Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-400

Discouraged

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

5433 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-PQH7-VP7F-6F29

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-13 21:30 – Updated: 2025-05-13 21:30
VLAI
Details

Uncontrolled resource consumption for some Edge Orchestrator software for Intel(R) Tiber™ Edge Platform may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via adjacent access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-20057"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-13T21:16:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Uncontrolled resource consumption for some Edge Orchestrator software for Intel(R) Tiber\u2122 Edge Platform may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via adjacent access.",
  "id": "GHSA-pqh7-vp7f-6f29",
  "modified": "2025-05-13T21:30:55Z",
  "published": "2025-05-13T21:30:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20057"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01239.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PQJ9-QCR7-74FH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-22 15:32 – Updated: 2025-01-23 15:31
VLAI
Details

Open5GS MME versions <= 2.6.4 contains an assertion that can be remotely triggered via a malformed ASN.1 packet over the S1AP interface. An attacker may send a UE Context Release Request message missing a required MME_UE_S1AP_ID field to repeatedly crash the MME, resulting in denial of service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-37014"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-22T15:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Open5GS MME versions \u003c= 2.6.4 contains an assertion that can be remotely triggered via a malformed ASN.1 packet over the S1AP interface. An attacker may send a `UE Context Release Request` message missing a required `MME_UE_S1AP_ID` field to repeatedly crash the MME, resulting in denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-pqj9-qcr7-74fh",
  "modified": "2025-01-23T15:31:05Z",
  "published": "2025-01-22T15:32:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37014"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cellularsecurity.org/ransacked"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PQQP-7CP8-VXVF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-21 18:33 – Updated: 2025-09-19 20:11
VLAI
Summary
Ackites KillWxapkg Zip Bomb Resource Exhaustion
Details

A vulnerability was found in Ackites KillWxapkg up to 2.4.1. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component wxapkg File Decompression Handler. The manipulation leads to resource consumption. The attack may be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/Ackites/KillWxapkg"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.4.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-5031"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-21T20:11:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-21T17:15:59Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in Ackites KillWxapkg up to 2.4.1. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component wxapkg File Decompression Handler. The manipulation leads to resource consumption. The attack may be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
  "id": "GHSA-pqqp-7cp8-vxvf",
  "modified": "2025-09-19T20:11:35Z",
  "published": "2025-05-21T18:33:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5031"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Ackites/KillWxapkg/issues/86"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Ackites/KillWxapkg"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309851"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.309851"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.580524"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Ackites KillWxapkg  Zip Bomb Resource Exhaustion"
}

GHSA-PQRW-MPMW-GP6M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-13 15:31 – Updated: 2024-02-13 15:31
VLAI
Details

An unauthenticated remote attacker can use an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability to DoS the affected devices through excessive traffic on a single ethernet port. 

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-24781"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-13T14:15:46Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An unauthenticated remote attacker can use an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability to DoS the affected devices through excessive traffic on a single ethernet port.\u00a0",
  "id": "GHSA-pqrw-mpmw-gp6m",
  "modified": "2024-02-13T15:31:12Z",
  "published": "2024-02-13T15:31:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-24781"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert.vde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2024-013"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PQV2-QCPC-RJMC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-08 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-08 21:30
VLAI
Details

In multiple locations, there is a possible permanent denial of service due to resource exhaustion. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48569"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-08T18:15:51Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In multiple locations, there is a possible permanent denial of service due to resource exhaustion. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-pqv2-qcpc-rjmc",
  "modified": "2025-12-08T21:30:22Z",
  "published": "2025-12-08T18:30:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48569"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/android-16-qpr2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PQV4-G55H-5J74

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:34 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:34
VLAI
Details

openhpi/Makefile.am in OpenHPI before 3.6.0 uses world-writable permissions for /var/lib/openhpi directory, which allows local users, when quotas are not properly setup, to fill the filesystem hosting /var/lib and cause a denial of service (disk consumption).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-3248"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-09-26T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "openhpi/Makefile.am in OpenHPI before 3.6.0 uses world-writable permissions for /var/lib/openhpi directory, which allows local users, when quotas are not properly setup, to fill the filesystem hosting /var/lib and cause a denial of service (disk consumption).",
  "id": "GHSA-pqv4-g55h-5j74",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T00:34:18Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:34:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-3248"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015:2369"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2015-3248"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1233520"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1233521"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2015-October/168841.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://openhpi.org/Changelogs/3.6.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PR38-QPXM-G88X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-06 00:00 – Updated: 2026-07-08 17:32
VLAI
Summary
Apache ActiveMQ Artemis Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (DoS)
Details

In Apache ActiveMQ Artemis prior to 2.20.0 or 2.19.1, an attacker could partially disrupt availability (DoS) through uncontrolled resource consumption of memory.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.activemq:artemis-core-client"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.19.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23913"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-08T17:52:10Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-04T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In Apache ActiveMQ Artemis prior to 2.20.0 or 2.19.1, an attacker could partially disrupt availability (DoS) through uncontrolled resource consumption of memory.",
  "id": "GHSA-pr38-qpxm-g88x",
  "modified": "2026-07-08T17:32:03Z",
  "published": "2022-02-06T00:00:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23913"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/github/codeql-java-CVE-coverage/issues/1061"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq-artemis/pull/3862"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq-artemis/pull/3862/commits/1f92368240229b8f5db92a92a72c703faf83e9b7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq-artemis/pull/3871"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq-artemis/pull/3871/commits/153d2e9a979aead8dff95fbc91d659ecc7d0fb82"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq-artemis"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARTEMIS-3593"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/fjynj57rd99s814rdn5hzvmx8lz403q2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220303-0003"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache ActiveMQ Artemis Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (DoS)"
}

GHSA-PR44-2445-9366

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-14 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:38
VLAI
Details

IBM Security Verify Access OIDC Provider could allow a remote user to cause a denial of service due to uncontrolled resource consumption. IBM X-Force ID: 238921.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-43740"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-14T16:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "IBM Security Verify Access OIDC Provider could allow a remote user to cause a denial of service due to uncontrolled resource consumption.  IBM X-Force ID:  238921.",
  "id": "GHSA-pr44-2445-9366",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:38:43Z",
  "published": "2023-10-14T18:30:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43740"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/238921"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7028513"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PR7V-RH2M-6HF3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-15 21:30 – Updated: 2026-06-16 15:33
VLAI
Details

An issue in the /api/v0/pastes endpoint of anna-is-cute paste v0.1.1 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-50882"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-15T20:16:31Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue in the /api/v0/pastes endpoint of anna-is-cute paste v0.1.1 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.",
  "id": "GHSA-pr7v-rh2m-6hf3",
  "modified": "2026-06-16T15:33:47Z",
  "published": "2026-06-15T21:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50882"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/pyuysig/e5b8c018b2d323b0b4ddffb9ebce9a80"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PR9R-GXGP-9RM8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-03 14:06 – Updated: 2025-07-03 16:20
VLAI
Summary
n8n Vulnerable to Denial of Service via Malformed Binary Data Requests
Details

Summary

Denial of Service vulnerability in /rest/binary-data endpoint when processing empty filesystem URIs (filesystem:// or filesystem-v2://).

Impact

This is a Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to cause service unavailability through malformed filesystem URI requests. The vulnerability affects:

  • The /rest/binary-data endpoint
  • n8n.cloud instances (confirmed HTTP/2 524 timeout responses)

Attackers can exploit this by sending GET requests with empty filesystem URIs (filesystem:// or filesystem-v2://) to the /rest/binary-data endpoint, causing resource exhaustion and service disruption.

Patches

The issue has been patched in 1.99.0. All users should upgrade to this version or later.

The fix introduces strict checking of URI patterns.

Patch commit: https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/16229

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "n8n"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.99.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-49595"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-03T14:06:01Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-03T13:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nDenial of Service vulnerability in `/rest/binary-data` endpoint when processing empty filesystem URIs (`filesystem://` or `filesystem-v2://`).\n\n### Impact\nThis is a Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to cause service unavailability through malformed filesystem URI requests. The vulnerability affects:\n\n- The `/rest/binary-data` endpoint\n- n8n.cloud instances (confirmed HTTP/2 524 timeout responses)\n\nAttackers can exploit this by sending GET requests with empty filesystem URIs (`filesystem://` or `filesystem-v2://`) to the `/rest/binary-data` endpoint, causing resource exhaustion and service disruption.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue has been patched in [1.99.0](https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n%401.99.0).\nAll users should upgrade to this version or later.\n\nThe fix introduces strict checking of URI patterns.\n\nPatch commit: https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/16229",
  "id": "GHSA-pr9r-gxgp-9rm8",
  "modified": "2025-07-03T16:20:44Z",
  "published": "2025-07-03T14:06:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-pr9r-gxgp-9rm8"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49595"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/16229"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/43c52a8b4f844e91b02e3cc9df92826a2d7b6052"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "n8n Vulnerable to Denial of Service via Malformed Binary Data Requests"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
  • The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
  • The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
  • recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
  • uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.

CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death

An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.

CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement

An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.