CWE-352
AllowedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable
The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
14237 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RRJC-892W-JVVP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:33 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:33IBM Security Privileged Identity Manager Virtual Appliance 2.2.1 is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery which could allow an attacker to execute malicious and unauthorized actions transmitted from a user that the website trusts. IBM X-Force ID: 144348.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1622"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-02T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Security Privileged Identity Manager Virtual Appliance 2.2.1 is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery which could allow an attacker to execute malicious and unauthorized actions transmitted from a user that the website trusts. IBM X-Force ID: 144348.",
"id": "GHSA-rrjc-892w-jvvp",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:33:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:33:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1622"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/144348"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ibm10879093"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RRM8-32G4-W8M3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-20 18:04 – Updated: 2021-05-12 18:30CSRF in Bitly oauth2_proxy 2.1 during authentication flow
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/bitly/oauth2_proxy"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1000069"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-12T18:30:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "CSRF in Bitly oauth2_proxy 2.1 during authentication flow",
"id": "GHSA-rrm8-32g4-w8m3",
"modified": "2021-05-12T18:30:22Z",
"published": "2021-12-20T18:04:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1000069"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bitly/oauth2_proxy/pull/360"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bitly/oauth2_proxy/commit/55085d9697962668fd4e43e8e4644144fe83cd93"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2017-1000069"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Cross-site Request Forgery (CSRF)"
}
GHSA-RRMF-FPMM-JPWR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:12 – Updated: 2024-04-25 22:53Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the addAction and purgeAction functions in ViMbAdmin 3.0.15 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of logged administrators to
1. add an administrator user via a crafted POST request to <vimbadmin directory>/application/controllers/DomainController.php,
2. remove an administrator user via a crafted GET request to <vimbadmin directory>/application/controllers/DomainController.php,
3. change an administrator password via a crafted POST request to <vimbadmin directory>/application/controllers/DomainController.php,
4. add a mailbox via a crafted POST request to <vimbadmin directory>/application/controllers/MailboxController.php,
5. delete a mailbox via a crafted POST request to <vimbadmin directory>/application/controllers/MailboxController.php,
6. archive a mailbox address via a crafted GET request to <vimbadmin directory>/application/controllers/ArchiveController.php,
7. add an alias address via a crafted POST request to <vimbadmin directory>/application/controllers/AliasController.php, or
8. remove an alias address via a crafted GET request to <vimbadmin directory>/application/controllers/AliasController.php.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "opensolutions/vimbadmin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "3.0.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6086"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-25T22:53:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-27T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the addAction and purgeAction functions in ViMbAdmin 3.0.15 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of logged administrators to\n1. add an administrator user via a crafted POST request to `\u003cvimbadmin directory\u003e/application/controllers/DomainController.php`,\n2. remove an administrator user via a crafted GET request to `\u003cvimbadmin directory\u003e/application/controllers/DomainController.php`,\n3. change an administrator password via a crafted POST request to `\u003cvimbadmin directory\u003e/application/controllers/DomainController.php`,\n4. add a mailbox via a crafted POST request to `\u003cvimbadmin directory\u003e/application/controllers/MailboxController.php`,\n5. delete a mailbox via a crafted POST request to `\u003cvimbadmin directory\u003e/application/controllers/MailboxController.php`,\n6. archive a mailbox address via a crafted GET request to `\u003cvimbadmin directory\u003e/application/controllers/ArchiveController.php`,\n7. add an alias address via a crafted POST request to `\u003cvimbadmin directory\u003e/application/controllers/AliasController.php`, or\n8. remove an alias address via a crafted GET request to `\u003cvimbadmin directory\u003e/application/controllers/AliasController.php`.",
"id": "GHSA-rrmf-fpmm-jpwr",
"modified": "2024-04-25T22:53:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:12:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/opensolutions/ViMbAdmin/issues/250"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/opensolutions/ViMbAdmin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41967"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/05/03/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "ViMbAdmin CSRF Vulnerabilities"
}
GHSA-RRP7-CQMR-2R62
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-03 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:07Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Trustindex.Io WP Testimonials plugin <= 1.4.2 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2830"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-03T12:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Trustindex.Io WP Testimonials plugin \u003c=\u00a01.4.2 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-rrp7-cqmr-2r62",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:07:04Z",
"published": "2023-10-03T12:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/testimonial-widgets/wordpress-wp-testimonials-plugin-1-4-2-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RRQ3-4F29-3CFJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:48 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:48BigTree CMS through 4.2.17 relies on a substring check for CSRF protection, which allows remote attackers to bypass this check by placing the required admin/developer/ URI within a query string in an HTTP Referer header. This was found in core/admin/modules/developer/_header.php and patched in core/inc/bigtree/admin.php on 2017-04-14.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-7881"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-15T16:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "BigTree CMS through 4.2.17 relies on a substring check for CSRF protection, which allows remote attackers to bypass this check by placing the required admin/developer/ URI within a query string in an HTTP Referer header. This was found in core/admin/modules/developer/_header.php and patched in core/inc/bigtree/admin.php on 2017-04-14.",
"id": "GHSA-rrq3-4f29-3cfj",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:48:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:48:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bigtreecms/BigTree-CMS/commit/7761481ac40d83ac29fef42bc6b3c07c86694b56"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cdxy.me/?p=765"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RRQP-G94P-GMH7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-19 15:33 – Updated: 2026-06-23 15:32Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the cas-auth plugin under default configurations.
This defect allows a remote attacker that manages to send a victim to a webpage controlled by them can cause the victim's browser to become authenticated as a different identity.
Actions the victim takes upstream are then attributed to attackers identity.
This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 3.0.0 through 3.16.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.17.0, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-49871"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-19T14:16:23Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the cas-auth plugin under default configurations.\n\nThis defect allows a\u00a0remote attacker that manages to send a victim to a webpage controlled by them can cause the victim\u0027s browser to become authenticated as a different identity.\n\nActions the victim takes upstream are then attributed to attackers identity.\n\n\nThis issue affects Apache APISIX: from 3.0.0 through 3.16.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 3.17.0, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-rrqp-g94p-gmh7",
"modified": "2026-06-23T15:32:30Z",
"published": "2026-06-19T15:33:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49871"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/1ozsnss0lof4gpwq763d66oxwxt3sycp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/06/19/14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RRRG-9WF8-2PH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-15 15:31 – Updated: 2026-06-15 15:31WordPress More Fields Plugin 2.1 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to perform unauthorized actions by disabling CSRF token validation. Attackers can craft malicious web pages that trick logged-in administrators into adding or deleting custom fields and boxes on the Write/Edit page via POST and GET requests to the options-general.php endpoint.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-20083"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-15T14:16:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "WordPress More Fields Plugin 2.1 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to perform unauthorized actions by disabling CSRF token validation. Attackers can craft malicious web pages that trick logged-in administrators into adding or deleting custom fields and boxes on the Write/Edit page via POST and GET requests to the options-general.php endpoint.",
"id": "GHSA-rrrg-9wf8-2ph2",
"modified": "2026-06-15T15:31:32Z",
"published": "2026-06-15T15:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-20083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/support/plugin/more-fields"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39507"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wordpress-more-fields-plugin-cross-site-request-forgery"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RRV5-9G7J-VQ28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:34 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:34SimplePHPscripts News Script PHP Pro 2.3 is affected by a Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability, which allows attackers to add new users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25472"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-24T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SimplePHPscripts News Script PHP Pro 2.3 is affected by a Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability, which allows attackers to add new users.",
"id": "GHSA-rrv5-9g7j-vq28",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:34:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:34:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25472"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.websec.nl"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://websec.nl"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6736997788850122752"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RRVG-2C69-P9RF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-06-16 17:28 – Updated: 2023-10-27 14:35Jenkins Xray - Test Management for Jira Plugin 2.4.0 and earlier does not require POST requests for a connection test method, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.
This vulnerability allows attackers to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.
Jenkins Xray - Test Management for Jira Plugin 2.4.1 requires POST requests for the affected connection test method.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:xray-connector"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21652"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-19T19:12:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-11T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jenkins Xray - Test Management for Jira Plugin 2.4.0 and earlier does not require POST requests for a connection test method, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.\n\nThis vulnerability allows attackers to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.\n\nJenkins Xray - Test Management for Jira Plugin 2.4.1 requires POST requests for the affected connection test method.",
"id": "GHSA-rrvg-2c69-p9rf",
"modified": "2023-10-27T14:35:10Z",
"published": "2021-06-16T17:28:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21652"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/xray-connector-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2021-05-11/#SECURITY-2251%20(1)"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "CSRF vulnerability in Jenkins Xray - Test Management for Jira Plugin allows capturing credentials"
}
GHSA-RRVQ-67JW-2VXQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:22 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:32An issue was discovered on Schneider Electric IONXXXX series power meters ION73XX series, ION75XX series, ION76XX series, ION8650 series, ION8800 series, and PM5XXX series. There is no CSRF Token generated to authenticate the user during a session. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability can allow unauthorized configuration changes to be made and saved.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5809"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-02-13T21:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on Schneider Electric IONXXXX series power meters ION73XX series, ION75XX series, ION76XX series, ION8650 series, ION8800 series, and PM5XXX series. There is no CSRF Token generated to authenticate the user during a session. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability can allow unauthorized configuration changes to be made and saved.",
"id": "GHSA-rrvq-67jw-2vxq",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:32:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:22:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5809"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-16-308-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44640"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92916"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
- Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.
Mitigation
Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]
Mitigation
Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.
Mitigation
- Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
- When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
- Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
- This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.
Mitigation
Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing
An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.