CWE-434
AllowedUnrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
6008 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-8MX5-WVH2-FVMF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-03 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:06The file upload functionality is not implemented correctly and allows uploading of any type of file. As a prerequisite, it is necessary for the attacker to log into the application with a valid username.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4097"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-03T11:15:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The file upload functionality is not implemented correctly and allows uploading of any type of file. As a prerequisite, it is necessary for the attacker to log into the application with a valid username.",
"id": "GHSA-8mx5-wvh2-fvmf",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:06:19Z",
"published": "2023-10-03T12:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4097"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-idm-sistemas-qsige"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8MXM-MXMW-HJRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-10 00:30 – Updated: 2025-01-28 21:30An unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type vulnerability exists in Avalanche versions 6.3.x and below that could allow an attacker to achieve a remove code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28128"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-09T22:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type vulnerability exists in Avalanche versions 6.3.x and below that could allow an attacker to achieve a remove code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-8mxm-mxmw-hjrg",
"modified": "2025-01-28T21:30:59Z",
"published": "2023-05-10T00:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28128"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/ZDI-CAN-17812-Ivanti-Avalanche-FileStoreConfig-Arbitrary-File-Upload-Remote-Code-Execution-Vulnerability?language=en_US"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstorm.news/files/id/172398"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/172398/Ivanti-Avalanche-FileStoreConfig-Shell-Upload.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8P2H-8VGW-6JMP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-16 15:32 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Fliperrr Team Creates 3D Flipbook, PDF Flipbook allows Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server.This issue affects Creates 3D Flipbook, PDF Flipbook: from n/a through 1.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-48034"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-16T14:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Fliperrr Team Creates 3D Flipbook, PDF Flipbook allows Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server.This issue affects Creates 3D Flipbook, PDF Flipbook: from n/a through 1.2.",
"id": "GHSA-8p2h-8vgw-6jmp",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:01Z",
"published": "2024-10-16T15:32:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-48034"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/create-flipbook-from-pdf/vulnerability/wordpress-creates-3d-flipbook-pdf-flipbook-plugin-1-2-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/create-flipbook-from-pdf/wordpress-creates-3d-flipbook-pdf-flipbook-plugin-1-2-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8P2M-96J6-H5P5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-14 18:30 – Updated: 2024-11-14 18:30parisneo/lollms-webui version 9.6 is vulnerable to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Open Redirect due to inadequate input validation and processing of SVG files during the upload process. The XSS vulnerability allows attackers to embed malicious JavaScript code within SVG files, which is executed upon rendering, leading to potential credential theft and unauthorized data access. The Open Redirect vulnerability arises from insufficient URL validation within SVG files, enabling attackers to redirect users to malicious websites, thereby exposing them to phishing attacks, malware distribution, and reputation damage. These vulnerabilities are present in the application's functionality to send files to the AI module.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5125"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-14T18:15:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "parisneo/lollms-webui version 9.6 is vulnerable to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Open Redirect due to inadequate input validation and processing of SVG files during the upload process. The XSS vulnerability allows attackers to embed malicious JavaScript code within SVG files, which is executed upon rendering, leading to potential credential theft and unauthorized data access. The Open Redirect vulnerability arises from insufficient URL validation within SVG files, enabling attackers to redirect users to malicious websites, thereby exposing them to phishing attacks, malware distribution, and reputation damage. These vulnerabilities are present in the application\u0027s functionality to send files to the AI module.",
"id": "GHSA-8p2m-96j6-h5p5",
"modified": "2024-11-14T18:30:39Z",
"published": "2024-11-14T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parisneo/lollms-webui/commit/9b0f6c4ad1b9a2cd3466dcefaa278df30feed67e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/e6ae8cfd-9f8b-41df-a0cc-1e7a47416995"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8P56-4VPW-2JVC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-21 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-21 18:31Seeyon OA A8 contains an unauthenticated arbitrary file write vulnerability in the /seeyon/htmlofficeservlet endpoint that allows remote attackers to write arbitrary files to the web application root by sending specially crafted POST requests with custom base64-encoded payloads. Attackers can write JSP webshells to the web root and execute them through the web server to achieve arbitrary OS command execution with web server privileges. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2021-03-26 (UTC).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-25714"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-21T17:16:20Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Seeyon OA A8 contains an unauthenticated arbitrary file write vulnerability in the /seeyon/htmlofficeservlet endpoint that allows remote attackers to write arbitrary files to the web application root by sending specially crafted POST requests with custom base64-encoded payloads. Attackers can write JSP webshells to the web root and execute them through the web server to achieve arbitrary OS command execution with web server privileges.\u00a0Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2021-03-26 (UTC).",
"id": "GHSA-8p56-4vpw-2jvc",
"modified": "2026-04-21T18:31:57Z",
"published": "2026-04-21T18:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-25714"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceforge.net/software/product/A8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://static-aliyun-doc.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/download/pdf/90916/Security_Notification_reseller_en-US.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190821034711/http://wyb0.com/posts/2019/seeyon-htmlofficeservlet-getshell"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.96.mk/Web%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/%E8%87%B4%E8%BF%9Coa/%E8%87%B4%E8%BF%9C%20OA%20A8%20htmlofficeservlet%20getshell%20%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.broadcom.com/support/security-center/attacksignatures/detail?asid=31713"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.fortiguard.com/encyclopedia/ips/48874/seeyon-office-anywhere-htmlofficeservlet-arbitrary-file-upload"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/seeyon-office-anywhere-oa-a8-unauthenticated-arbitrary-file-write-via-htmlofficeservlet"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8P7C-2MVG-G9V9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-10 03:30 – Updated: 2024-07-10 03:30The Advanced File Manager Shortcodes plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads in all versions up to, and including, 2.5.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with contributor access or above to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-7061"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-10T02:15:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Advanced File Manager Shortcodes plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads in all versions up to, and including, 2.5.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with contributor access or above to upload arbitrary files on the affected site\u0027s server which may make remote code execution possible.",
"id": "GHSA-8p7c-2mvg-g9v9",
"modified": "2024-07-10T03:30:35Z",
"published": "2024-07-10T03:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advancedfilemanager.com/product/file-manager-advanced-shortcode-wordpress"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/26050f70-7a10-4df5-acd5-1c9e7613bf2c?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8P85-WJP4-3W4M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-23 21:31OpenSourcePOS 3.4.1 contains a Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability in the Sales.php::getInvoice() function. An attacker can read arbitrary files on the web server by manipulating the Invoice Type configuration. This issue can be chained with the file upload functionality to achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-26746"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-20T17:25:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "OpenSourcePOS 3.4.1 contains a Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability in the Sales.php::getInvoice() function. An attacker can read arbitrary files on the web server by manipulating the Invoice Type configuration. This issue can be chained with the file upload functionality to achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE).",
"id": "GHSA-8p85-wjp4-3w4m",
"modified": "2026-02-23T21:31:24Z",
"published": "2026-02-20T18:31:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26746"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hungnqdz/CVE-2026-26746/blob/main/CVE-2026-26746.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/opensourcepos/opensourcepos"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8P8P-M5G8-PR5H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-20 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-21 19:01In Simple Exam Reviewer Management System v1.0 the User List function suffers from insecure file upload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42198"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-20T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Simple Exam Reviewer Management System v1.0 the User List function suffers from insecure file upload.",
"id": "GHSA-8p8p-m5g8-pr5h",
"modified": "2022-10-21T19:01:10Z",
"published": "2022-10-20T19:00:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42198"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ciph0x01/Simple-Exam-Reviewer-Management-System-CVE/blob/main/CVE-2022-42198.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sourcecodester.com/php/15160/simple-exam-reviewer-management-system-phpoop-free-source-code.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8P92-V8GG-GVCV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-25 15:31 – Updated: 2026-02-25 15:31A vulnerability was identified in feiyuchuixue sz-boot-parent up to 1.3.2-beta. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /api/admin/sys-file/upload of the component API Endpoint. Such manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. Upgrading to version 1.3.3-beta can resolve this issue. The name of the patch is aefaabfd7527188bfba3c8c9eee17c316d094802. Upgrading the affected component is recommended. The project was informed beforehand and acted very professional: "We have introduced a whitelist restriction on the /api/admin/sys-file/upload endpoint via the oss.allowedExts and oss.allowedMimeTypes configuration options, allowing the specification of permitted file extensions and MIME types for uploads."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3187"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-25T15:20:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in feiyuchuixue sz-boot-parent up to 1.3.2-beta. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /api/admin/sys-file/upload of the component API Endpoint. Such manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. Upgrading to version 1.3.3-beta can resolve this issue. The name of the patch is aefaabfd7527188bfba3c8c9eee17c316d094802. Upgrading the affected component is recommended. The project was informed beforehand and acted very professional: \"We have introduced a whitelist restriction on the /api/admin/sys-file/upload endpoint via the oss.allowedExts and oss.allowedMimeTypes configuration options, allowing the specification of permitted file extensions and MIME types for uploads.\"",
"id": "GHSA-8p92-v8gg-gvcv",
"modified": "2026-02-25T15:31:43Z",
"published": "2026-02-25T15:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3187"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/feiyuchuixue/sz-boot-parent/commit/aefaabfd7527188bfba3c8c9eee17c316d094802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/feiyuchuixue/sz-boot-parent"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/feiyuchuixue/sz-boot-parent/releases/tag/v1.3.3-beta"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yuccun/CVE/blob/main/sz-boot-parent-Arbitrary_File_Upload.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347745"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.347745"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.754038"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8P96-WCGC-FX6F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-07 18:30 – Updated: 2023-04-14 15:30A vulnerability has been found in SourceCodester Online Computer and Laptop Store 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/?page=user of the component Avatar Handler. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-225319.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-1942"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-07T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in SourceCodester Online Computer and Laptop Store 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/?page=user of the component Avatar Handler. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-225319.",
"id": "GHSA-8p96-wcgc-fx6f",
"modified": "2023-04-14T15:30:28Z",
"published": "2023-04-07T18:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1942"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/boyi0508/Online-Computer-and-Laptop-Store/blob/main/Upload%20any%20file%20at%20the%20administrator%20profile%20upload%20location.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.225319"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.225319"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-21
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.