Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-416

Allowed

Use After Free

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.

9805 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-MXXV-2M94-PQJ6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:02 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:02
VLAI
Details

In Hyland Perceptive Document Filters 11.4.0.2647 - x86/x64 Windows/Linux, a crafted DOCX document can lead to a use-after-free resulting in direct code execution.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-3844"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-04-26T20:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In Hyland Perceptive Document Filters 11.4.0.2647 - x86/x64 Windows/Linux, a crafted DOCX document can lead to a use-after-free resulting in direct code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-mxxv-2m94-pqj6",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:02:07Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:02:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-3844"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2018-0527"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104023"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P222-4QG4-W3MF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 00:33 – Updated: 2026-06-09 03:31
VLAI
Details

Use after free in Media in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 149.0.7827.103 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-11680"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T00:16:51Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use after free in Media in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 149.0.7827.103 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
  "id": "GHSA-p222-4qg4-w3mf",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T03:31:39Z",
  "published": "2026-06-09T00:33:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11680"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0153744567.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/517004487"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P23M-2C93-C3J5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-10 21:31 – Updated: 2025-06-10 21:31
VLAI
Details

Acrobat Reader versions 24.001.30235, 20.005.30763, 25.001.20521 and earlier are affected by a Use After Free vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-43573"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-10T19:15:32Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Acrobat Reader versions 24.001.30235, 20.005.30763, 25.001.20521 and earlier are affected by a Use After Free vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
  "id": "GHSA-p23m-2c93-c3j5",
  "modified": "2025-06-10T21:31:22Z",
  "published": "2025-06-10T21:31:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43573"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb25-57.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P23P-88JV-FVG5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:30
VLAI
Details

Use after free in Windows Bluetooth Port Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Severity
7.0 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-45640"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T17:17:30Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use after free in Windows Bluetooth Port Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-p23p-88jv-fvg5",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T18:30:53Z",
  "published": "2026-06-09T18:30:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45640"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-45640"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P247-4V6M-F77M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-27 21:32 – Updated: 2025-02-27 21:32
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mm/slub: add missing TID updates on slab deactivation

The fastpath in slab_alloc_node() assumes that c->slab is stable as long as the TID stays the same. However, two places in __slab_alloc() currently don't update the TID when deactivating the CPU slab.

If multiple operations race the right way, this could lead to an object getting lost; or, in an even more unlikely situation, it could even lead to an object being freed onto the wrong slab's freelist, messing up the inuse counter and eventually causing a page to be freed to the page allocator while it still contains slab objects.

(I haven't actually tested these cases though, this is just based on looking at the code. Writing testcases for this stuff seems like it'd be a pain...)

The race leading to state inconsistency is (all operations on the same CPU and kmem_cache):

  • task A: begin do_slab_free():
    • read TID
    • read pcpu freelist (==NULL)
    • check slab == c->slab (true)
  • [PREEMPT A->B]
  • task B: begin slab_alloc_node():
    • fastpath fails (c->freelist is NULL)
    • enter __slab_alloc()
    • slub_get_cpu_ptr() (disables preemption)
    • enter ___slab_alloc()
    • take local_lock_irqsave()
    • read c->freelist as NULL
    • get_freelist() returns NULL
    • write c->slab = NULL
    • drop local_unlock_irqrestore()
    • goto new_slab
    • slub_percpu_partial() is NULL
    • get_partial() returns NULL
    • slub_put_cpu_ptr() (enables preemption)
  • [PREEMPT B->A]
  • task A: finish do_slab_free():
    • this_cpu_cmpxchg_double() succeeds()
    • [CORRUPT STATE: c->slab==NULL, c->freelist!=NULL]

From there, the object on c->freelist will get lost if task B is allowed to continue from here: It will proceed to the retry_load_slab label, set c->slab, then jump to load_freelist, which clobbers c->freelist.

But if we instead continue as follows, we get worse corruption:

  • task A: run __slab_free() on object from other struct slab:
    • CPU_PARTIAL_FREE case (slab was on no list, is now on pcpu partial)
  • task A: run slab_alloc_node() with NUMA node constraint:
    • fastpath fails (c->slab is NULL)
    • call __slab_alloc()
    • slub_get_cpu_ptr() (disables preemption)
    • enter ___slab_alloc()
    • c->slab is NULL: goto new_slab
    • slub_percpu_partial() is non-NULL
    • set c->slab to slub_percpu_partial(c)
    • [CORRUPT STATE: c->slab points to slab-1, c->freelist has objects from slab-2]
    • goto redo
    • node_match() fails
    • goto deactivate_slab
    • existing c->freelist is passed into deactivate_slab()
    • inuse count of slab-1 is decremented to account for object from slab-2

At this point, the inuse count of slab-1 is 1 lower than it should be. This means that if we free all allocated objects in slab-1 except for one, SLUB will think that slab-1 is completely unused, and may free its page, leading to use-after-free.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-49700"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-26T07:01:44Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm/slub: add missing TID updates on slab deactivation\n\nThe fastpath in slab_alloc_node() assumes that c-\u003eslab is stable as long as\nthe TID stays the same. However, two places in __slab_alloc() currently\ndon\u0027t update the TID when deactivating the CPU slab.\n\nIf multiple operations race the right way, this could lead to an object\ngetting lost; or, in an even more unlikely situation, it could even lead to\nan object being freed onto the wrong slab\u0027s freelist, messing up the\n`inuse` counter and eventually causing a page to be freed to the page\nallocator while it still contains slab objects.\n\n(I haven\u0027t actually tested these cases though, this is just based on\nlooking at the code. Writing testcases for this stuff seems like it\u0027d be\na pain...)\n\nThe race leading to state inconsistency is (all operations on the same CPU\nand kmem_cache):\n\n - task A: begin do_slab_free():\n    - read TID\n    - read pcpu freelist (==NULL)\n    - check `slab == c-\u003eslab` (true)\n - [PREEMPT A-\u003eB]\n - task B: begin slab_alloc_node():\n    - fastpath fails (`c-\u003efreelist` is NULL)\n    - enter __slab_alloc()\n    - slub_get_cpu_ptr() (disables preemption)\n    - enter ___slab_alloc()\n    - take local_lock_irqsave()\n    - read c-\u003efreelist as NULL\n    - get_freelist() returns NULL\n    - write `c-\u003eslab = NULL`\n    - drop local_unlock_irqrestore()\n    - goto new_slab\n    - slub_percpu_partial() is NULL\n    - get_partial() returns NULL\n    - slub_put_cpu_ptr() (enables preemption)\n - [PREEMPT B-\u003eA]\n - task A: finish do_slab_free():\n    - this_cpu_cmpxchg_double() succeeds()\n    - [CORRUPT STATE: c-\u003eslab==NULL, c-\u003efreelist!=NULL]\n\nFrom there, the object on c-\u003efreelist will get lost if task B is allowed to\ncontinue from here: It will proceed to the retry_load_slab label,\nset c-\u003eslab, then jump to load_freelist, which clobbers c-\u003efreelist.\n\nBut if we instead continue as follows, we get worse corruption:\n\n - task A: run __slab_free() on object from other struct slab:\n    - CPU_PARTIAL_FREE case (slab was on no list, is now on pcpu partial)\n - task A: run slab_alloc_node() with NUMA node constraint:\n    - fastpath fails (c-\u003eslab is NULL)\n    - call __slab_alloc()\n    - slub_get_cpu_ptr() (disables preemption)\n    - enter ___slab_alloc()\n    - c-\u003eslab is NULL: goto new_slab\n    - slub_percpu_partial() is non-NULL\n    - set c-\u003eslab to slub_percpu_partial(c)\n    - [CORRUPT STATE: c-\u003eslab points to slab-1, c-\u003efreelist has objects\n      from slab-2]\n    - goto redo\n    - node_match() fails\n    - goto deactivate_slab\n    - existing c-\u003efreelist is passed into deactivate_slab()\n    - inuse count of slab-1 is decremented to account for object from\n      slab-2\n\nAt this point, the inuse count of slab-1 is 1 lower than it should be.\nThis means that if we free all allocated objects in slab-1 except for one,\nSLUB will think that slab-1 is completely unused, and may free its page,\nleading to use-after-free.",
  "id": "GHSA-p247-4v6m-f77m",
  "modified": "2025-02-27T21:32:15Z",
  "published": "2025-02-27T21:32:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-49700"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0515cc9b6b24877f59b222ade704bfaa42caa2a6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/197e257da473c725dfe47759c3ee02f2398d8ea5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/308c6d0e1f200fd26c71270c6e6bfcf0fc6ff082"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c32496964da0dc230cea763a0e934b2e02dabd5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d6a597450e686d4c6388bd3cdcb17224b4dae7f0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2b2f0e2e34d71ae6c2a1114fd3c525930e84bc7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7e3e90d671078455a3a08189f89d85b3da2de9e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eeaa345e128515135ccb864c04482180c08e3259"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P24M-96HG-M8M8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 00:34 – Updated: 2026-07-01 15:35
VLAI
Details

Use after free in Bluetooth in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Chrome Extension. (Chromium security severity: Low)

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-14032"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T23:17:15Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use after free in Bluetooth in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Chrome Extension. (Chromium security severity: Low)",
  "id": "GHSA-p24m-96hg-m8m8",
  "modified": "2026-07-01T15:35:07Z",
  "published": "2026-07-01T00:34:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-14032"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0175352312.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/495783474"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P25M-24J8-QV7G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:54 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:35
VLAI
Details

Adobe Flash Player versions 25.0.0.127 and earlier have an exploitable use after free vulnerability in the ActionScript2 NetStream class. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-3063"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-12T14:59:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Flash Player versions 25.0.0.127 and earlier have an exploitable use after free vulnerability in the ActionScript2 NetStream class. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-p25m-24j8-qv7g",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:35:56Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:54:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-3063"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:0934"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/flash-player/apsb17-10.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201704-04"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97551"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038225"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-17-279"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P26Q-QPHF-358F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:53 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:53
VLAI
Details

Adobe Acrobat and Reader 2018.011.20040 and earlier, 2017.011.30080 and earlier, and 2015.006.30418 and earlier versions have a Use-after-free vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-12797"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-07-20T19:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Acrobat and Reader 2018.011.20040 and earlier, 2017.011.30080 and earlier, and 2015.006.30418 and earlier versions have a Use-after-free vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.",
  "id": "GHSA-p26q-qphf-358f",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T00:53:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T00:53:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12797"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb18-21.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104701"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041250"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P272-QQM2-63G8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 21:31 – Updated: 2026-05-07 01:05
VLAI
Details

Use after free in Mobile in Google Chrome on iOS prior to 148.0.7778.96 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to execute arbitrary code via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-7897"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T19:16:37Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use after free in Mobile in Google Chrome on iOS prior to 148.0.7778.96 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to execute arbitrary code via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)",
  "id": "GHSA-p272-qqm2-63g8",
  "modified": "2026-05-07T01:05:49Z",
  "published": "2026-05-06T21:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7897"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/05/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/504069514"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P277-WQPC-75VW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-19 12:31 – Updated: 2025-02-03 15:32
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ipvlan: Fix use-after-free in ipvlan_get_iflink().

syzbot presented an use-after-free report [0] regarding ipvlan and linkwatch.

ipvlan does not hold a refcnt of the lower device unlike vlan and macvlan.

If the linkwatch work is triggered for the ipvlan dev, the lower dev might have already been freed, resulting in UAF of ipvlan->phy_dev in ipvlan_get_iflink().

We can delay the lower dev unregistration like vlan and macvlan by holding the lower dev's refcnt in dev->netdev_ops->ndo_init() and releasing it in dev->priv_destructor().

Jakub pointed out calling .ndo_XXX after unregister_netdevice() has returned is error prone and suggested [1] addressing this UAF in the core by taking commit 750e51603395 ("net: avoid potential UAF in default_operstate()") further.

Let's assume unregistering devices DOWN and use RCU protection in default_operstate() not to race with the device unregistration.

[0]: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in ipvlan_get_iflink+0x84/0x88 drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvlan_main.c:353 Read of size 4 at addr ffff0000d768c0e0 by task kworker/u8:35/6944

CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6944 Comm: kworker/u8:35 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc2-g9bc5c9515b48 #12 4c3cb9e8b4565456f6a355f312ff91f4f29b3c47 Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT) Workqueue: events_unbound linkwatch_event Call trace: show_stack+0x38/0x50 arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c:484 (C) __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0xbc/0x108 lib/dump_stack.c:120 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline] print_report+0x16c/0x6f0 mm/kasan/report.c:489 kasan_report+0xc0/0x120 mm/kasan/report.c:602 __asan_report_load4_noabort+0x20/0x30 mm/kasan/report_generic.c:380 ipvlan_get_iflink+0x84/0x88 drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvlan_main.c:353 dev_get_iflink+0x7c/0xd8 net/core/dev.c:674 default_operstate net/core/link_watch.c:45 [inline] rfc2863_policy+0x144/0x360 net/core/link_watch.c:72 linkwatch_do_dev+0x60/0x228 net/core/link_watch.c:175 __linkwatch_run_queue+0x2f4/0x5b8 net/core/link_watch.c:239 linkwatch_event+0x64/0xa8 net/core/link_watch.c:282 process_one_work+0x700/0x1398 kernel/workqueue.c:3229 process_scheduled_works kernel/workqueue.c:3310 [inline] worker_thread+0x8c4/0xe10 kernel/workqueue.c:3391 kthread+0x2b0/0x360 kernel/kthread.c:389 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:862

Allocated by task 9303: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline] kasan_save_track+0x30/0x68 mm/kasan/common.c:68 kasan_save_alloc_info+0x44/0x58 mm/kasan/generic.c:568 poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:377 [inline] __kasan_kmalloc+0x84/0xa0 mm/kasan/common.c:394 kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:260 [inline] __do_kmalloc_node mm/slub.c:4283 [inline] __kmalloc_node_noprof+0x2a0/0x560 mm/slub.c:4289 __kvmalloc_node_noprof+0x9c/0x230 mm/util.c:650 alloc_netdev_mqs+0xb4/0x1118 net/core/dev.c:11209 rtnl_create_link+0x2b8/0xb60 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3595 rtnl_newlink_create+0x19c/0x868 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3771 __rtnl_newlink net/core/rtnetlink.c:3896 [inline] rtnl_newlink+0x122c/0x15c0 net/core/rtnetlink.c:4011 rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x61c/0x918 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6901 netlink_rcv_skb+0x1dc/0x398 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2542 rtnetlink_rcv+0x34/0x50 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6928 netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1321 [inline] netlink_unicast+0x618/0x838 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1347 netlink_sendmsg+0x5fc/0x8b0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1891 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:711 [inline] __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:726 [inline] __sys_sendto+0x2ec/0x438 net/socket.c:2197 __do_sys_sendto net/socket.c:2204 [inline] __se_sys_sendto net/socket.c:2200 [inline] __arm64_sys_sendto+0xe4/0x110 net/socket.c:2200 __invoke_syscall arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:35 [inline] invoke_syscall+0x90/0x278 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:49 el0_svc_common+0x13c/0x250 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:132 do_el0_svc+0x54/0x70 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:151 el ---truncated---

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-21652"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-19T11:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipvlan: Fix use-after-free in ipvlan_get_iflink().\n\nsyzbot presented an use-after-free report [0] regarding ipvlan and\nlinkwatch.\n\nipvlan does not hold a refcnt of the lower device unlike vlan and\nmacvlan.\n\nIf the linkwatch work is triggered for the ipvlan dev, the lower dev\nmight have already been freed, resulting in UAF of ipvlan-\u003ephy_dev in\nipvlan_get_iflink().\n\nWe can delay the lower dev unregistration like vlan and macvlan by\nholding the lower dev\u0027s refcnt in dev-\u003enetdev_ops-\u003endo_init() and\nreleasing it in dev-\u003epriv_destructor().\n\nJakub pointed out calling .ndo_XXX after unregister_netdevice() has\nreturned is error prone and suggested [1] addressing this UAF in the\ncore by taking commit 750e51603395 (\"net: avoid potential UAF in\ndefault_operstate()\") further.\n\nLet\u0027s assume unregistering devices DOWN and use RCU protection in\ndefault_operstate() not to race with the device unregistration.\n\n[0]:\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in ipvlan_get_iflink+0x84/0x88 drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvlan_main.c:353\nRead of size 4 at addr ffff0000d768c0e0 by task kworker/u8:35/6944\n\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6944 Comm: kworker/u8:35 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc2-g9bc5c9515b48 #12 4c3cb9e8b4565456f6a355f312ff91f4f29b3c47\nHardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)\nWorkqueue: events_unbound linkwatch_event\nCall trace:\n show_stack+0x38/0x50 arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c:484 (C)\n __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]\n dump_stack_lvl+0xbc/0x108 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline]\n print_report+0x16c/0x6f0 mm/kasan/report.c:489\n kasan_report+0xc0/0x120 mm/kasan/report.c:602\n __asan_report_load4_noabort+0x20/0x30 mm/kasan/report_generic.c:380\n ipvlan_get_iflink+0x84/0x88 drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvlan_main.c:353\n dev_get_iflink+0x7c/0xd8 net/core/dev.c:674\n default_operstate net/core/link_watch.c:45 [inline]\n rfc2863_policy+0x144/0x360 net/core/link_watch.c:72\n linkwatch_do_dev+0x60/0x228 net/core/link_watch.c:175\n __linkwatch_run_queue+0x2f4/0x5b8 net/core/link_watch.c:239\n linkwatch_event+0x64/0xa8 net/core/link_watch.c:282\n process_one_work+0x700/0x1398 kernel/workqueue.c:3229\n process_scheduled_works kernel/workqueue.c:3310 [inline]\n worker_thread+0x8c4/0xe10 kernel/workqueue.c:3391\n kthread+0x2b0/0x360 kernel/kthread.c:389\n ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:862\n\nAllocated by task 9303:\n kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline]\n kasan_save_track+0x30/0x68 mm/kasan/common.c:68\n kasan_save_alloc_info+0x44/0x58 mm/kasan/generic.c:568\n poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:377 [inline]\n __kasan_kmalloc+0x84/0xa0 mm/kasan/common.c:394\n kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:260 [inline]\n __do_kmalloc_node mm/slub.c:4283 [inline]\n __kmalloc_node_noprof+0x2a0/0x560 mm/slub.c:4289\n __kvmalloc_node_noprof+0x9c/0x230 mm/util.c:650\n alloc_netdev_mqs+0xb4/0x1118 net/core/dev.c:11209\n rtnl_create_link+0x2b8/0xb60 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3595\n rtnl_newlink_create+0x19c/0x868 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3771\n __rtnl_newlink net/core/rtnetlink.c:3896 [inline]\n rtnl_newlink+0x122c/0x15c0 net/core/rtnetlink.c:4011\n rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x61c/0x918 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6901\n netlink_rcv_skb+0x1dc/0x398 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2542\n rtnetlink_rcv+0x34/0x50 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6928\n netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1321 [inline]\n netlink_unicast+0x618/0x838 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1347\n netlink_sendmsg+0x5fc/0x8b0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1891\n sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:711 [inline]\n __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:726 [inline]\n __sys_sendto+0x2ec/0x438 net/socket.c:2197\n __do_sys_sendto net/socket.c:2204 [inline]\n __se_sys_sendto net/socket.c:2200 [inline]\n __arm64_sys_sendto+0xe4/0x110 net/socket.c:2200\n __invoke_syscall arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:35 [inline]\n invoke_syscall+0x90/0x278 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:49\n el0_svc_common+0x13c/0x250 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:132\n do_el0_svc+0x54/0x70 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:151\n el\n---truncated---",
  "id": "GHSA-p277-wqpc-75vw",
  "modified": "2025-02-03T15:32:01Z",
  "published": "2025-01-19T12:31:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21652"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/52a24538d569f48e79d1a169a5d359d384152950"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba9f7c16ec879c83bb4f80406773a911aace8267"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cb358ff94154774d031159b018adf45e17673941"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Choose a language that provides automatic memory management.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

When freeing pointers, be sure to set them to NULL once they are freed. However, the utilization of multiple or complex data structures may lower the usefulness of this strategy.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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