CWE-400
DiscouragedUncontrolled Resource Consumption
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
5412 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MCX2-83HC-5298
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:27 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:27The grant-table feature in Xen through 4.8.x mishandles MMIO region grant references, which allows guest OS users to cause a denial of service (loss of grant trackability), aka XSA-224 bug 3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-10922"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-05T01:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The grant-table feature in Xen through 4.8.x mishandles MMIO region grant references, which allows guest OS users to cause a denial of service (loss of grant trackability), aka XSA-224 bug 3.",
"id": "GHSA-mcx2-83hc-5298",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:27:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:27:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-10922"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201708-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201710-17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://xenbits.xen.org/xsa/advisory-224.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3969"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038734"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MF27-WG66-M8F5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-17 20:41 – Updated: 2022-01-04 18:57A vulnerability in Atomix v3.1.5 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (DoS) via a Raft session flooding attack using Raft OpenSessionRequest messages.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.atomix:atomix"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "3.1.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-35210"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-12-17T17:20:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-16T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Atomix v3.1.5 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (DoS) via a Raft session flooding attack using Raft OpenSessionRequest messages.",
"id": "GHSA-mf27-wg66-m8f5",
"modified": "2022-01-04T18:57:49Z",
"published": "2021-12-17T20:41:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35210"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1eZznIciFI06_5UJrXvlLugH2-nmjfYpQO5NyNMc9RxU/edit?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/atomix/atomix"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "A vulnerability in Atomix v3.1.5 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (DoS) via a Raft session flooding attack using Raft OpenSessionRequest messages."
}
GHSA-MF2Q-G3W5-QQ7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-08 18:33 – Updated: 2025-02-27 21:31Due to a memory leak, a denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the Rockwell Automation affected products. A malicious actor could exploit this vulnerability by performing multiple actions on certain web pages of the product causing the affected products to become fully unavailable and require a power cycle to recover.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8626"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-401"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-08T17:15:56Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Due to a memory leak, a denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the Rockwell Automation affected products. A malicious actor could exploit this vulnerability by performing multiple actions on certain web pages of the product causing the affected products to become fully unavailable and require a power cycle to recover.",
"id": "GHSA-mf2q-g3w5-qq7r",
"modified": "2025-02-27T21:31:58Z",
"published": "2024-10-08T18:33:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8626"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rockwellautomation.com/en-us/trust-center/security-advisories/advisory.SD1706.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-MF3R-6M25-3867
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-16 15:32 – Updated: 2025-06-16 17:00SessionClicks in Liferay Portal 7.0.0 through 7.4.3.21, and Liferay DXP 7.4 GA through update 9, 7.3 GA through update 25, and older unsupported versions does not restrict the saving of request parameters in the HTTP session, which allows remote attackers to consume system memory leading to denial-of-service (DoS) conditions via crafted HTTP requests.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:com.liferay.portal.kernel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "38.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3526"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-16T17:00:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-16T15:15:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "SessionClicks in Liferay Portal 7.0.0 through 7.4.3.21, and Liferay DXP 7.4 GA through update 9, 7.3 GA through update 25, and older unsupported versions does not restrict the saving of request parameters in the HTTP session, which allows remote attackers to consume system memory leading to denial-of-service (DoS) conditions via crafted HTTP requests.",
"id": "GHSA-mf3r-6m25-3867",
"modified": "2025-06-16T17:00:35Z",
"published": "2025-06-16T15:32:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3526"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal/commit/429834b7cf7c131576f196466a386bb6ce764716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal/commit/b40fe110eb9d264c9c1a79ff77da317bbe6fa528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal/commit/d9108a12269e6b27689b2fd06f66fb881c8ec894"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://liferay.dev/portal/security/known-vulnerabilities/-/asset_publisher/jekt/content/CVE-2025-3526"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Liferay Portal SessionClicks does not restrict the saving of request parameters in the HTTP session"
}
GHSA-MF63-58J7-3J76
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-17 18:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:10Mattermost fails to properly validate markdown, allowing an attacker to crash the server via a specially crafted markdown input.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3593"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-17T16:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mattermost fails to properly validate markdown, allowing an attacker to crash the server via a specially crafted markdown input.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-mf63-58j7-3j76",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:10:56Z",
"published": "2023-07-17T18:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MF9W-W633-HM7W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-01 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-01 18:30A vulnerability in a logging API in Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause the device to become unresponsive or trigger an unexpected reload. This vulnerability could also allow an attacker with valid user credentials, but not Administrator privileges, to view a system log file that they would not normally have access to. This vulnerability is due to a lack of rate-limiting of requests that are sent to a specific API that is related to an FMC log. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a high rate of HTTP requests to the API. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition due to the FMC CPU spiking to 100 percent utilization or to the device reloading. CPU utilization would return to normal if the attack traffic was stopped before an unexpected reload was triggered.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20155"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-01T17:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in a logging API in Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause the device to become unresponsive or trigger an unexpected reload. This vulnerability could also allow an attacker with valid user credentials, but not Administrator privileges, to view a system log file that they would not normally have access to. This vulnerability is due to a lack of rate-limiting of requests that are sent to a specific API that is related to an FMC log. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a high rate of HTTP requests to the API. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition due to the FMC CPU spiking to 100 percent utilization or to the device reloading. CPU utilization would return to normal if the attack traffic was stopped before an unexpected reload was triggered.",
"id": "GHSA-mf9w-w633-hm7w",
"modified": "2023-11-01T18:30:33Z",
"published": "2023-11-01T18:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-fmc-logview-dos-AYJdeX55"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MFG5-7Q5G-F37J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 22:39 – Updated: 2026-06-08 23:23Summary
@openclaw/voice-call (and the bundled copy shipped in openclaw) accepted media-stream WebSocket upgrades before stream validation. In reachable deployments, unauthenticated pre-start sockets could be held open and increase resource pressure.
Affected Packages / Versions
openclaw(npm): vulnerable<= 2026.2.21-2, patched in2026.2.22.@openclaw/voice-call(npm): vulnerable<= 2026.2.21, patched in2026.2.22.
Technical Details
Before this fix, the voice-call media-stream path upgraded sockets first and ran shouldAcceptStream() after a later start frame. This created a pre-auth window where remote clients could hold idle sockets without call/token validation.
Impact
Availability risk in deployments where the media-stream endpoint is reachable and streaming is enabled. Under sustained abuse, this could consume connection-related resources and degrade service for legitimate streams.
Remediation
The fix adds layered controls in the media-stream path:
- strict pre-start timeout (close sockets that do not send a valid start frame quickly)
- global pending-connection cap
- per-IP pending-connection cap
- total open media-stream connection cap
- safer upgrade-path parsing in the webhook server
Fix Commit(s)
1d8968c8a821ff1a05c294a1846b3bcb6f343794
Release Process Note
patched_versions is pre-set to 2026.2.22 so this advisory is ready to publish once npm openclaw@2026.2.22 and @openclaw/voice-call@2026.2.22 are released.
OpenClaw thanks @jiseoung for reporting.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.2.22"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@openclaw/voice-call"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.2.22"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32062"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-02T22:39:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-11T14:16:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n`@openclaw/voice-call` (and the bundled copy shipped in `openclaw`) accepted media-stream WebSocket upgrades before stream validation. In reachable deployments, unauthenticated pre-start sockets could be held open and increase resource pressure.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n- `openclaw` (npm): vulnerable `\u003c= 2026.2.21-2`, patched in `2026.2.22`.\n- `@openclaw/voice-call` (npm): vulnerable `\u003c= 2026.2.21`, patched in `2026.2.22`.\n\n### Technical Details\nBefore this fix, the voice-call media-stream path upgraded sockets first and ran `shouldAcceptStream()` after a later `start` frame. This created a pre-auth window where remote clients could hold idle sockets without call/token validation.\n\n### Impact\nAvailability risk in deployments where the media-stream endpoint is reachable and streaming is enabled. Under sustained abuse, this could consume connection-related resources and degrade service for legitimate streams.\n\n### Remediation\nThe fix adds layered controls in the media-stream path:\n- strict pre-start timeout (close sockets that do not send a valid `start` frame quickly)\n- global pending-connection cap\n- per-IP pending-connection cap\n- total open media-stream connection cap\n- safer upgrade-path parsing in the webhook server\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n- `1d8968c8a821ff1a05c294a1846b3bcb6f343794`\n\n### Release Process Note\n`patched_versions` is pre-set to `2026.2.22` so this advisory is ready to publish once npm `openclaw@2026.2.22` and `@openclaw/voice-call@2026.2.22` are released.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @jiseoung for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-mfg5-7q5g-f37j",
"modified": "2026-06-08T23:23:30Z",
"published": "2026-03-02T22:39:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mfg5-7q5g-f37j"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/1d8968c8a821ff1a05c294a1846b3bcb6f343794"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-unauthenticated-websocket-resource-exhaustion-via-media-stream"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw voice-call media stream validated streams after upgrade, which could allow pre-start unauthenticated sockets to increase resource pressure"
}
GHSA-MFGX-FRFQ-59JC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:10 – Updated: 2022-10-27 19:00A lack of CPU resource in the Linux kernel tracing module functionality in versions prior to 5.14-rc3 was found in the way user uses trace ring buffer in a specific way. Only privileged local users (with CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability) could use this flaw to starve the resources causing denial of service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3679"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-835"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-05T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A lack of CPU resource in the Linux kernel tracing module functionality in versions prior to 5.14-rc3 was found in the way user uses trace ring buffer in a specific way. Only privileged local users (with CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability) could use this flaw to starve the resources causing denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-mfgx-frfq-59jc",
"modified": "2022-10-27T19:00:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:10:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3679"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1989165"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=67f0d6d9883c13174669f88adac4f0ee656cc16a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/10/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/12/msg00012.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4978"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MFH4-QVWJ-C4FF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-10 21:30 – Updated: 2024-10-10 21:30Uncontrolled resource consumption in some Intel(R) Thunderbolt(TM) DCH drivers for Windows before version 88 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25769"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-14T14:15:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Uncontrolled resource consumption in some Intel(R) Thunderbolt(TM) DCH drivers for Windows before version 88 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-mfh4-qvwj-c4ff",
"modified": "2024-10-10T21:30:41Z",
"published": "2024-10-10T21:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25769"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00851.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MFM7-692Q-J824
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 18:31 – Updated: 2024-05-14 18:31A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA00) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA10) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA20) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA30) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-1EA10) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-1EA20) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-1EA30) (All versions < V3.0.1.1). Affected applications do not properly release memory that is allocated when handling specifically crafted incoming packets. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause a denial of service condition by crashing the service when it runs out of memory. The service is restarted automatically after a short time.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33498"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T16:17:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA00) (All versions \u003c V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA10) (All versions \u003c V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA20) (All versions \u003c V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA30) (All versions \u003c V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-1EA10) (All versions \u003c V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-1EA20) (All versions \u003c V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-1EA30) (All versions \u003c V3.0.1.1). Affected applications do not properly release memory that is allocated when handling specifically crafted incoming packets. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause a denial of service condition by crashing the service when it runs out of memory. The service is restarted automatically after a short time.",
"id": "GHSA-mfm7-692q-j824",
"modified": "2024-05-14T18:31:01Z",
"published": "2024-05-14T18:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33498"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-093430.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement
An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.