CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
3957 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X2WJ-MJF7-8RR5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-11 12:30 – Updated: 2026-08-11 12:30A missing authorization vulnerability in Windmill Labs Windmill through 1.783.0 allows authenticated operators to write job progress and read job metrics for any job in the workspace regardless of ownership. The job_metrics handlers accept no authorization extractor, bypassing workspace-level access controls. An operator can monitor sensitive job execution data and inject misleading progress for jobs they do not own.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-72542"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T12:17:39Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A missing authorization vulnerability in Windmill Labs Windmill through 1.783.0 allows authenticated operators to write job progress and read job metrics for any job in the workspace regardless of ownership. The job_metrics handlers accept no authorization extractor, bypassing workspace-level access controls. An operator can monitor sensitive job execution data and inject misleading progress for jobs they do not own.",
"id": "GHSA-x2wj-mjf7-8rr5",
"modified": "2026-08-11T12:30:23Z",
"published": "2026-08-11T12:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72542"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/windmill-labs/windmill"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X39M-3393-3QP4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-14 20:56 – Updated: 2025-11-14 20:56Summary
Unverified Email Change - Email as part of Credential / Unverified Account Recovery Channel Change
The application allows changing the account email address (used as a login identifier and/or password recovery address) without verifying the requester’s authority to make that change (no confirmation to the old email, no authentication step). Because email often functions as a credential or recovery channel, unverified email changes enable attackers to take over accounts by switching the account’s recovery/login address.
Details
Occurence - code: https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/main/packages/ui/src/views/account/index.jsx#L211
Remote and physical scenarios can be considered.
PoC
Repro steps: 1. As logged in user https://cloud.flowiseai.com/account scroll down to 'Profile' section 2. Change email to the new email 3. Notice Unverified Password Change (authenticated change without current password)
Later this email is needed as credentials to log in or reset password feature.
POC: Email changed, and notice "Profile updated" message.
Screenshot
Impact
Full account takeover (ATO) of affected accounts (loss of confidentiality and integrity of account data). User account recovery mechanisms (password reset flows tied to email) can be bypassed or abused if combined with this issue and the second one which I've reported (similar security issue with the password - part of credentials). (gain persistence)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "flowise-ui"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306",
"CWE-620"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-14T20:56:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nUnverified Email Change - Email as part of Credential / Unverified Account Recovery Channel Change\n\nThe application allows changing the account email address (used as a login identifier and/or password recovery address) without verifying the requester\u2019s authority to make that change (no confirmation to the old email, no authentication step). Because email often functions as a credential or recovery channel, unverified email changes enable attackers to take over accounts by switching the account\u2019s recovery/login address.\n\n### Details\nOccurence - code:\nhttps://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/main/packages/ui/src/views/account/index.jsx#L211\n\nRemote and physical scenarios can be considered.\n\n### PoC\n**Repro steps:**\n1. As logged in user https://cloud.flowiseai.com/account scroll down to \u0027Profile\u0027 section\n2. Change email to the new email\n3. Notice Unverified Password Change (authenticated change without current password)\n\nLater this email is needed as credentials to log in or reset password feature.\n\n**POC:**\nEmail changed, and notice \"Profile updated\" message.\n\n**Screenshot**\n\u003cimg width=\"329\" height=\"357\" alt=\"secbug\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d3c77835-35bb-47dc-8cd2-83e4e266e5a4\" /\u003e\n\n\n### Impact\nFull account takeover (ATO) of affected accounts (loss of confidentiality and integrity of account data).\nUser account recovery mechanisms (password reset flows tied to email) can be bypassed or abused if combined with this issue and the second one which I\u0027ve reported (similar security issue with the password - part of credentials). (gain persistence)",
"id": "GHSA-x39m-3393-3qp4",
"modified": "2025-11-14T20:56:02Z",
"published": "2025-11-14T20:56:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-x39m-3393-3qp4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/pull/5294"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/releases/tag/flowise%403.0.10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Flowise doesn\u0027t Prevent Bypass of Password Confirmation through Unverified Email Change (credentials)"
}
GHSA-X3J6-H5JV-F97W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-24 21:30 – Updated: 2025-12-24 21:30Rifatron 5brid DVR contains an unauthenticated vulnerability in the animate.cgi script that allows unauthorized access to live video streams. Attackers can exploit the Mobile Web Viewer module by specifying channel numbers to retrieve sequential video snapshots without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-25240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-24T20:15:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Rifatron 5brid DVR contains an unauthenticated vulnerability in the animate.cgi script that allows unauthorized access to live video streams. Attackers can exploit the Mobile Web Viewer module by specifying channel numbers to retrieve sequential video snapshots without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-x3j6-h5jv-f97w",
"modified": "2025-12-24T21:30:33Z",
"published": "2025-12-24T21:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-25240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/47368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2019-5532.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.rifatron.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-X3JV-936G-XQJ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-20 00:01 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Access Manager product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: OpenSSO Agent). Supported versions that are affected are 11.1.2.3.0, 12.2.1.3.0 and 12.2.1.4.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Access Manager. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Access Manager. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-35587"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-19T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Access Manager product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: OpenSSO Agent). Supported versions that are affected are 11.1.2.3.0, 12.2.1.3.0 and 12.2.1.4.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Access Manager. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Access Manager. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-x3jv-936g-xqj4",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:28Z",
"published": "2022-01-20T00:01:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-35587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-35587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X46H-6FMR-M5FR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-29 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-17 18:31A specially crafted script could cause the DeltaV Distributed Control System Controllers (All Versions) to restart and cause a denial-of-service condition.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26264"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-28T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A specially crafted script could cause the DeltaV Distributed Control System Controllers (All Versions) to restart and cause a denial-of-service condition.",
"id": "GHSA-x46h-6fmr-m5fr",
"modified": "2025-04-17T18:31:00Z",
"published": "2022-01-29T00:00:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26264"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-21-355-04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X48C-RRG8-735F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-30 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:18The BookIt plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in versions up to, and including, 2.3.7. This is due to insufficient verification on the user being supplied during booking an appointment through the plugin. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to log in as any existing user on the site, such as an administrator, if they have access to the email.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2834"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-30T02:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The BookIt plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in versions up to, and including, 2.3.7. This is due to insufficient verification on the user being supplied during booking an appointment through the plugin. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to log in as any existing user on the site, such as an administrator, if they have access to the email.",
"id": "GHSA-x48c-rrg8-735f",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:18:27Z",
"published": "2023-06-30T03:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2834"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lana.codes/lanavdb/0dea1346-fd60-4338-8af6-6f89c29075d4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/bookit/tags/2.3.6/includes/classes/CustomerController.php#L27"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/bookit/tags/2.3.6/includes/classes/database/Customers.php#L63"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2919529/bookit"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2925153/bookit"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2023/06/stylemixthemes-addresses-authentication-bypass-vulnerability-in-bookit-wordpress-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/cfd32e46-a4fc-4c10-b546-9f9da75db791?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X49H-W39R-5QQ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:06 – Updated: 2023-02-01 18:30Intelbras WRN240 devices do not require authentication to replace the firmware via a POST request to the incoming/Firmware.cfg URI.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-19142"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-01-17T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Intelbras WRN240 devices do not require authentication to replace the firmware via a POST request to the incoming/Firmware.cfg URI.",
"id": "GHSA-x49h-w39r-5qq6",
"modified": "2023-02-01T18:30:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:06:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19142"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fireshellsecurity.team/hack-n-routers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/156589/Intelbras-Wireless-N-150Mbps-WRN240-Authentication-Bypass.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X4HH-VFX4-455P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-15 18:31 – Updated: 2025-08-15 18:31Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in Drupal Authenticator Login allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Authenticator Login: from 0.0.0 before 2.1.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-8995"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-15T17:15:34Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in Drupal Authenticator Login allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Authenticator Login: from 0.0.0 before 2.1.4.",
"id": "GHSA-x4hh-vfx4-455p",
"modified": "2025-08-15T18:31:12Z",
"published": "2025-08-15T18:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8995"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.drupal.org/sa-contrib-2025-096"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X4M5-7H4Q-F244
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:08 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:08An issue in HNAP1/GetMultipleHNAPs of Motorola CX2 router CX 1.0.2 Build 20190508 Rel.97360n allows attackers to access the components GetStationSettings, GetWebsiteFilterSettings and GetNetworkSettings without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-21936"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-21T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in HNAP1/GetMultipleHNAPs of Motorola CX2 router CX 1.0.2 Build 20190508 Rel.97360n allows attackers to access the components GetStationSettings, GetWebsiteFilterSettings and GetNetworkSettings without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-x4m5-7h4q-f244",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:08:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:08:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-21936"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cc-crack/router/blob/master/motocx2.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://l0n0l.xyz/post/motocx2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X4MX-M5P4-FMG7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:36A vulnerability was discovered in Siemens OZW672 (all versions) and OZW772 (all versions) that could allow an attacker with access to port 21/tcp to access or alter historical measurement data stored on the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6872"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306",
"CWE-668"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-08T00:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was discovered in Siemens OZW672 (all versions) and OZW772 (all versions) that could allow an attacker with access to port 21/tcp to access or alter historical measurement data stored on the device.",
"id": "GHSA-x4mx-m5p4-fmg7",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:36:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:36:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6872"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.siemens.com/cert/pool/cert/siemens_security_advisory_ssa-563539.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99473"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.