CWE-400
DiscouragedUncontrolled Resource Consumption
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
5436 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-8VRF-CVXP-7364
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:38HTMLCOIN through 2.12 (a chain-based proof-of-stake cryptocurrency) allows a remote denial of service. The attacker sends invalid headers/blocks. The attack requires no stake and can fill the victim's disk and RAM.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-19154"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-05T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "HTMLCOIN through 2.12 (a chain-based proof-of-stake cryptocurrency) allows a remote denial of service. The attacker sends invalid headers/blocks. The attack requires no stake and can fill the victim\u0027s disk and RAM.",
"id": "GHSA-8vrf-cvxp-7364",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:38:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:00:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19154"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/%40dsl_uiuc/fake-stake-attacks-on-chain-based-proof-of-stake-cryptocurrencies-b8b05723f806"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@dsl_uiuc/fake-stake-attacks-on-chain-based-proof-of-stake-cryptocurrencies-b8b05723f806"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://fc19.ifca.ai/preproceedings/180-preproceedings.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8VRF-R662-2W2V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-06 20:21 – Updated: 2026-07-06 20:21The cp utility in uutils coreutils, when performing recursive copies (-R), incorrectly treats character and block device nodes as stream sources rather than preserving them. Because the implementation reads bytes into regular files at the destination instead of using mknod, device semantics are destroyed (e.g., /dev/null becomes a regular file). This behavior can lead to runtime denial of service through disk exhaustion or process hangs when reading from unbounded device nodes.
Zellic finding 3.53. Reported in the Zellic uutils coreutils Program Security Assessment (for Canonical, Jan 2026), audited commit 3a07ffc5a9bd4c283e75afa548ba1f1957bad242.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "uu_cp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35358"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-706"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-06T20:21:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The cp utility in uutils coreutils, when performing recursive copies (-R), incorrectly treats character and block device nodes as stream sources rather than preserving them. Because the implementation reads bytes into regular files at the destination instead of using mknod, device semantics are destroyed (e.g., /dev/null becomes a regular file). This behavior can lead to runtime denial of service through disk exhaustion or process hangs when reading from unbounded device nodes.\n\n---\n_Zellic finding 3.53. Reported in the Zellic *uutils coreutils Program Security Assessment* (for Canonical, Jan 2026), audited commit `3a07ffc5a9bd4c283e75afa548ba1f1957bad242`._",
"id": "GHSA-8vrf-r662-2w2v",
"modified": "2026-07-06T20:21:19Z",
"published": "2026-07-06T20:21:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/security/advisories/GHSA-8vrf-r662-2w2v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35358"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/issues/9746"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/pull/11163"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/commit/e6a3bb596f149628ba973eec3d099f3bb69f2464"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/releases/tag/0.7.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "cp: -R reads device nodes as streams, destroying device semantics"
}
GHSA-8VW7-3CP3-PH8J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01An issue was discovered in UniFi Protect G3 FLEX Camera Version UVC.v4.30.0.67.Attacker could send a huge amount of TCP SYN packet to make web service's resource exhausted. Then the web server is denial-of-service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33820"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-18T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in UniFi Protect G3 FLEX Camera Version UVC.v4.30.0.67.Attacker could send a huge amount of TCP SYN packet to make web service\u0027s resource exhausted. Then the web server is denial-of-service.",
"id": "GHSA-8vw7-3cp3-ph8j",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:05:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33820"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Jian-Xian/CVE-POC/blob/master/CVE-2021-33820.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://linuxhint.com/hping3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://store.ui.com/collections/unifi-protect-cameras/products/unifi-video-g3-flex-camera"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8VWF-PHWX-JWQP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:08 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:08In IoTivity through 1.3.1, the CoAP server interface can be used for Distributed Denial of Service attacks using source IP address spoofing and UDP-based traffic amplification. The reflected traffic is 6 times bigger than spoofed requests. This occurs because the construction of a "4.01 Unauthorized" response is mishandled. NOTE: the vendor states "While this is an interesting attack, there is no plan for maintainer to fix, as we are migrating to IoTivity Lite."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9750"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-13T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In IoTivity through 1.3.1, the CoAP server interface can be used for Distributed Denial of Service attacks using source IP address spoofing and UDP-based traffic amplification. The reflected traffic is 6 times bigger than spoofed requests. This occurs because the construction of a \"4.01 Unauthorized\" response is mishandled. NOTE: the vendor states \"While this is an interesting attack, there is no plan for maintainer to fix, as we are migrating to IoTivity Lite.\"",
"id": "GHSA-8vwf-phwx-jwqp",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:08:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:08:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9750"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.iotivity.org/browse/IOT-3267"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8W29-WH58-HRM4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33An uncontrolled format string issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5. An app may be able to cause a denial-of-service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24199"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-31T23:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An uncontrolled format string issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5. An app may be able to cause a denial-of-service.",
"id": "GHSA-8w29-wh58-hrm4",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:18Z",
"published": "2025-04-01T00:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24199"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122375"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8W49-H785-MJ3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-22 20:26 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:54The algorithm used for parsing HTTP cookies in Tornado versions prior to 6.4.2 sometimes has quadratic complexity, leading to excessive CPU consumption when parsing maliciously-crafted cookie headers. This parsing occurs in the event loop thread and may block the processing of other requests.
See also CVE-2024-7592 for a similar vulnerability in cpython.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.4.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tornado"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-52804"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-11-22T20:26:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-22T16:15:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The algorithm used for parsing HTTP cookies in Tornado versions prior to 6.4.2 sometimes has quadratic complexity, leading to excessive CPU consumption when parsing maliciously-crafted cookie headers. This parsing occurs in the event loop thread and may block the processing of other requests.\n\nSee also CVE-2024-7592 for a similar vulnerability in cpython.",
"id": "GHSA-8w49-h785-mj3c",
"modified": "2025-11-04T16:54:32Z",
"published": "2024-11-22T20:26:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/security/advisories/GHSA-8w49-h785-mj3c"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-52804"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/commit/d5ba4a1695fbf7c6a3e54313262639b198291533"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00000.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Tornado has an HTTP cookie parsing DoS vulnerability"
}
GHSA-8W57-JFPM-945M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-06-11 16:16 – Updated: 2023-04-11 00:26Versions of http-proxy-agent before 2.1.0 are vulnerable to denial of service and uninitialized memory leak when unsanitized options are passed to Buffer. An attacker may leverage these unsanitized options to consume system resources.
Recommendation
Update to version 2.1.0 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "http-proxy-agent"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-06-11T16:11:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Versions of `http-proxy-agent` before 2.1.0 are vulnerable to denial of service and uninitialized memory leak when unsanitized options are passed to `Buffer`. An attacker may leverage these unsanitized options to consume system resources.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 2.1.0 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-8w57-jfpm-945m",
"modified": "2023-04-11T00:26:58Z",
"published": "2019-06-11T16:16:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/321631"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-http-proxy-agent/blob/2.0.0/index.js#L80"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/607"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Denial of Service in http-proxy-agent"
}
GHSA-8W7M-W749-RX98
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-20 16:30 – Updated: 2026-02-02 22:21Summary
Websockets within wings lack proper rate limiting and throttling. As a result a malicious user can open a large number of connections and then request data through these sockets, causing an excessive volume of data over the network and overloading the host system memory and cpu.
Additionally, there is not a limit applied to the total size of messages being sent or received, allowing a malicious user to open thousands of websocket connections and then send massive volumes of information over the socket, overloading the host network, and causing increased CPU and memory load within Wings.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/pterodactyl/wings"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-69199"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-20T16:30:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-19T20:15:48Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nWebsockets within wings lack proper rate limiting and throttling. As a result a malicious user can open a large number of connections and then request data through these sockets, causing an excessive volume of data over the network and overloading the host system memory and cpu.\n\nAdditionally, there is not a limit applied to the total size of messages being sent or received, allowing a malicious user to open thousands of websocket connections and then send massive volumes of information over the socket, overloading the host network, and causing increased CPU and memory load within Wings.",
"id": "GHSA-8w7m-w749-rx98",
"modified": "2026-02-02T22:21:53Z",
"published": "2026-01-20T16:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/advisories/GHSA-8w7m-w749-rx98"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69199"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/09caa0d4995bd924b53b9a9e9b4883ac27bd5607"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/releases/tag/v1.12.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Pterodactyl websocket endpoints have no visible rate limits or monitoring, allowing for DOS attacks"
}
GHSA-8WCC-M6J2-QXVM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-16 19:33 – Updated: 2024-12-23 17:13Summary
ASA-2024-0012
Name: ASA-2024-0012, Transaction decoding may result in a stack overflow Component: Cosmos SDK Criticality: High (Considerable Impact, and Possible Likelihood per ACMv1.2) Affected versions: cosmos-sdk versions <= v0.50.10, <= v0.47.14 Affected users: Chain Builders + Maintainers, Validators, node operators
ASA-2024-0013
Name: ASA-2024-0013: CosmosSDK: Transaction decoding may result in resource exhaustion
Component: Cosmos SDK
Criticality: High (Considerable Impact, and Possible Likelihood per ACMv1.2)
Affected versions: cosmos-sdk versions <= v0.50.10, <= v0.47.14
Affected users: Chain Builders + Maintainers, Validators, node operators
Impact
ASA-2024-0012
When decoding a maliciously formed packet with a deeply-nested structure, it may be possible for a stack overflow to occur and result in a network halt. This was addressed by adding a recursion limit while decoding the packet.
ASA-2024-0013
Nested messages in a transaction can consume exponential cpu and memory on UnpackAny calls. Themax_tx_bytes sets a limit for external TX but is not applied for internal messages emitted by wasm contracts or a malicious validator block. This may result in a node crashing due to resource exhaustion. This was addressed by adding additional validation to prevent this condition.
Patches
The issues above are resolved in Cosmos SDK versions v0.47.15 or v0.50.11. Please upgrade ASAP.
Timeline for ASA-2024-0012
- October 1, 2024, 12:29pm UTC: Issue reported to the Cosmos Bug Bounty program
- October 1, 2024, 2:47pm UTC: Issue triaged by Amulet on-call, and distributed to Core team
- December 9, 2024, 11:13am UTC: Core team completes patch for issue
- Dec 14, 2024,16:00 UTC: Pre-notification delivered
- Dec 16, 2024, 16:00 UTC: Patch made available
This issue was reported to the Cosmos Bug Bounty Program on HackerOne on October 1, 2024.
Timeline for ASA-2024-0013
- October 19, 2024, 8:12pm UTC: Issue reported to the Cosmos Bug Bounty program
- October 19, 2024, 8:28pm UTC: Issue triaged by Amulet on-call, and distributed to Core team
- December 11, 2024, 3:31pm UTC: Core team completes patch for issue
- Dec 14, 2024, 16:00 UTC: Pre-notification delivered
- Dec 16, 2024, 16:00 UTC: Patch made available
This issue was reported by LonelySloth to the Cosmos Bug Bounty Program on HackerOne on October 19, 2024.
If you believe you have found a bug in the Interchain Stack or would like to contribute to the program by reporting a bug, please see https://hackerone.com/cosmos.
If you have questions about Interchain security efforts, please reach out to our official communication channel at security@interchain.io. For more information about the Interchain Foundation’s engagement with Amulet, and to sign up for security notification emails, please see https://github.com/interchainio/security.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.50.0-alpha.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.50.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.47.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "cosmossdk.io/x/tx"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.13.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-674"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-12-16T19:33:30Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary \n\n### ASA-2024-0012\nName: ASA-2024-0012, Transaction decoding may result in a stack overflow\nComponent: Cosmos SDK\nCriticality: High (Considerable Impact, and Possible Likelihood per [ACMv1.2](https://github.com/interchainio/security/blob/main/resources/CLASSIFICATION_MATRIX.md))\nAffected versions: cosmos-sdk versions \u003c= v0.50.10, \u003c= v0.47.14\nAffected users: Chain Builders + Maintainers, Validators, node operators\n\n### ASA-2024-0013\nName: ASA-2024-0013: CosmosSDK: Transaction decoding may result in resource exhaustion \nComponent: Cosmos SDK\nCriticality: High (Considerable Impact, and Possible Likelihood per [ACMv1.2](https://github.com/interchainio/security/blob/main/resources/CLASSIFICATION_MATRIX.md))\nAffected versions: cosmos-sdk versions \u003c= v0.50.10, \u003c= v0.47.14\nAffected users: Chain Builders + Maintainers, Validators, node operators\n\n\n\n### Impact\n\n### ASA-2024-0012\n\nWhen decoding a maliciously formed packet with a deeply-nested structure, it may be possible for a stack overflow to occur and result in a network halt. This was addressed by adding a recursion limit while decoding the packet.\n\n### ASA-2024-0013\n\nNested messages in a transaction can consume exponential cpu and memory on `UnpackAny` calls. The`max_tx_bytes` sets a limit for external TX but is not applied for internal messages emitted by wasm contracts or a malicious validator block. This may result in a node crashing due to resource exhaustion. This was addressed by adding additional validation to prevent this condition.\n\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issues above are resolved in Cosmos SDK versions v0.47.15 or v0.50.11.\nPlease upgrade ASAP.\n\n### Timeline for ASA-2024-0012\n\n* October 1, 2024, 12:29pm UTC: Issue reported to the Cosmos Bug Bounty program\n* October 1, 2024, 2:47pm UTC: Issue triaged by Amulet on-call, and distributed to Core team\n* December 9, 2024, 11:13am UTC: Core team completes patch for issue\n* Dec 14, 2024,16:00 UTC: Pre-notification delivered\n* Dec 16, 2024, 16:00 UTC: Patch made available\n\nThis issue was reported to the Cosmos Bug Bounty Program on HackerOne on October 1, 2024.\n\n### Timeline for ASA-2024-0013\n\n* October 19, 2024, 8:12pm UTC: Issue reported to the Cosmos Bug Bounty program\n* October 19, 2024, 8:28pm UTC: Issue triaged by Amulet on-call, and distributed to Core team\n* December 11, 2024, 3:31pm UTC: Core team completes patch for issue\n* Dec 14, 2024, 16:00 UTC: Pre-notification delivered\n* Dec 16, 2024, 16:00 UTC: Patch made available\n\nThis issue was reported by LonelySloth to the Cosmos Bug Bounty Program on HackerOne on October 19, 2024. \n\n\nIf you believe you have found a bug in the Interchain Stack or would like to contribute to the program by reporting a bug, please see https://hackerone.com/cosmos.\n\nIf you have questions about Interchain security efforts, please reach out to our official communication channel at [security@interchain.io](mailto:security@interchain.io). For more information about the Interchain Foundation\u2019s engagement with Amulet, and to sign up for security notification emails, please see https://github.com/interchainio/security. ",
"id": "GHSA-8wcc-m6j2-qxvm",
"modified": "2024-12-23T17:13:22Z",
"published": "2024-12-16T19:33:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/security/advisories/GHSA-8wcc-m6j2-qxvm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/commit/c6b1bdcd5628e3e425a3f02881d3c7db1d7af653"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/releases/tag/v0.47.15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/releases/tag/v0.50.11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "ASA-2024-0012, ASA-2024-0013: CosmosSDK: Transaction decoding may result in a stack overflow or resource exhaustion "
}
GHSA-8WJH-3X3G-6PJF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:25 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:31NTP before 4.2.8p9 rate limits responses received from the configured sources when rate limiting for all associations is enabled, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (prevent responses from the sources) by sending responses with a spoofed source address.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-7426"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-13T16:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "NTP before 4.2.8p9 rate limits responses received from the configured sources when rate limiting for all associations is enabled, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (prevent responses from the sources) by sending responses with a spoofed source address.",
"id": "GHSA-8wjh-3x3g-6pjf",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:31:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:25:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-7426"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bto.bluecoat.com/security-advisory/sa139"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbux03706en_us"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-16:39.ntp.asc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3707-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/633847"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://nwtime.org/ntp428p9_release"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017-0252.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.ntp.org/bin/view/Main/NtpBug3071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.ntp.org/bin/view/Main/SecurityNotice#Recent_Vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037354"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement
An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.