CWE-406

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-28455"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-406"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-18T15:15:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Technitium through 11.0.2. The forwarding mode enables attackers to create a query loop using Technitium resolvers, launching amplification attacks and causing potential DoS.",
  "id": "GHSA-6mgp-6qqc-4g38",
  "modified": "2024-09-18T21:30:48Z",
  "published": "2024-09-18T15:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28455"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/idealeer/89947ca07836fd0f7e9761198ca9a0f3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://technitium.com/dns"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-28456"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-406"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-18T15:15:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Technitium through 11.0.2. It enables attackers to launch amplification attacks (3 times more than other \"golden model\" software like BIND) and cause potential DoS.",
  "id": "GHSA-6p25-v7px-gqph",
  "modified": "2024-09-18T21:30:48Z",
  "published": "2024-09-18T15:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28456"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/idealeer/89947ca07836fd0f7e9761198ca9a0f3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://technitium.com/dns"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-38425"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-406"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-05T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "eProsima Fast DDS versions prior to 2.4.0 (#2269) are susceptible to exploitation when an attacker sends a specially crafted packet to flood a target device with unwanted traffic, which may result in a denial-of-service condition and information exposure.",
  "id": "GHSA-6x94-8g2r-qg72",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T00:03:35Z",
  "published": "2022-05-06T00:00:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38425"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eProsima/Fast-DDS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-21-315-02"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "pocketmine/pocketmine-mp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.39.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-406"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-06T22:54:10Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe server handles `ActorEventPacket` to trigger consuming animations from vanilla clients when they eat food or drink potions.\n\nThis can be abused to make the server spam other clients, and to waste server CPU and memory. For every `ActorEventPacket` sent by the client, an animation event will be sent to every other player the attacker is visible to.\n\nThis is similar to various other vulnerabilities which were fixed in the network overhaul of PM4 (e.g. `AnimatePacket` and `LevelSoundEventPacket`), but somehow this one slipped through the net.\n\n### Patches\nThe problem was addressed in aeea1150a772a005b92bd418366f1b7cf1a91ab5 by changing the mechanism for consuming animations to be fully controlled by the server. `ActorEventPacket` from the client is now discarded.\n\n### Workarounds\nA plugin could use `DataPacketDecodeEvent` to rate-limit `ActorEventPacket` to prevent the attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-7hmv-4j2j-pp6f",
  "modified": "2026-04-06T22:54:10Z",
  "published": "2026-04-06T22:54:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pmmp/PocketMine-MP/security/advisories/GHSA-7hmv-4j2j-pp6f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pmmp/PocketMine-MP/commit/aeea1150a772a005b92bd418366f1b7cf1a91ab5"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/pmmp/PocketMine-MP"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "PocketMine-MP: Network amplification vulnerability with `ActorEventPacket`"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.quietterminal:qti-neon"
      },
      "versions": [
        "1.0.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "qti-neon"
      },
      "versions": [
        "1.0.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "qti-neon"
      },
      "versions": [
        "1.0.0"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-54609"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-406",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-28T16:36:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe relay\u0027s reconnect handler forwards every `RECONNECT_REQUEST` to the host without deduplication or a size cap on the `pendingReconnects` map, unlike the connect flow which guards against this with `maxPendingConnections`. An unauthenticated attacker who knows a valid session ID can send `RECONNECT_REQUEST` packets from many spoofed source addresses; each packet that passes the session lookup is forwarded to the host as a new reconnect attempt. Because the per-source rate limiter assigns a fresh token bucket to each spoofed IP, it provides no protection. The host receives one forwarded packet per spoofed source per cleanup cycle, making the relay an amplification vector for denial-of-service against the host. The host\u0027s real address is never exposed to clients by design, so this is the primary viable DoS path against it. A secondary issue: once more than `maxRateLimiters` spoofed IPs are seen, `performCleanup` calls `rateLimiters.clear()`, resetting rate limit state for all sources including legitimate ones.\n\nAffected: `NeonRelay` in all three implementations (Java, Python, TypeScript).\n\n### Patches\nNot yet patched. Fix consists of three changes to handleReconnectRequest in each implementation:\n\n1. Reject the request if `pendingReconnects.size() \u003e= maxPendingConnections` (mirrors the existing connect-flow guard)\n2. Only forward to the host if the `sessionId:clientId` key is not already present in `pendingReconnects` \u2014 the map entry can still be updated with the new source address, but the host only needs to validate once per slot\n3. In `performCleanup`, evict throttled entries before falling back to `rateLimiters.clear()` to avoid resetting legitimate sources\u0027 rate limit state\n\n### Workarounds\nOperators can partially mitigate by placing the relay behind a network-level filter that drops packets with spoofed source addresses (BCP38/uRPF). This does not address the missing `pendingReconnects` size cap or the `rateLimiters.clear()` issue but eliminates the amplification path in most deployment environments.\n\n### References\n- PROTOCOL.md \u2014 reconnect flow\n- ARCHITECTURE.md \u2014 reconnect handshake detail (step 4 describes the unbounded `put`)",
  "id": "GHSA-85rg-p3fr-xc2f",
  "modified": "2026-07-28T16:36:47Z",
  "published": "2026-07-28T16:36:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Quiet-Terminal-Interactive/QTINeon/security/advisories/GHSA-85rg-p3fr-xc2f"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Quiet-Terminal-Interactive/QTINeon"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "QTINeon has unauthenticated relay-to-host amplification via unbounded RECONNECT_REQUEST forwarding"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-43547"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-406"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-05T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "TwinOaks Computing CoreDX DDS versions prior to 5.9.1 are susceptible to exploitation when an attacker sends a specially crafted packet to flood target devices with unwanted traffic. This may result in a denial-of-service condition and information exposure.",
  "id": "GHSA-c6m8-cmm6-5qvg",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T00:01:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-06T00:00:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43547"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-21-315-02"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.twinoakscomputing.com/coredx/download"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-38429"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-406"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-05T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "OCI OpenDDS versions prior to 3.18.1 are vulnerable when an attacker sends a specially crafted packet to flood target devices with unwanted traffic, which may result in a denial-of-service condition and information exposure.",
  "id": "GHSA-gjcc-3vr8-g68x",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T00:03:35Z",
  "published": "2022-05-06T00:00:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38429"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://opendds.org"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-21-315-02"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.204.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.205"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.219"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-2100"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-406"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-16T22:56:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-01-29T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins 2.218 and earlier, LTS 2.204.1 and earlier supports two network discovery services (UDP multicast/broadcast and DNS multicast) by default.\n\nThe UDP multicast/broadcast service can be used in an amplification reflection attack, as very few bytes sent to the respective endpoint result in much larger responses: A single byte request to this service would respond with more than 100 bytes of Jenkins metadata which could be used in a DDoS attack on a Jenkins controller. Within the same network, spoofed UDP packets could also be sent to make two Jenkins controllers go into an infinite loop of replies to one another, thus causing a denial of service.\n\nJenkins 2.219, LTS 2.204.2 now disables both UDP multicast/broadcast and DNS multicast by default.\n\nAdministrators that need these features can re-enable them again by setting the system property `hudson.DNSMultiCast.disabled` to `false` (for DNS multicast) or the system property `hudson.udp` to `33848`, or another port (for UDP broadcast/multicast). These are the same system properties that controlled whether these features were enabled in the past, so any instances explicitly enabling these features by setting these system properties will continue to have them enabled.",
  "id": "GHSA-gpxv-776p-7gc7",
  "modified": "2022-12-16T22:56:41Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:07:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-2100"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/cd28a6d9347228b03da0e45653e23032342c2a36"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHBA-2020:0402"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHBA-2020:0675"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0681"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0683"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2020-01-29/#SECURITY-1641"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/01/29/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins vulnerable to UDP amplification reflection attack"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.2.23"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.2.24"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-208",
      "CWE-404",
      "CWE-406",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T19:08:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Impact\n\nIn Telegram DM mode, inbound media was downloaded and written to disk before sender authorization checks completed. An unauthorized sender could trigger inbound media download/write activity (including media groups) even when DM access should be denied.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Latest published version currently affected: `2026.2.23`\n- Vulnerable range: `\u003c= 2026.2.23`\n- Patched in planned next release: `2026.2.24`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `9514201fb9b51de5d0b23151110d0ff5d9c8bd67`\n\n## Technical Details\n\nThe Telegram handler flow now enforces DM authorization before media download/write paths execute, including media-group handling. Inbound channel activity tracking was also moved to run after DM authorization in the Telegram message context path.\n\n## Release Process Note\n\n`patched_versions` is pre-set to the planned next release (`2026.2.24`). After npm publish, the advisory can be published without further version-field edits.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @v8hid for reporting.\n\n\n### Publication Update (2026-02-25)\n`openclaw@2026.2.24` is published on npm and contains the fix commit(s) listed above. This advisory now marks `\u003e= 2026.2.24` as patched.",
  "id": "GHSA-h656-5vcf-cm23",
  "modified": "2026-03-03T19:08:30Z",
  "published": "2026-03-03T19:08:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-h656-5vcf-cm23"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/9514201fb9b51de5d0b23151110d0ff5d9c8bd67"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Unauthorized Telegram Senders Trigger Media Download and Disk Write Before Access Check"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-14850"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-406"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-03-18T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A denial of service vulnerability was discovered in nbdkit 1.12.7, 1.14.1 and 1.15.1. An attacker could connect to the nbdkit service and cause it to perform a large amount of work in initializing backend plugins, by simply opening a connection to the service. This vulnerability could cause resource consumption and degradation of service in nbdkit, depending on the plugins configured on the server-side.",
  "id": "GHSA-j552-f62v-mc74",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:44:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:44:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14850"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1757258"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/libguestfs/2019-September/msg00084.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}