Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

5969 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-2VH8-37V3-CRFV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-01 00:00 – Updated: 2022-10-05 00:00
VLAI
Details

Billing System Project v1.0 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the component /php_action/createProduct.php.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41437"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-30T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Billing System Project v1.0 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the component /php_action/createProduct.php.",
  "id": "GHSA-2vh8-37v3-crfv",
  "modified": "2022-10-05T00:00:39Z",
  "published": "2022-10-01T00:00:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41437"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/chi645190147/bug_report/blob/main/vendors/mayuri_k/billing-system-project/RCE-1.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2VJC-5WCF-G24V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-30 12:30 – Updated: 2025-11-26 15:34
VLAI
Details

Due to client-controlled permission check parameter, PAD CMS's photo upload functionality allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to upload files of any type and extension without restriction, which can then be executed leading to Remote Code Execution. This issue affects all 3 templates: www, bip and ww+bip.

This product is End-Of-Life and producent will not publish patches for this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-7065"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-30T11:37:43Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Due to client-controlled permission check parameter, PAD CMS\u0027s photo upload functionality allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to upload files of any type and extension without restriction, which can then be executed leading to Remote Code Execution. This issue affects all 3 templates: www, bip and ww+bip.\n\nThis product is End-Of-Life and producent will not publish patches for this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-2vjc-5wcf-g24v",
  "modified": "2025-11-26T15:34:09Z",
  "published": "2025-09-30T12:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7065"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2025/09/CVE-2025-7063"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2VP2-MMFJ-GW73

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-16 12:30 – Updated: 2025-01-16 12:30
VLAI
Details

The Admin and Customer Messages After Order for WooCommerce: OrderConvo plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to limited file uploads due to insufficient file type validation in the upload_file() function in all versions up to, and including, 13.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to upload files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible and is confirmed to make Cross-Site Scripting possible.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-13355"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-16T10:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Admin and Customer Messages After Order for WooCommerce: OrderConvo plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to limited file uploads due to insufficient file type validation in the upload_file() function in all versions up to, and including, 13.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to upload files on the affected site\u0027s server which may make remote code execution possible and is confirmed to make Cross-Site Scripting possible.",
  "id": "GHSA-2vp2-mmfj-gw73",
  "modified": "2025-01-16T12:30:55Z",
  "published": "2025-01-16T12:30:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13355"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3222601%40admin-and-client-message-after-order-for-woocommerce\u0026new=3222601%40admin-and-client-message-after-order-for-woocommerce\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/82cee07d-871a-4579-aa53-ca0d14315458?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2VPQ-2H36-8FQ9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-17 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-05 18:31
VLAI
Details

Sourcecodester Payroll Management System v1.0 is vulnerable to File Upload. Users can upload images via the "save_settings" page. An unauthenticated attacker can leverage this functionality to upload a malicious PHP file instead. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability results in the ability to execute arbitrary code as the user running the web server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-34833"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-17T21:15:50Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Sourcecodester Payroll Management System v1.0 is vulnerable to File Upload. Users can upload images via the \"save_settings\" page. An unauthenticated attacker can leverage this functionality to upload a malicious PHP file instead. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability results in the ability to execute arbitrary code as the user running the web server.",
  "id": "GHSA-2vpq-2h36-8fq9",
  "modified": "2024-08-05T18:31:43Z",
  "published": "2024-06-17T21:31:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34833"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ShellUnease/payroll-management-system-rce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/179106/Payroll-Management-System-1.0-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2VPW-MVV7-VFX4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-16 18:31 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:30
VLAI
Details

Sourcecodester Online ID Generator System 1.0 was discovered to contain an arbitrary file upload vulnerability via id_generator/classes/SystemSettings.php?f=update_settings. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PHP file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-40071"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-16T17:15:48Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Sourcecodester Online ID Generator System 1.0 was discovered to contain an arbitrary file upload vulnerability via id_generator/classes/SystemSettings.php?f=update_settings. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PHP file.",
  "id": "GHSA-2vpw-mvv7-vfx4",
  "modified": "2025-04-22T15:30:50Z",
  "published": "2025-04-16T18:31:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40071"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/DiliLearngent/BugReport/blob/main/php/Online-ID-Generator-System/bug2-File-upload-img.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2VXX-W4H2-4G8G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-02 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-02 15:31
VLAI
Details

Authenticated user can upload a malicious file to the server and execute it, which leads to remote code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-2701"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434",
      "CWE-78"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-02T14:16:27Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Authenticated user can upload a malicious file to the server and execute it, which leads to remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-2vxx-w4h2-4g8g",
  "modified": "2026-04-02T15:31:40Z",
  "published": "2026-04-02T15:31:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2701"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.sharefile.com/en-us/storage-zones-controller/5-0/security-vulnerability-feb26"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2W2M-PP4H-MFXR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-22 00:33 – Updated: 2025-01-22 00:33
VLAI
Details

The WPBot Pro Wordpress Chatbot plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the 'qcld_wpcfb_file_upload' function in all versions up to, and including, 13.5.4. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible. Note: The exploit requires thee ChatBot Conversational Forms plugin and the Conversational Form Builder Pro addon plugin.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-13091"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-22T00:15:15Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The WPBot Pro Wordpress Chatbot plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the \u0027qcld_wpcfb_file_upload\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 13.5.4. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site\u0027s server which may make remote code execution possible. Note: The exploit requires thee ChatBot Conversational Forms plugin and the Conversational Form Builder Pro addon plugin.",
  "id": "GHSA-2w2m-pp4h-mfxr",
  "modified": "2025-01-22T00:33:38Z",
  "published": "2025-01-22T00:33:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13091"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0f9b6979-2662-4d2f-9656-b880dd80832c?source=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wpbot.pro"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2W6Q-CFJG-6MJP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-26 12:30 – Updated: 2026-03-26 12:30
VLAI
Details

plank/laravel-mediable through version 6.4.0 can allow upload of a dangerous file type when an application using the package accepts or prefers a client-supplied MIME type during file upload handling. In that configuration, a remote attacker can submit a file containing executable PHP code while declaring a benign image MIME type, resulting in arbitrary file upload. If the uploaded file is stored in a web-accessible and executable location, this may lead to remote code execution. At the time of publication, no patch was available and the vendor had not responded to coordinated disclosure attempts.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-4809"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-26T11:16:21Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "plank/laravel-mediable through version 6.4.0 can allow upload of a dangerous file type when an application using the package accepts or prefers a client-supplied MIME type during file upload handling. In that configuration, a remote attacker can submit a file containing executable PHP code while declaring a benign image MIME type, resulting in arbitrary file upload. If the uploaded file is stored in a web-accessible and executable location, this may lead to remote code execution. At the time of publication, no patch was available and the vendor had not responded to coordinated disclosure attempts.",
  "id": "GHSA-2w6q-cfjg-6mjp",
  "modified": "2026-03-26T12:30:29Z",
  "published": "2026-03-26T12:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4809"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/plank/laravel-mediable"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/plank/laravel-mediable/releases/tag/6.4.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2W7C-5V67-5GH6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:10 – Updated: 2023-11-13 15:30
VLAI
Details

An unauthenticated file upload vulnerability has been identified in admin/gallery.php in PHPGurukul Job Portal 1.0. The vulnerability could be exploited by an unauthenticated remote attacker to upload content to the server, including PHP files, which could result in command execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-10225"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-08T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An unauthenticated file upload vulnerability has been identified in admin/gallery.php in PHPGurukul Job Portal 1.0. The vulnerability could be exploited by an unauthenticated remote attacker to upload content to the server, including PHP files, which could result in command execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-2w7c-5v67-5gh6",
  "modified": "2023-11-13T15:30:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:10:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10225"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tib3rius.com/cves.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/47881"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2WG5-V4CG-MMVR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-24 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-09 09:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in Beijing Baichuo Smart S80 up to 20231108. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /sysmanage/updatelib.php of the component PHP File Handler. The manipulation of the argument file_upload leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-246103. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-6274"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-24T14:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in Beijing Baichuo Smart S80 up to 20231108. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /sysmanage/updatelib.php of the component PHP File Handler. The manipulation of the argument file_upload leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-246103. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-2wg5-v4cg-mmvr",
  "modified": "2024-04-09T09:31:09Z",
  "published": "2023-11-24T15:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6274"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Carol7S/cve/blob/main/rce.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.246103"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.246103"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.234888"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation
Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.