frontend: AI Powered Frontend Posting, User Directory, Profile, Membership & User Registration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to incorrect file type validation in the 'WPUF_Admin_Settings::check_filetype_and_ext' function and in the 'Admin_Tools::check_filetype_and_ext' function in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.8. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1565"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-26T20:31:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The User Frontend: AI Powered Frontend Posting, User Directory, Profile, Membership \u0026 User Registration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to incorrect file type validation in the \u0027WPUF_Admin_Settings::check_filetype_and_ext\u0027 function and in the \u0027Admin_Tools::check_filetype_and_ext\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.8. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site\u0027s server which may make remote code execution possible.",
"id": "GHSA-9mgh-ggpg-9hq5",
"modified": "2026-02-26T21:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-02-26T21:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1565"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-user-frontend/trunk/admin/class-admin-settings.php?rev=3448772#L571"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-user-frontend/trunk/admin/class-admin-settings.php?rev=3448772#L600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-user-frontend/trunk/includes/Admin/Admin_Tools.php?rev=3448772#L444"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-user-frontend/trunk/includes/Admin/Admin_Tools.php?rev=3448772#L537"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3468395/wp-user-frontend/trunk/includes/Admin/Admin_Tools.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/2c358cbe-7600-43a1-94a3-1530cdb5a9f3?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9MH6-G99M-PPCW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-01 21:20 – Updated: 2025-10-01 21:37Overview
In applications built with the Auth0-PHP SDK, the Bulk User Import endpoint does not validate the file path wrapper or value. Without proper validation, affected applications may accept arbitrary file paths or URLs.
Am I affected?
You are affected by this vulnerability if you meet the following preconditions: 1. Applications using the Auth0-PHP SDK, versions between v3.3.0 and v8.16.0, or 2. Applications using the following SDKs that rely on the Auth0-PHP SDK versions between v3.3.0 and v8.16.0: a. Auth0/symfony, b. Auth0/laravel-auth0, c. Auth0/wordpress.
Fix
Upgrade Auth0/Auth0-PHP to version 8.17.0 or greater.
Acknowledgement
Okta would like to thank Mohamed Amine Saidani (pwni) for discovering this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.16.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "auth0/auth0-php"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.17.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58769"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-01T21:20:45Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-01T20:18:38Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Overview\nIn applications built with the Auth0-PHP SDK, the Bulk User Import endpoint does not validate the file path wrapper or value. Without proper validation, affected applications may accept arbitrary file paths or URLs.\n\n### Am I affected?\nYou are affected by this vulnerability if you meet the following preconditions:\n1. Applications using the Auth0-PHP SDK, versions between v3.3.0 and v8.16.0, or\n2. Applications using the following SDKs that rely on the Auth0-PHP SDK versions between v3.3.0 and v8.16.0:\na. Auth0/symfony,\nb. Auth0/laravel-auth0,\nc. Auth0/wordpress.\n\n### Fix\nUpgrade Auth0/Auth0-PHP to version 8.17.0 or greater.\n\n### Acknowledgement\nOkta would like to thank Mohamed Amine Saidani (pwni) for discovering this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-9mh6-g99m-ppcw",
"modified": "2025-10-01T21:37:31Z",
"published": "2025-10-01T21:20:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/auth0-PHP/security/advisories/GHSA-9mh6-g99m-ppcw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/laravel-auth0/security/advisories/GHSA-hjfh-5jmm-xr24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/symfony/security/advisories/GHSA-7jp2-5h22-m432"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/wordpress/security/advisories/GHSA-w22c-pw5m-482x"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58769"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/auth0-PHP/commit/9026da58f5c381cd4cb5932de829eff6eacbb65c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/auth0-PHP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/auth0-PHP/releases/tag/8.17.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "auth0-PHP SDK Does Not Properly Handle File Types in Bulk User Import"
}
GHSA-9MMF-C22V-7FQP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:17PHPFusion 9.03.110 is affected by an arbitrary file upload vulnerability. The File Manager function in admin panel does not filter all PHP extensions such as ".php, .php7, .phtml, .php5, ...". An attacker can upload a malicious file and execute code on the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40188"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-11T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHPFusion 9.03.110 is affected by an arbitrary file upload vulnerability. The File Manager function in admin panel does not filter all PHP extensions such as \".php, .php7, .phtml, .php5, ...\". An attacker can upload a malicious file and execute code on the server.",
"id": "GHSA-9mmf-c22v-7fqp",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:17:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:17:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40188"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PHPFusion/PHPFusion/issues/2372"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-21
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.