CWE-294
AllowedAuthentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
348 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-8QQ9-R6CC-QJV9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-11 09:31 – Updated: 2026-06-11 09:31Wss4jSecurityInterceptor did not consistently wire Apache WSS4J ReplayCache instances into RequestData for validation-time checks. As a result, protections against replay of UsernameToken nonces and creation timestamps, Timestamp elements, and certain SAML one-time-use semantics could be ineffective even when operators configured a replay cache on the interceptor.
Affected versions: Spring Web Services 5.0.0 through 5.0.1; 4.1.0 through 4.1.3; 4.0.0 through 4.0.18; 3.1.0 through 3.1.8.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-11T07:16:28Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Wss4jSecurityInterceptor did not consistently wire Apache WSS4J ReplayCache instances into RequestData for validation-time checks. As a result, protections against replay of UsernameToken nonces and creation timestamps, Timestamp elements, and certain SAML one-time-use semantics could be ineffective even when operators configured a replay cache on the interceptor.\n\nAffected versions:\nSpring Web Services 5.0.0 through 5.0.1; 4.1.0 through 4.1.3; 4.0.0 through 4.0.18; 3.1.0 through 3.1.8.",
"id": "GHSA-8qq9-r6cc-qjv9",
"modified": "2026-06-11T09:31:56Z",
"published": "2026-06-11T09:31:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-41000"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8VRJ-67PJ-5X8Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-24 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:19Weak security in the transmitter of Digoo DG-HAMB Smart Home Security System v1.0 allows attackers to gain full access to the system via a code replay attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31762"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-24T00:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Weak security in the transmitter of Digoo DG-HAMB Smart Home Security System v1.0 allows attackers to gain full access to the system via a code replay attack.",
"id": "GHSA-8vrj-67pj-5x8q",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:19:27Z",
"published": "2023-05-24T00:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31762"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ashallen.net/wireless-alarm-system-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ashallen.net/wireless-alarm-system-vulnerability-disclosure"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8WW9-XWC2-P9CC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-11-14 18:30Mattermost versions 9.11.x <= 9.11.2, and 9.5.x <= 9.5.10 fail to protect the mfa code against replay attacks, which allows an attacker to reuse the MFA code within ~30 seconds
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-36250"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294",
"CWE-303"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-09T18:15:14Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Mattermost versions 9.11.x \u003c= 9.11.2, and 9.5.x \u003c= 9.5.10 fail to\u00a0protect the mfa code against replay attacks, which allows an attacker to reuse the MFA code within\u00a0~30 seconds",
"id": "GHSA-8ww9-xwc2-p9cc",
"modified": "2024-11-14T18:30:33Z",
"published": "2024-11-09T18:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36250"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8X4M-QW58-3PCX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-29 15:15 – Updated: 2026-03-29 15:15Impact
Multiple vulnerabilities were discovered in tempo/charge and tempo/session which allowed for undesirable behaviors, including:
- Replaying tempo/charge transaction hashes across push/pull modes, across charge/session endpoints, and via concurrent requests
- Performing free tempo/charge requests due to missing transfer log verification in pull-mode
- Replaying tempo/charge credentials across routes via cross-route scope confusion (memo/splits not included in scope binding)
- Manipulating the fee payer of a tempo/charge handler into paying for requests (missing sender signature before co-signing)
- Bypassing tempo/session voucher signature verification
- Piggybacking off existing tempo/session channels via settle voucher reuse and weak channel ID binding
- Performing free tempo/session requests by exploiting channel reopen without on-chain settled state
- Accepting deductions on finalized tempo/session channels
- Bypassing payment on free routes via method-mismatch fallback
- Griefing tempo/session channels via force-close detection bypass (closeRequestedAt not persisted)
Patches
Fixed in 0.4.8.
Workarounds
There are no workarounds available for these vulnerabilities.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "mppx"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.4.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288",
"CWE-294",
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-29T15:15:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nMultiple vulnerabilities were discovered in `tempo/charge` and `tempo/session` which allowed for undesirable behaviors, including:\n- Replaying `tempo/charge` transaction hashes across push/pull modes, across charge/session endpoints, and via concurrent requests\n- Performing free `tempo/charge` requests due to missing transfer log verification in pull-mode\n- Replaying `tempo/charge` credentials across routes via cross-route scope confusion (`memo`/`splits` not included in scope binding)\n- Manipulating the fee payer of a `tempo/charge` handler into paying for requests (missing sender signature before co-signing)\n- Bypassing `tempo/session` voucher signature verification\n- Piggybacking off existing `tempo/session` channels via settle voucher reuse and weak channel ID binding\n- Performing free `tempo/session` requests by exploiting channel reopen without on-chain settled state\n- Accepting deductions on finalized `tempo/session` channels\n- Bypassing payment on free routes via method-mismatch fallback\n- Griefing `tempo/session` channels via force-close detection bypass (`closeRequestedAt` not persisted)\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in 0.4.8.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere are no workarounds available for these vulnerabilities.",
"id": "GHSA-8x4m-qw58-3pcx",
"modified": "2026-03-29T15:15:36Z",
"published": "2026-03-29T15:15:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wevm/mppx/security/advisories/GHSA-8x4m-qw58-3pcx"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/wevm/mppx"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "mppx has multiple payment bypass and griefing vulnerabilities"
}
GHSA-8XVJ-F7G8-CR24
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-03 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-09 00:00Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Mitsubishi Electric MELSEC iQ-F series FX5U(C) CPU all versions and Mitsubishi Electric MELSEC iQ-F series FX5UJ CPU all versions allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to login to the product by replay attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25159"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-01T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Mitsubishi Electric MELSEC iQ-F series FX5U(C) CPU all versions and Mitsubishi Electric MELSEC iQ-F series FX5UJ CPU all versions allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to login to the product by replay attack.",
"id": "GHSA-8xvj-f7g8-cr24",
"modified": "2022-04-09T00:00:38Z",
"published": "2022-04-03T00:00:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/vu/JVNVU96577897/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-090-04"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitsubishielectric.com/en/psirt/vulnerability/pdf/2021-031_en.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-93P5-8FQW-WJX3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-15 01:57 – Updated: 2023-10-02 11:44Cosmos Network Ethermint <= v0.4.0 is affected by a transaction replay vulnerability in the EVM module. If the victim sends a very large nonce transaction, the attacker can replay the transaction through the application.
Specific Go Packages Affected
github.com/cosmos/ethermint/rpc/namespaces/eth
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/cosmos/ethermint"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-25834"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-12T21:17:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cosmos Network Ethermint \u003c= v0.4.0 is affected by a transaction replay vulnerability in the EVM module. If the victim sends a very large nonce transaction, the attacker can replay the transaction through the application.\n\n### Specific Go Packages Affected\ngithub.com/cosmos/ethermint/rpc/namespaces/eth",
"id": "GHSA-93p5-8fqw-wjx3",
"modified": "2023-10-02T11:44:19Z",
"published": "2022-02-15T01:57:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25834"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cosmos/ethermint/issues/686"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cosmos/ethermint/commit/d7bdbd7488644f0aaeee5cdcdc119c863f199f72"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cosmos/ethermint/releases/tag/v0.4.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Authentication bypass by capture-replay in github.com/cosmos/ethermint"
}
GHSA-93XV-W432-6PGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-30 21:31 – Updated: 2024-07-30 21:31In versions of Akana API Platform prior to 2024.1.0, SAML tokens can be replayed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5249"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-30T19:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In versions of Akana API Platform prior to 2024.1.0, SAML tokens can be replayed.",
"id": "GHSA-93xv-w432-6pgp",
"modified": "2024-07-30T21:31:27Z",
"published": "2024-07-30T21:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5249"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.perforce.com/s/detail/a91PA000001SUH7YAO"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-947J-6W79-84R8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-15 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:32Mengshen Wireless Door Alarm M70 2024-05-24 allows Authentication Bypass via a Capture-Replay approach.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37016"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-15T18:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mengshen Wireless Door Alarm M70 2024-05-24 allows Authentication Bypass via a Capture-Replay approach.",
"id": "GHSA-947j-6w79-84r8",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:32:00Z",
"published": "2024-07-15T18:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37016"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Publikationen/Advisories/SYSS-2024-045.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.syss.de/pentest-blog"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9522-4C39-HGPV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-15 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-05 18:32relay_cgi.cgi on Dingtian DT-R002 2CH relay devices with firmware 3.1.276A allows an attacker to replay HTTP post requests without the need for authentication or a valid signed/authorized request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29593"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-14T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "relay_cgi.cgi on Dingtian DT-R002 2CH relay devices with firmware 3.1.276A allows an attacker to replay HTTP post requests without the need for authentication or a valid signed/authorized request.",
"id": "GHSA-9522-4c39-hgpv",
"modified": "2025-05-05T18:32:12Z",
"published": "2022-07-15T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/cve-2022-29593-authentication-bypass-by-capture-replay-dingtian-dt-r002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/security-resources/security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167868/Dingtian-DT-R002-3.1.276A-Authentication-Bypass.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-992R-FC94-V8JF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:16Meross MSG100 devices before 3.2.3 allow an attacker to replay the same data or similar data (e.g., an attacker who sniffs a Close message can transmit an acceptable Open message).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-35067"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-07T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Meross MSG100 devices before 3.2.3 allow an attacker to replay the same data or similar data (e.g., an attacker who sniffs a Close message can transmit an acceptable Open message).",
"id": "GHSA-992r-fc94-v8jf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:16:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:16:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-35067"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://infosec.rm-it.de/2021/06/18/meross-smart-wi-fi-garage-door-opener-analysis"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://infosec.rm-it.de/?p=878\u0026preview=1\u0026_ppp=219bc85c2f"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.
Mitigation
Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.