CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
3465 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QFH9-XG32-RP5P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-14 06:34 – Updated: 2024-07-04 06:35Toshiba printers provides API without authentication for internal access. A local attacker can bypass authentication in applications, providing administrative access. As for the affected products/models/versions, see the reference URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-27169"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-14T04:15:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Toshiba printers provides API without authentication for internal access. A local attacker can bypass authentication in applications, providing administrative access. As for the affected products/models/versions, see the reference URL.",
"id": "GHSA-qfh9-xg32-rp5p",
"modified": "2024-07-04T06:35:04Z",
"published": "2024-06-14T06:34:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU97136265/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.toshibatec.com/information/20240531_01.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.toshibatec.com/information/pdf/information20240531_01.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QG57-QH29-MJXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:20D-link DSL-2750U ISL2750UEME3.V1E devices allow approximately 90 seconds of access to the control panel, after a restart, before MAC address filtering rules become active.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-13150"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-15T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "D-link DSL-2750U ISL2750UEME3.V1E devices allow approximately 90 seconds of access to the control panel, after a restart, before MAC address filtering rules become active.",
"id": "GHSA-qg57-qh29-mjxf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:20:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:20:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-13150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/idris159/4c3ea746f4b19308b8ce8d8a7e313310"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-QG79-8FM6-F6QW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-12 03:30 – Updated: 2025-05-12 06:30The specific APIs of Parking Management System from ZONG YU has a Missing Authentication vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to access specific APIs and operate system functions. These functions include opening gates and restarting the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4557"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-12T03:15:17Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The specific APIs of Parking Management System from ZONG YU has a Missing Authentication vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to access specific APIs and operate system functions. These functions include opening gates and restarting the system.",
"id": "GHSA-qg79-8fm6-f6qw",
"modified": "2025-05-12T06:30:32Z",
"published": "2025-05-12T03:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10113-58c29-2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10112-5de7e-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QG98-F7Q6-8623
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-25 12:33 – Updated: 2024-11-25 12:33Improper control of framework service permissions with possibility of some sensitive device information leakage.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-12491"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-25T10:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper control of framework service permissions with possibility of some sensitive device information leakage.",
"id": "GHSA-qg98-f7q6-8623",
"modified": "2024-11-25T12:33:23Z",
"published": "2024-11-25T12:33:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12491"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vivo.com/en/support/security-advisory-detail?id=11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QGV4-X6MV-VH78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-22 15:31 – Updated: 2024-08-22 21:31Swissphone DiCal-RED 4009 devices allow a remote attacker to gain a root shell via TELNET without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-36445"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-22T15:15:16Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Swissphone DiCal-RED 4009 devices allow a remote attacker to gain a root shell via TELNET without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-qgv4-x6mv-vh78",
"modified": "2024-08-22T21:31:29Z",
"published": "2024-08-22T15:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36445"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.swissphone.com/en-us/solutions/components/terminals/radio-data-module-dical-red"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Publikationen/Advisories/SYSS-2024-035.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QH35-4QRQ-2527
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-10 03:30 – Updated: 2024-10-10 03:30The WP Users Masquerade plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in versions up to, and including, 2.0.0. This is due to incorrect authentication and capability checking in the 'ajax_masq_login' function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to log in as any existing user on the site, such as an administrator.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9522"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-10T02:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The WP Users Masquerade plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in versions up to, and including, 2.0.0. This is due to incorrect authentication and capability checking in the \u0027ajax_masq_login\u0027 function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to log in as any existing user on the site, such as an administrator.",
"id": "GHSA-qh35-4qrq-2527",
"modified": "2024-10-10T03:30:46Z",
"published": "2024-10-10T03:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9522"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-users-masquerade/trunk/masquerade.php?rev=1703860#L162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4a4f0909-76f6-4d27-87b1-f6cd5f5cbbb7?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QHHG-CG26-G7R4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-08 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-08 18:31A flaw was found in the gorch service template, which is part of the trustyai-service-operator. Even when authentication is enabled, the gorch service exposes unproxied orchestrator and detector metrics ports. This allows any pod on the cluster network to directly access these ports, bypassing the kube-rbac-proxy and its authentication mechanisms. This could lead to unauthorized access to the orchestrator and detector metrics.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-15063"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-08T16:16:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the gorch service template, which is part of the trustyai-service-operator. Even when authentication is enabled, the gorch service exposes unproxied orchestrator and detector metrics ports. This allows any pod on the cluster network to directly access these ports, bypassing the kube-rbac-proxy and its authentication mechanisms. This could lead to unauthorized access to the orchestrator and detector metrics.",
"id": "GHSA-qhhg-cg26-g7r4",
"modified": "2026-07-08T18:31:35Z",
"published": "2026-07-08T18:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-15063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2498058"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QJ47-W9F2-QG44
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-21 09:30 – Updated: 2025-08-29 20:55Mattermost versions 10.8.x <= 10.8.3, 10.5.x <= 10.5.8, 9.11.x <= 9.11.17, 10.9.x <= 10.9.2 fail to sanitize the team invite ID in the POST /api/v4/teams/:teamId/restore endpoint which allows an team admin with no member invite privileges to get the team’s invite id.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.8.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.8.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.8.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.5.8"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.5.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.11.17"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.11.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.11.18"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.9.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.9.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.9.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.0-20250708065844-b38e2eccda18"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/v5"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "5.39.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/v6"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "6.7.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47870"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-21T16:02:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-21T08:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mattermost versions 10.8.x \u003c= 10.8.3, 10.5.x \u003c= 10.5.8, 9.11.x \u003c= 9.11.17, 10.9.x \u003c= 10.9.2 fail to sanitize the team invite ID in the POST /api/v4/teams/:teamId/restore endpoint which allows an team admin with no member invite privileges to get the team\u2019s invite id.",
"id": "GHSA-qj47-w9f2-qg44",
"modified": "2025-08-29T20:55:09Z",
"published": "2025-08-21T09:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47870"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3905"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mattermost Does Not Sanitize the Team Invite ID"
}
GHSA-QM25-6W48-7H5H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-26 06:30 – Updated: 2024-09-26 06:30The Jupiter X Core plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in all versions up to, and including, 4.7.5. This is due to improper authentication via the Social Login widget. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to log in as the first user to have logged in with a social media account, including administrator accounts. Attackers can exploit the vulnerability even if the Social Login element has been disabled, as long as it was previously enabled and used. The vulnerability was partially patched in version 4.7.5, and fully patched in version 4.7.8.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7781"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-26T05:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Jupiter X Core plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in all versions up to, and including, 4.7.5. This is due to improper authentication via the Social Login widget. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to log in as the first user to have logged in with a social media account, including administrator accounts. Attackers can exploit the vulnerability even if the Social Login element has been disabled, as long as it was previously enabled and used. The vulnerability was partially patched in version 4.7.5, and fully patched in version 4.7.8.",
"id": "GHSA-qm25-6w48-7h5h",
"modified": "2024-09-26T06:30:48Z",
"published": "2024-09-26T06:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7781"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/jupiterx-core/trunk/includes/extensions/raven/includes/modules/forms/classes/social-login-handler/facebook.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/jupiterx-core/trunk/includes/extensions/raven/includes/modules/forms/classes/social-login-handler/google.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3153667"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/efd279c2-9e95-45bd-9494-fb53a6333c65?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QM77-33RP-MP7C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-07 00:30 – Updated: 2026-02-07 00:30ACE Security WiP-90113 HD Camera contains a configuration disclosure vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to retrieve sensitive configuration files. Attackers can access the camera's configuration backup by sending a GET request to the /config_backup.bin endpoint, exposing credentials and system settings.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-37146"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-07T00:15:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ACE Security WiP-90113 HD Camera contains a configuration disclosure vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to retrieve sensitive configuration files. Attackers can access the camera\u0027s configuration backup by sending a GET request to the /config_backup.bin endpoint, exposing credentials and system settings.",
"id": "GHSA-qm77-33rp-mp7c",
"modified": "2026-02-07T00:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-02-07T00:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-37146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://acesecurity.jp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://acesecurity.jp/support/top/wip_series/wip-90113"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/aptina-ar-p-mp-camera-remote-configuration-disclosure"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.