CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
4560 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RPRX-7256-H886
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Managed File Transfer product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: MFT Runtime Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Managed File Transfer. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Managed File Transfer, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Managed File Transfer. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.9 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60537"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:53Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Managed File Transfer product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: MFT Runtime Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Managed File Transfer. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Managed File Transfer, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Managed File Transfer. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.9 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-rprx-7256-h886",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:46Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60537"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQ32-M8JV-7MJG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-23 00:30 – Updated: 2025-12-23 00:30Authentication bypass vulnerability in Xiongmai XM530 IP cameras on Firmware V5.00.R02.000807D8.10010.346624.S.ONVIF 21.06 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to access sensitive device information and live video streams. The ONVIF implementation fails to enforce authentication on 31 critical endpoints, enabling direct unauthorized video stream access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-65856"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-22T22:16:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Authentication bypass vulnerability in Xiongmai XM530 IP cameras on Firmware V5.00.R02.000807D8.10010.346624.S.ONVIF 21.06 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to access sensitive device information and live video streams. The ONVIF implementation fails to enforce authentication on 31 critical endpoints, enabling direct unauthorized video stream access.",
"id": "GHSA-rq32-m8jv-7mjg",
"modified": "2025-12-23T00:30:32Z",
"published": "2025-12-23T00:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65856"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65856"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://hangzhou.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ip.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQ57-8PJV-C6R7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-06 21:30 – Updated: 2024-10-15 21:30IBM System Storage DS8900F 89.22.19.0, 89.30.68.0, 89.32.40.0, 89.33.48.0, 89.40.83.0, and 89.40.93.0 could allow a remote user to create an LDAP connection with a valid username and empty password to establish an anonymous connection. IBM X-Force ID: 279518.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22326"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-06T19:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM System Storage DS8900F 89.22.19.0, 89.30.68.0, 89.32.40.0, 89.33.48.0, 89.40.83.0, and 89.40.93.0 could allow a remote user to create an LDAP connection with a valid username and empty password to establish an anonymous connection. \u00a0 IBM X-Force ID: 279518.",
"id": "GHSA-rq57-8pjv-c6r7",
"modified": "2024-10-15T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2024-06-06T21:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22326"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/279518"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7156621"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQC2-5FV7-4VRP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-25 18:31A flaw has been found in Chia Blockchain 2.1.0. The affected element is the function send_transaction/get_private_key of the component RPC Server Master Passphrase Handler. This manipulation causes missing authentication. The attack can only be executed locally. The attack's complexity is rated as high. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was informed early via email. A separate report via bugbounty was rejected with the reason "This is by design. The user is responsible for host security".
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3194"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-25T18:23:42Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in Chia Blockchain 2.1.0. The affected element is the function send_transaction/get_private_key of the component RPC Server Master Passphrase Handler. This manipulation causes missing authentication. The attack can only be executed locally. The attack\u0027s complexity is rated as high. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was informed early via email. A separate report via bugbounty was rejected with the reason \"This is by design. The user is responsible for host security\".",
"id": "GHSA-rqc2-5fv7-4vrp",
"modified": "2026-02-25T18:31:39Z",
"published": "2026-02-25T18:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3194"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Danimlzg/chia-rpc-auth-bypass.git"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347750"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.347750"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.757201"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQCC-H287-275C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-23 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-23 18:31Tenable Identity Exposure contains multiple unauthenticated API endpoints under /w/api/* that expose sensitive application configuration data including cleartext LDAP credentials, SAML configuration, user accounts, and directory settings to unauthenticated remote attackers. Affected responses are served with Cache-Control: public headers and without Vary: Cookie, allowing reverse proxies and CDNs to cache and serve sensitive data to unauthenticated users even after authentication is applied.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-13007"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-23T17:16:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenable Identity Exposure contains multiple unauthenticated API endpoints under /w/api/* that expose sensitive application configuration data including cleartext LDAP credentials, SAML configuration, user accounts, and directory settings to unauthenticated remote attackers. Affected responses are served with Cache-Control: public headers and without Vary: Cookie, allowing reverse proxies and CDNs to cache and serve sensitive data to unauthenticated users even after authentication is applied.",
"id": "GHSA-rqcc-h287-275c",
"modified": "2026-06-23T18:31:41Z",
"published": "2026-06-23T18:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-13007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tns-2026-16"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQFM-JVH7-6HJC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-04 18:31 – Updated: 2026-09-04 18:31PowerJob Worker version 5.1.2 (and likely earlier versions) exposes the /worker/deployContainer HTTP endpoint without authentication on the default transport port. This allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-75430"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-04T17:16:57Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "PowerJob Worker version 5.1.2 (and likely earlier versions) exposes the /worker/deployContainer HTTP endpoint without authentication on the default transport port. This allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-rqfm-jvh7-6hjc",
"modified": "2026-09-04T18:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-09-04T18:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-75430"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/unpredictable21/fcb62d394db30525412c4b5b1efd0233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PowerJob/PowerJob"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PowerJob/PowerJob/blob/master/SECURITY.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PowerJob/PowerJob/blob/master/powerjob-worker/src/main/java/tech/powerjob/worker/actors/WorkerActor.java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PowerJob/PowerJob/blob/master/powerjob-worker/src/main/java/tech/powerjob/worker/container/OmsContainerFactory.java"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQFV-2MW9-78G2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-11 20:35 – Updated: 2026-09-11 20:35Summary
In SSE/HTTP transport mode, mysql_mcp_server constructs SseServerTransport without passing security_settings. As a result, the MCP Python SDK's DNS-rebinding protection (Origin/Host header validation) is disabled; the Starlette application has no CORS or TrustedHost middleware; and the service binds to 0.0.0.0 by default with no authentication on any route.
Trigger condition: MCP_TRANSPORT=sse. The default stdio mode is not affected.
Attack Scenarios
Scenario A — Direct exposure: Any network attacker can invoke execute_sql to run arbitrary SQL without credentials → full data dump, and via MySQL FILE privileges, arbitrary file read/write and RCE.
Scenario B — DNS rebinding (local bind): An attacker lures a victim's browser to a malicious page, rebinds their domain to 127.0.0.1, and uses the browser as a proxy to invoke execute_sql as same-origin.
Root Cause
In src/mysql_mcp_server/server.py:
SseServerTransportis constructed withoutsecurity_settings— the SDK defaultsenable_dns_rebinding_protectiontoFalse.- The Starlette app has no CORS or TrustedHost middleware.
- All three routes (
/,/sse,/messages/) are unauthenticated. - The service binds to
0.0.0.0by default. - The sink is
cursor.execute(query)with a fully attacker-controlled query.
Impact
- Unauthenticated arbitrary SQL execution against the configured database
- Full data exfiltration and modification
- If the MySQL account holds
FILEprivilege: arbitrary file read (LOAD_FILE) and write (INTO OUTFILE) — potential RCE via webshell drop - Internet-wide scanning has identified 25 publicly reachable SSE instances of this project
Fix
Released in v0.4.2: DNS-rebinding protection is now enabled by passing TransportSecuritySettings(enable_dns_rebinding_protection=True) to SseServerTransport, and the documented recommended bind address is 127.0.0.1.
Credits
Discovered by Huanchen, SongWu (JHU), and BrookeYangRui (JHU).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "mysql-mcp-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-59971"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306",
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-11T20:35:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nIn SSE/HTTP transport mode, `mysql_mcp_server` constructs `SseServerTransport` without passing `security_settings`. As a result, the MCP Python SDK\u0027s DNS-rebinding protection (Origin/Host header validation) is disabled; the Starlette application has no CORS or TrustedHost middleware; and the service binds to `0.0.0.0` by default with no authentication on any route.\n\n**Trigger condition:** `MCP_TRANSPORT=sse`. The default stdio mode is not affected.\n\n## Attack Scenarios\n\n**Scenario A \u2014 Direct exposure:** Any network attacker can invoke `execute_sql` to run arbitrary SQL without credentials \u2192 full data dump, and via MySQL `FILE` privileges, arbitrary file read/write and RCE.\n\n**Scenario B \u2014 DNS rebinding (local bind):** An attacker lures a victim\u0027s browser to a malicious page, rebinds their domain to `127.0.0.1`, and uses the browser as a proxy to invoke `execute_sql` as same-origin.\n\n## Root Cause\n\nIn `src/mysql_mcp_server/server.py`:\n\n1. `SseServerTransport` is constructed without `security_settings` \u2014 the SDK defaults `enable_dns_rebinding_protection` to `False`.\n2. The Starlette app has no CORS or TrustedHost middleware.\n3. All three routes (`/`, `/sse`, `/messages/`) are unauthenticated.\n4. The service binds to `0.0.0.0` by default.\n5. The sink is `cursor.execute(query)` with a fully attacker-controlled query.\n\n## Impact\n\n- Unauthenticated arbitrary SQL execution against the configured database\n- Full data exfiltration and modification\n- If the MySQL account holds `FILE` privilege: arbitrary file read (`LOAD_FILE`) and write (`INTO OUTFILE`) \u2014 potential RCE via webshell drop\n- Internet-wide scanning has identified 25 publicly reachable SSE instances of this project\n\n## Fix\n\nReleased in v0.4.2: DNS-rebinding protection is now enabled by passing `TransportSecuritySettings(enable_dns_rebinding_protection=True)` to `SseServerTransport`, and the documented recommended bind address is `127.0.0.1`.\n\n## Credits\n\nDiscovered by Huanchen, SongWu (JHU), and BrookeYangRui (JHU).",
"id": "GHSA-rqfv-2mw9-78g2",
"modified": "2026-09-11T20:35:42Z",
"published": "2026-09-11T20:35:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/designcomputer/mysql_mcp_server/security/advisories/GHSA-rqfv-2mw9-78g2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/designcomputer/mysql_mcp_server/issues/92"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/designcomputer/mysql_mcp_server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/designcomputer/mysql_mcp_server/releases/tag/v0.4.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "MySQL MCP Server: Missing Origin/Host Validation in SSE Transport Enables Unauthenticated SQL Execution (DNS Rebinding / Direct Exposure)"
}
GHSA-RQP9-223X-28P2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-13 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:53Permission control vulnerability in the audio module. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may cause audio devices to perform abnormally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-39380"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-13T12:15:43Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Permission control vulnerability in the audio module. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may cause audio devices to perform abnormally.",
"id": "GHSA-rqp9-223x-28p2",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:53:40Z",
"published": "2023-08-13T12:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39380"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2023/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://device.harmonyos.com/en/docs/security/update/security-bulletins-202308-0000001667644725"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQPW-V3G2-QCCX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:14 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31Under certain conditions, vmdir that ships with VMware vCenter Server, as part of an embedded or external Platform Services Controller (PSC), does not correctly implement access controls.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-3952"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-10T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Under certain conditions, vmdir that ships with VMware vCenter Server, as part of an embedded or external Platform Services Controller (PSC), does not correctly implement access controls.",
"id": "GHSA-rqpw-v3g2-qccx",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:14:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3952"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-3952"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2020-0006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/157896/VMware-vCenter-Server-6.7-Authentication-Bypass.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQW7-95R3-7JQ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebLogic Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle WebLogic Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60203"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebLogic Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle WebLogic Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-rqw7-95r3-7jq6",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:23Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60203"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.