CWE-434
AllowedUnrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
6008 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7PXG-6P87-8C9V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:33 – Updated: 2025-02-10 20:43Magento versions 2.4.0 and 2.3.5p1 (and earlier) are affected by an unsafe file upload vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution. This vulnerability could be abused by authenticated users with administrative permissions to the System/Data and Transfer/Import components.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.4.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/project-community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-24407"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-13T21:54:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-09T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Magento versions 2.4.0 and 2.3.5p1 (and earlier) are affected by an unsafe file upload vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution. This vulnerability could be abused by authenticated users with administrative permissions to the System/Data and Transfer/Import components.",
"id": "GHSA-7pxg-6p87-8c9v",
"modified": "2025-02-10T20:43:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:33:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24407"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/magento/magento2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb20-59.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Magento 2 Community Edition RCE via Unsafe File Upload"
}
GHSA-7Q29-7PVM-C7H3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-12 03:30 – Updated: 2025-03-12 03:30A vulnerability was found in LoveCards LoveCardsV2 up to 2.3.2 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /api/upload/image. The manipulation of the argument file leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2219"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-12T01:15:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in LoveCards LoveCardsV2 up to 2.3.2 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /api/upload/image. The manipulation of the argument file leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-7q29-7pvm-c7h3",
"modified": "2025-03-12T03:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-03-12T03:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ctf-n0el4kls.notion.site/LoveCardsV2-Unauthentication-to-RCE-Vulnerability-19841990f44780de8263c1f77a007a83"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.299291"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.299291"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7Q2J-GH72-PJRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:37 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:37A file-upload vulnerability exists in Rukovoditel 2.3.1. index.php?module=configuration/save allows the user to upload a background image, and mishandles extension checking. It accepts uploads of PHP content if the first few characters match GIF data, and the filename ends in ".php" with mixed case, such as the .pHp extension.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-20166"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-02T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A file-upload vulnerability exists in Rukovoditel 2.3.1. index.php?module=configuration/save allows the user to upload a background image, and mishandles extension checking. It accepts uploads of PHP content if the first few characters match GIF data, and the filename ends in \".php\" with mixed case, such as the .pHp extension.",
"id": "GHSA-7q2j-gh72-pjrj",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:37:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:37:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20166"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pentest.com.tr/exploits/Rukovoditel-Project-Management-CRM-2-3-1-Authenticated-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46011"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7Q2X-3FFC-JF9Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-25 00:01 – Updated: 2022-03-05 00:00WatchGuard Firebox and XTM appliances allow an authenticated remote attacker with unprivileged credentials to upload files to arbitrary locations. This vulnerability impacts Fireware OS before 12.7.2_U2, 12.x before 12.1.3_U8, and 12.2.x through 12.5.x before 12.5.9_U2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25360"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-24T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "WatchGuard Firebox and XTM appliances allow an authenticated remote attacker with unprivileged credentials to upload files to arbitrary locations. This vulnerability impacts Fireware OS before 12.7.2_U2, 12.x before 12.1.3_U8, and 12.2.x through 12.5.x before 12.5.9_U2.",
"id": "GHSA-7q2x-3ffc-jf9q",
"modified": "2022-03-05T00:00:59Z",
"published": "2022-02-25T00:01:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25360"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.watchguard.com/support/release-notes/fireware/12/en-US/EN_ReleaseNotes_Fireware_12_7_2/index.html#Fireware/en-US/resolved_issues.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-7Q44-R25X-WM4Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-06-22 15:17 – Updated: 2021-06-30 18:13PHPMailer 6.4.1 contains a possible remote code execution vulnerability through the $lang_path parameter of the setLanguage() method. If the $lang_path parameter is passed unfiltered from user input, it can be set to a UNC path, and if an attacker is also able to create a remote mount on the server that the UNC path points to, a script file under their control may be executed.
Impact
Arbitrary code may be run by a remote attacker under the web server or PHP process running on Window hosts.
Patches
Mitigated in PHPMailer 6.5.0 by no longer treating translation files as PHP code, but by parsing their text content directly. This approach avoids the possibility of executing unknown code while retaining backward compatibility. This isn't ideal, so the current translation format is deprecated and will be replaced in the next major release.
Workarounds
Any of:
* Ensure that calling code does not pass unfiltered user-supplied data to the $lang_path parameter of the setLanguage() method.
* Block or filter the use of unknown UNC paths in this parameter (or altogether).
* Ensure that unauthorised users do not have the ability to read from unknown remote servers via UNC paths.
* Run on an OS that does not support UNC paths
References
Reported by listensec.com via Tidelift.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in PHPMailer * Email the maintainers
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpmailer/phpmailer"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.5.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-34551"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-06-16T19:50:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-16T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHPMailer 6.4.1 contains a possible remote code execution vulnerability through the `$lang_path` parameter of the `setLanguage()` method. If the `$lang_path` parameter is passed unfiltered from user input, it can be set to [a UNC path](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/io/file-path-formats#unc-paths), and if an attacker is also able to create a remote mount on the server that the UNC path points to, a script file under their control may be executed. \n\n### Impact\nArbitrary code may be run by a remote attacker under the web server or PHP process running on Window hosts.\n\n### Patches\nMitigated in PHPMailer 6.5.0 by no longer treating translation files as PHP code, but by parsing their text content directly.\nThis approach avoids the possibility of executing unknown code while retaining backward compatibility. This isn\u0027t ideal, so the current translation format is deprecated and will be replaced in the next major release.\n\n### Workarounds\nAny of:\n* Ensure that calling code does not pass unfiltered user-supplied data to the `$lang_path` parameter of the `setLanguage()` method.\n* Block or filter the use of unknown UNC paths in this parameter (or altogether).\n* Ensure that unauthorised users do not have the ability to read from unknown remote servers via UNC paths.\n* Run on an OS that does not support UNC paths\n\n### References\n[CVE-2021-34551](https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2021-34551).\n\nReported by [listensec.com](https://listensec.com) via Tidelift.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [PHPMailer](https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer)\n* [Email the maintainers](mailto:phpmailer@synchromedia.co.uk)\n",
"id": "GHSA-7q44-r25x-wm4q",
"modified": "2021-06-30T18:13:17Z",
"published": "2021-06-22T15:17:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer/security/advisories/GHSA-7q44-r25x-wm4q"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34551"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer/commit/acd264bf17ff4ac5c915f0d4226dce8a9ea70bc3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/phpmailer/phpmailer/CVE-2021-34551.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer/blob/master/SECURITY.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer/releases/tag/v6.5.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3YRMWGA4VTMXFB22KICMB7YMFZNFV3EJ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FJYSOFCUBS67J3TKR74SD3C454N7VTYM"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Remote Code Execution vulnerability in PHPMailer 6.4.1 running on Windows"
}
GHSA-7Q5R-4P6J-QJ2H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:56 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:56SeaCMS 6.64 allows arbitrary directory listing via upload/admin/admin_template.php?path=../templets/../../ requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16821"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-21T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SeaCMS 6.64 allows arbitrary directory listing via upload/admin/admin_template.php?path=../templets/../../ requests.",
"id": "GHSA-7q5r-4p6j-qj2h",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:56:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:56:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16821"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blog.51cto.com/13770310/2177212"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.seacms.net/thread-6249-1-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7Q5X-7VH4-2297
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:08 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:08The HTTP API in Prismview System 9 11.10.17.00 and Prismview Player 11 13.09.1100 allows remote code execution by uploading RebootSystem.lnk and requesting /REBOOTSYSTEM or /RESTARTVNC. (Authentication is required but an XML file containing credentials can be downloaded.)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-20451"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-02-10T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The HTTP API in Prismview System 9 11.10.17.00 and Prismview Player 11 13.09.1100 allows remote code execution by uploading RebootSystem.lnk and requesting /REBOOTSYSTEM or /RESTARTVNC. (Authentication is required but an XML file containing credentials can be downloaded.)",
"id": "GHSA-7q5x-7vh4-2297",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:08:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:08:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-20451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/47535"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-7Q8P-CPX9-R2CF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-07 18:30 – Updated: 2024-01-07 18:30A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in DeDeCMS up to 5.7.112. Affected is an unknown function of the file file_class.php of the component Backend. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-249768. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-7212"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-07T17:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in DeDeCMS up to 5.7.112. Affected is an unknown function of the file file_class.php of the component Backend. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-249768. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-7q8p-cpx9-r2cf",
"modified": "2024-01-07T18:30:28Z",
"published": "2024-01-07T18:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7212"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hmxwjm7x03.feishu.cn/docx/FPjhdYcQvocR4gxy34Rc0pmon5e?from=from_copylink"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.249768"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.249768"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7Q98-WG4P-5V7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-11 12:30 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:31The Joomla extension RSFiles is vulnerable to an unauthenticated arbitrary file upload that allows uploading executable files and leads to full RCE.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-57827"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-11T10:16:34Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Joomla extension RSFiles is vulnerable to an unauthenticated arbitrary file upload that allows uploading executable files and leads to full RCE.",
"id": "GHSA-7q98-wg4p-5v7g",
"modified": "2026-07-14T21:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-07-11T12:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57827"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mysites.guru/blog/rsfiles-unauthenticated-file-upload-rce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rsjoomla.com/joomla-extensions/joomla-download-manager.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:A/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Red",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7QQ9-3QXM-9G2F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-03 00:01 – Updated: 2022-06-12 00:00An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Add File function of TPCMS v3.2 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PHP file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29624"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-02T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Add File function of TPCMS v3.2 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PHP file.",
"id": "GHSA-7qq9-3qxm-9g2f",
"modified": "2022-06-12T00:00:46Z",
"published": "2022-06-03T00:01:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/happy_source/tpcms"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/happy_source/tpcms/issues/I533KY"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-21
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.