Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-352

Allowed

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable

The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.

14231 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-P4C4-Q4MG-52QH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-17 03:30 – Updated: 2024-02-17 03:30
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the Oracle Installed Base product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Engineering Change Order). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.13. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Installed Base. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Installed Base, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Installed Base accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Installed Base accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-20933"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-17T02:15:47Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Installed Base product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Engineering Change Order).  Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.13. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Installed Base.  Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Installed Base, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in  unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Installed Base accessible data as well as  unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Installed Base accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).",
  "id": "GHSA-p4c4-q4mg-52qh",
  "modified": "2024-02-17T03:30:29Z",
  "published": "2024-02-17T03:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20933"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2024.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P4F6-PRP8-FMGF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:15 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:36
VLAI
Details

Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.241 and 14.x before 14.0.0.176 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.400 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 14.0.0.178 on Windows and OS X and before 14.0.0.179 on Android, Adobe AIR SDK before 14.0.0.178, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 14.0.0.178 do not properly restrict the SWF file format, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks against JSONP endpoints, and obtain sensitive information, via a crafted OBJECT element with SWF content satisfying the character-set requirements of a callback API, in conjunction with a manipulation involving a '$' (dollar sign) or '(' (open parenthesis) character. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-4671.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-5333"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-08-19T11:16:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.241 and 14.x before 14.0.0.176 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.400 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 14.0.0.178 on Windows and OS X and before 14.0.0.179 on Android, Adobe AIR SDK before 14.0.0.178, and Adobe AIR SDK \u0026 Compiler before 14.0.0.178 do not properly restrict the SWF file format, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks against JSONP endpoints, and obtain sensitive information, via a crafted OBJECT element with SWF content satisfying the character-set requirements of a callback API, in conjunction with a manipulation involving a \u0027$\u0027 (dollar sign) or \u0027(\u0027 (open parenthesis) character. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-4671.",
  "id": "GHSA-p4f6-prp8-fmgf",
  "modified": "2025-04-12T12:36:41Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T01:15:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-5333"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/95418"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/flash-player/apsb14-18.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://miki.it/blog/2014/8/15/adobe-really-fixed-rosetta-flash-today"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-P4FG-C94R-4G8G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:15 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:15
VLAI
Details

IBM Jazz for Service Management 1.1.3.10 and IBM Tivoli Netcool/OMNIbus_GUI is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery which could allow an attacker to execute malicious and unauthorized actions transmitted from a user that the website trusts. IBM X-Force ID: 204341.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-29816"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-09-23T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Jazz for Service Management 1.1.3.10 and IBM Tivoli Netcool/OMNIbus_GUI is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery which could allow an attacker to execute malicious and unauthorized actions transmitted from a user that the website trusts. IBM X-Force ID: 204341.",
  "id": "GHSA-p4fg-c94r-4g8g",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:15:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:15:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29816"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/204341"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6491535"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-P4G3-F45P-RR3M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-10 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-13 09:30
VLAI
Details

The Royal Elementor Addons WordPress plugin before 1.3.56 does not have authorisation and CSRF checks when creating a template, and does not ensure that the post created is a template. This could allow any authenticated users, such as subscriber to create a post (as well as any post type) with an arbitrary title

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-4103"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-09T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Royal Elementor Addons WordPress plugin before 1.3.56 does not have authorisation and CSRF checks when creating a template, and does not ensure that the post created is a template. This could allow any authenticated users, such as subscriber to create a post (as well as any post type) with an arbitrary title",
  "id": "GHSA-p4g3-f45p-rr3m",
  "modified": "2023-01-13T09:30:26Z",
  "published": "2023-01-10T00:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4103"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/5e1244f7-39b5-4f37-8fef-e3f35fc388f1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P4G9-WWVQ-WQRP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-16 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in DSmidgy HTTP to HTTPS link changer by Eyga.net allows Stored XSS.This issue affects HTTP to HTTPS link changer by Eyga.net: from n/a through 0.2.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23677"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-16T20:15:43Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in DSmidgy HTTP to HTTPS link changer by Eyga.net allows Stored XSS.This issue affects HTTP to HTTPS link changer by Eyga.net: from n/a through 0.2.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-p4g9-wwvq-wqrp",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:13Z",
  "published": "2025-01-16T21:31:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23677"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/https-links-in-content/vulnerability/wordpress-http-to-https-link-changer-by-eyga-net-plugin-0-2-4-csrf-to-stored-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P4GP-PRVC-F945

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-27 09:30 – Updated: 2025-09-27 09:30
VLAI
Details

The Sync Feedly plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.1. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the crsf_cron_job_func function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to trigger content synchronization from Feedly, potentially creating multiple posts via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-9894"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-27T07:15:34Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Sync Feedly plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.1. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the crsf_cron_job_func function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to trigger content synchronization from Feedly, potentially creating multiple posts via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
  "id": "GHSA-p4gp-prvc-f945",
  "modified": "2025-09-27T09:30:24Z",
  "published": "2025-09-27T09:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9894"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/sync-feedly/trunk/sync-feedly.php#L156"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3889aa6f-987a-4a2d-80fd-28628a6ed287?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P4HM-7946-7354

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-25 06:33 – Updated: 2025-11-25 06:33
VLAI
Details

Cross-site request forgery vulnerability exists in SNC-CX600W versions prior to Ver.2.8.0. If a user accesses a specially crafted webpage while logged in, unintended operations may be performed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-62497"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-25T05:16:11Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Cross-site request forgery vulnerability exists in SNC-CX600W versions prior to Ver.2.8.0. If a user accesses a specially crafted webpage while logged in, unintended operations may be performed.",
  "id": "GHSA-p4hm-7946-7354",
  "modified": "2025-11-25T06:33:12Z",
  "published": "2025-11-25T06:33:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62497"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN75140384"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sony.com/electronics/support/ip-cameras-fixed/snc-cx600w"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P4HM-8MWQ-2H86

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Cliconomics Exclusive Content Password Protect allows Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server.This issue affects Exclusive Content Password Protect: from n/a through 1.1.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-52402"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-19T17:15:55Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Cliconomics Exclusive Content Password Protect allows Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server.This issue affects Exclusive Content Password Protect: from n/a through 1.1.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-p4hm-8mwq-2h86",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:34Z",
  "published": "2024-11-19T18:31:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-52402"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/exclusive-content-password-protect/vulnerability/wordpress-exclusive-content-password-protect-plugin-1-1-0-csrf-to-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/exclusive-content-password-protect/wordpress-exclusive-content-password-protect-plugin-1-1-0-csrf-to-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P4J4-H6C2-MGJ5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:09
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in CyberPanel through 1.8.4. On the user edit page, an attacker can edit the administrator's e-mail and password because of the lack of CSRF protection.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-13056"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-07-02T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in CyberPanel through 1.8.4. On the user edit page, an attacker can edit the administrator\u0027s e-mail and password because of the lack of CSRF protection.",
  "id": "GHSA-p4j4-h6c2-mgj5",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:09:01Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:49:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13056"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cyberpanel.net/category/news"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/153492/CyberPanel-1.8.4-Cross-Site-Request-Forgery.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P4JW-M7HW-HJRG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-25 09:32 – Updated: 2025-10-25 09:32
VLAI
Details

The FuseWP – WordPress User Sync to Email List & Marketing Automation (Mailchimp, Constant Contact, ActiveCampaign etc.) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.23.0. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the save_changes function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to add or edit sync rules via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-11976"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-25T07:15:40Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The FuseWP \u2013 WordPress User Sync to Email List \u0026 Marketing Automation (Mailchimp, Constant Contact, ActiveCampaign etc.) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.23.0. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the save_changes function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to add or edit sync rules via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
  "id": "GHSA-p4jw-m7hw-hjrg",
  "modified": "2025-10-25T09:32:57Z",
  "published": "2025-10-25T09:32:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11976"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3383939/fusewp/trunk/src/core/src/Admin/SettingsPage/SyncPage.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/e5957d6b-40e5-44c4-9a1b-e9c49e175162?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
  • Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
  • When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
  • Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
  • This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.

Mitigation
Implementation

Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.

CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)

An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.

CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing

An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.

CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification

An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.