CWE-359
AllowedExposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product does not properly prevent a person's private, personal information from being accessed by actors who either (1) are not explicitly authorized to access the information or (2) do not have the implicit consent of the person about whom the information is collected.
323 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-PG4M-3GP6-HW4W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-18 14:26 – Updated: 2024-09-18 19:23Impact
It's possible to get access to notification filters of any user by using a URL such as <hostname>xwiki/bin/get/XWiki/Notifications/Code/NotificationFilterPreferenceLivetableResults?outputSyntax=plain&type=custom&user=<username>. This vulnerability impacts all versions of XWiki since 13.2-rc-1.
The filters do not provide much information (they mainly contain references which are public data in XWiki), though some info could be used in combination with other vulnerabilities.
Patches
The vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 14.10.21, 15.5.5, 15.10.1, 16.0RC1. The patch consists in checking the rights of the user when sending the data.
Workarounds
It's possible to workaround the vulnerability by applying manually the patch: it's possible for an administrator to edit directly the document XWiki.Notifications.Code.NotificationFilterPreferenceLivetableResults to apply the same changes as in the patch. See c8c6545f9bde6f5aade994aa5b5903a67b5c2582.
References
- Jira ticket: https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20336
- Commit: c8c6545f9bde6f5aade994aa5b5903a67b5c2582
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in Jira XWiki.org * Email us at Security Mailing List
Attribution
This vulnerability has been reported on Intigriti by Mete.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-notifications-ui"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "13.2-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "14.10.21"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-notifications-ui"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "15.0-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "15.5.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-notifications-ui"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "15.6-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "15.10.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46979"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-359"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-09-18T14:26:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-18T18:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nIt\u0027s possible to get access to notification filters of any user by using a URL such as `\u003chostname\u003exwiki/bin/get/XWiki/Notifications/Code/NotificationFilterPreferenceLivetableResults?outputSyntax=plain\u0026type=custom\u0026user=\u003cusername\u003e`. This vulnerability impacts all versions of XWiki since 13.2-rc-1.\nThe filters do not provide much information (they mainly contain references which are public data in XWiki), though some info could be used in combination with other vulnerabilities.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 14.10.21, 15.5.5, 15.10.1, 16.0RC1. \nThe patch consists in checking the rights of the user when sending the data.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIt\u0027s possible to workaround the vulnerability by applying manually the patch: it\u0027s possible for an administrator to edit directly the document `XWiki.Notifications.Code.NotificationFilterPreferenceLivetableResults` to apply the same changes as in the patch. See c8c6545f9bde6f5aade994aa5b5903a67b5c2582.\n\n### References\n\n * Jira ticket: https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20336\n * Commit: c8c6545f9bde6f5aade994aa5b5903a67b5c2582\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [Jira XWiki.org](https://jira.xwiki.org/)\n* Email us at [Security Mailing List](mailto:security@xwiki.org)\n\n### Attribution\n\nThis vulnerability has been reported on Intigriti by [Mete](https://www.linkedin.com/in/metehan-kalkan-5a3201199).",
"id": "GHSA-pg4m-3gp6-hw4w",
"modified": "2024-09-18T19:23:22Z",
"published": "2024-09-18T14:26:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-pg4m-3gp6-hw4w"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/29e5edbb2b7068ada17290cea41e0aa8144e1294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/a0352922a1a61e0e858a9be89d73f0665630a63a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/c8c6545f9bde6f5aade994aa5b5903a67b5c2582"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/ed090d1aa228848d3860968c437b72db3b09119f"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20336"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-notifications-ui leaks data of notification filters of users"
}
GHSA-PP6W-GFJ2-HQ6C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-03 21:31Exposure of private personal information to an unauthorized actor in Microsoft Edge for Android allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-58297"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-359"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-03T21:17:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Exposure of private personal information to an unauthorized actor in Microsoft Edge for Android allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-pp6w-gfj2-hq6c",
"modified": "2026-07-03T21:31:40Z",
"published": "2026-07-03T21:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58297"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-58297"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PPGF-6V2C-6GGR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-18 15:30 – Updated: 2026-06-06 09:31Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Utarit Informatics Services Inc. SoliClub allows Query System for Information.This issue affects SoliClub: from 5.2.4 before 5.3.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1030"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-359"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-18T15:15:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Utarit Informatics Services Inc. SoliClub allows Query System for Information.This issue affects SoliClub: from 5.2.4 before 5.3.7.",
"id": "GHSA-ppgf-6v2c-6ggr",
"modified": "2026-06-06T09:31:14Z",
"published": "2025-12-18T15:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1030"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-25-0466"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0466"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PPHQ-XPJC-VGQX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-02 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33Zabbix API user.get returns all users that share common group with the calling user. This includes media and other information, such as login attempts, etc.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42325"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-359"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-02T07:15:41Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Zabbix API user.get returns all users that share common group with the calling user. This includes media and other information, such as login attempts, etc.",
"id": "GHSA-pphq-xpjc-vgqx",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:27Z",
"published": "2025-04-02T09:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42325"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00027.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.zabbix.com/browse/ZBX-26258"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-PVMM-55R5-G3MM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-10 15:53 – Updated: 2024-09-10 19:01Impact
The REST API exposes the history of any page in XWiki of which the attacker knows the name. The exposed information includes for each modification of the page the time of the modification, the version number, the author of the modification (both username and displayed name) and the version comment. This information is exposed regardless of the rights setup, and even when the wiki is configured to be fully private.
On a private wiki, this can be tested by accessing /xwiki/rest/wikis/xwiki/spaces/Main/pages/WebHome/history, if this shows the history of the main page then the installation is vulnerable.
Patches
This has been patched in XWiki 15.10.9 and XWiki 16.3.0RC1.
Workarounds
There aren't any known workarounds apart from upgrading to a fixed version.
References
- https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-22052
- https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/9cbca9808300797c67779bb9a665d85cf9e3d4b8
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rest-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.8.0"
},
{
"fixed": "15.10.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rest-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "16.0.0-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "16.3.0-rc-1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45591"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-359",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-09-10T15:53:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-10T16:15:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe REST API exposes the history of any page in XWiki of which the attacker knows the name. The exposed information includes for each modification of the page the time of the modification, the version number, the author of the modification (both username and displayed name) and the version comment. This information is exposed regardless of the rights setup, and even when the wiki is configured to be fully private.\n\nOn a private wiki, this can be tested by accessing `/xwiki/rest/wikis/xwiki/spaces/Main/pages/WebHome/history`, if this shows the history of the main page then the installation is vulnerable.\n\n### Patches\nThis has been patched in XWiki 15.10.9 and XWiki 16.3.0RC1.\n\n### Workarounds\nThere aren\u0027t any known workarounds apart from upgrading to a fixed version.\n\n### References\n* https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-22052\n* https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/9cbca9808300797c67779bb9a665d85cf9e3d4b8\n",
"id": "GHSA-pvmm-55r5-g3mm",
"modified": "2024-09-10T19:01:52Z",
"published": "2024-09-10T15:53:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-pvmm-55r5-g3mm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45591"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/26482ee5d29fc21f31134d1ee13db48716e89e0f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/9cbca9808300797c67779bb9a665d85cf9e3d4b8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-22052"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "XWiki Platform document history including authors of any page exposed to unauthorized actors"
}
GHSA-Q494-JHV5-R89F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-18 21:32 – Updated: 2025-03-18 21:32Vulnerabilities in the command line interface of AOS-CX could allow an authenticated remote attacker to expose sensitive information. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to services outside of the impacted switch, potentially leading to lateral movement involving those services.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27080"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-359"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-18T19:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerabilities in the command line interface of AOS-CX could allow an authenticated remote attacker to expose sensitive information. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to services outside of the impacted switch, potentially leading to lateral movement involving those services.",
"id": "GHSA-q494-jhv5-r89f",
"modified": "2025-03-18T21:32:01Z",
"published": "2025-03-18T21:32:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27080"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbnw04818en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q4R5-8G97-825Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-04 03:30 – Updated: 2025-12-17 21:30A privacy issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, visionOS 26.1. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43389"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-359"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-04T02:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A privacy issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, visionOS 26.1. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.",
"id": "GHSA-q4r5-8g97-825q",
"modified": "2025-12-17T21:30:33Z",
"published": "2025-11-04T03:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125632"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125633"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125634"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125638"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q64V-9MH2-3XCQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-30 15:30 – Updated: 2025-09-30 15:30Cookie storage for non-HTML temporary documents was being shared incorrectly with normal browsing content, allowing information from private tabs to escape Incognito mode even after the user closed all tabs This vulnerability affects Firefox for iOS < 143.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10859"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-359"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-30T13:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cookie storage for non-HTML temporary documents was being shared incorrectly with normal browsing content, allowing information from private tabs to escape Incognito mode even after the user closed all tabs This vulnerability affects Firefox for iOS \u003c 143.1.",
"id": "GHSA-q64v-9mh2-3xcq",
"modified": "2025-09-30T15:30:29Z",
"published": "2025-09-30T15:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10859"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1684624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-79"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q9H2-893Q-85GQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-24 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:39A post-authentication information exposure vulnerability in the CGI program of Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 4.32 through 5.35, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.50 through 5.35, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware versions 4.16 through 5.35, USG20(W)-VPN firmware versions 4.16 through 5.35, VPN series firmware versions 4.30 through 5.35, NWA110AX firmware version 6.50(ABTG.2) and earlier versions, WAC500 firmware version 6.50(ABVS.0) and earlier versions, and WAX510D firmware version 6.50(ABTF.2) and earlier versions, which could allow a remote authenticated attacker to retrieve encrypted information of the administrator on an affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22918"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-359"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-24T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A post-authentication information exposure vulnerability in the CGI program of Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 4.32 through 5.35, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.50 through 5.35, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware versions 4.16 through 5.35, USG20(W)-VPN firmware versions 4.16 through 5.35, VPN series firmware versions 4.30 through 5.35, NWA110AX firmware version 6.50(ABTG.2) and earlier versions, WAC500 firmware version 6.50(ABVS.0) and earlier versions, and WAX510D firmware version 6.50(ABTF.2) and earlier versions, which could allow a remote authenticated attacker to retrieve encrypted information of the administrator on an affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-q9h2-893q-85gq",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:39:39Z",
"published": "2023-04-24T18:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22918"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-multiple-vulnerabilities-of-firewalls-and-aps"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QG2G-5GCG-RCH7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-09 06:30 – Updated: 2026-03-05 15:30A vulnerability has been found in FAST/TOOLS provided by Yokogawa Electric Corporation.
Since there are input fields on this webpage with the autocomplete attribute enabled, the input content could be saved in the browser the user is using.
The affected products and versions are as follows: FAST/TOOLS (Packages: RVSVRN, UNSVRN, HMIWEB, FTEES, HMIMOB) R9.01 to R10.04
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-66605"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-359"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-09T04:15:49Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in FAST/TOOLS provided by Yokogawa Electric Corporation.\n\n\n\nSince there are input\nfields on this webpage with the autocomplete attribute enabled, the input\ncontent could be saved in the browser the user is using.\n\n\n\nThe\naffected products and versions are as follows: FAST/TOOLS (Packages: RVSVRN, UNSVRN, HMIWEB, FTEES, HMIMOB) R9.01 to\nR10.04",
"id": "GHSA-qg2g-5gcg-rch7",
"modified": "2026-03-05T15:30:33Z",
"published": "2026-02-09T06:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66605"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web-material3.yokogawa.com/1/39206/files/YSAR-26-0001-E.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Identify and consult all relevant regulations for personal privacy. An organization may be required to comply with certain federal and state regulations, depending on its location, the type of business it conducts, and the nature of any private data it handles. Regulations may include Safe Harbor Privacy Framework [REF-340], Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) [REF-341], Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) [REF-342], General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) [REF-1047], California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) [REF-1048], and others.
Mitigation
Carefully evaluate how secure design may interfere with privacy, and vice versa. Security and privacy concerns often seem to compete with each other. From a security perspective, all important operations should be recorded so that any anomalous activity can later be identified. However, when private data is involved, this practice can in fact create risk. Although there are many ways in which private data can be handled unsafely, a common risk stems from misplaced trust. Programmers often trust the operating environment in which a program runs, and therefore believe that it is acceptable store private information on the file system, in the registry, or in other locally-controlled resources. However, even if access to certain resources is restricted, this does not guarantee that the individuals who do have access can be trusted.
Mitigation MIT-57
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Some tools can automatically analyze documents to redact, strip, or "sanitize" private information, although some human review might be necessary. Tools may vary in terms of which document formats can be processed.
- When calling an external program to automatically generate or convert documents, invoke the program with any available options that avoid generating sensitive metadata. Some formats have well-defined fields that could contain private data, such as Exchangeable image file format (Exif), which can contain potentially sensitive metadata such as geolocation, date, and time [REF-1515] [REF-1516].
CAPEC-464: Evercookie
An attacker creates a very persistent cookie that stays present even after the user thinks it has been removed. The cookie is stored on the victim's machine in over ten places. When the victim clears the cookie cache via traditional means inside the browser, that operation removes the cookie from certain places but not others. The malicious code then replicates the cookie from all of the places where it was not deleted to all of the possible storage locations once again. So the victim again has the cookie in all of the original storage locations. In other words, failure to delete the cookie in even one location will result in the cookie's resurrection everywhere. The evercookie will also persist across different browsers because certain stores (e.g., Local Shared Objects) are shared between different browsers.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-498: Probe iOS Screenshots
An adversary examines screenshot images created by iOS in an attempt to obtain sensitive information. This attack targets temporary screenshots created by the underlying OS while the application remains open in the background.
CAPEC-508: Shoulder Surfing
In a shoulder surfing attack, an adversary observes an unaware individual's keystrokes, screen content, or conversations with the goal of obtaining sensitive information. One motive for this attack is to obtain sensitive information about the target for financial, personal, political, or other gains. From an insider threat perspective, an additional motive could be to obtain system/application credentials or cryptographic keys. Shoulder surfing attacks are accomplished by observing the content "over the victim's shoulder", as implied by the name of this attack.