CWE-294
AllowedAuthentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
423 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-29R3-8MG2-RXQP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-16 00:00Authentication bypass by capture-replay vulnerability exists in Machine automation controller NX7 series all models V1.28 and earlier, Machine automation controller NX1 series all models V1.48 and earlier, and Machine automation controller NJ series all models V 1.48 and earlier, which may allow an adjacent attacker who can analyze the communication between the controller and the specific software used by OMRON internally to cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition or execute a malicious program.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-33971"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294",
"CWE-489"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-04T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authentication bypass by capture-replay vulnerability exists in Machine automation controller NX7 series all models V1.28 and earlier, Machine automation controller NX1 series all models V1.48 and earlier, and Machine automation controller NJ series all models V 1.48 and earlier, which may allow an adjacent attacker who can analyze the communication between the controller and the specific software used by OMRON internally to cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition or execute a malicious program.",
"id": "GHSA-29r3-8mg2-rxqp",
"modified": "2022-07-16T00:00:28Z",
"published": "2022-07-05T00:00:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33971"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU97050784/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ia.omron.com/product/vulnerability/OMSR-2022-002_en.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2C92-7R7G-HM5V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:04Windows NTLM Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31958"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-08T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows NTLM Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-2c92-7r7g-hm5v",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:04:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:04:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31958"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-31958"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2CHH-R2HC-8Q2G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-05 06:30 – Updated: 2025-07-05 06:30Dradis through 4.16.0 allows referencing external images (resources) over HTTPS, instead of forcing the use of embedded (uploaded) images. This can be leveraged by an authorized author to attempt to steal the Net-NTLM hashes of other authors on a Windows domain network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-50786"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-05T04:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dradis through 4.16.0 allows referencing external images (resources) over HTTPS, instead of forcing the use of embedded (uploaded) images. This can be leveraged by an authorized author to attempt to steal the Net-NTLM hashes of other authors on a Windows domain network.",
"id": "GHSA-2chh-r2hc-8q2g",
"modified": "2025-07-05T06:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-07-05T06:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50786"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dradis.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dradis.com/ce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://securiteam.io/2025/07/04/cve-2023-50786-dradis-ntlm-theft-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2GFR-HJCW-MR7Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:30 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:33** DISPUTED ** An issue was discovered in the GAEN (aka Google/Apple Exposure Notifications) protocol through 2020-10-05, as used in COVID-19 applications on Android and iOS. The encrypted metadata block with a TX value lacks a checksum, allowing bitflipping to amplify a contamination attack. This can cause metadata deanonymization and risk-score inflation. NOTE: the vendor's position is "We do not believe that TX power authentication would be a useful defense against relay attacks."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-24722"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-07T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "** DISPUTED ** An issue was discovered in the GAEN (aka Google/Apple Exposure Notifications) protocol through 2020-10-05, as used in COVID-19 applications on Android and iOS. The encrypted metadata block with a TX value lacks a checksum, allowing bitflipping to amplify a contamination attack. This can cause metadata deanonymization and risk-score inflation. NOTE: the vendor\u0027s position is \"We do not believe that TX power authentication would be a useful defense against relay attacks.\"",
"id": "GHSA-2gfr-hjcw-mr7q",
"modified": "2024-03-21T03:33:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24722"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/update-exposure-notifications"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/exposure-notifications-internals/blob/main/en-risks-and-mitigations-faq.md#additional-considerations"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/159496/GAEN-Protocol-Metadata-Deanonymization-Risk-Score-Inflation.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Oct/12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QP5-R5HX-Q27P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-25 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-26 09:30Remote Keyless Entry System (RKES), using the 433 MHz key fob bearing FCC ID CWTR53R0 manufactured by ALPS ALPINE CO., LTD., is vulnerable to a roll-back attack against its rolling-code authentication.
An attacker within RF range who records two consecutive lock or unlock transmissions from a legitimate key fob can later replay the same pair of transmissions repeatedly. During testing, replaying the first captured transmission caused the RKES to enter a state in which replaying the second captured transmission resulted in a successful lock or unlock operation of the vehicle. Tested and confirmed on a 2024 Suzuki Swift (SWIFT ISG GLS AC 1.2 5P 4x2 TM).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-49319"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-25T15:16:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Remote Keyless Entry System (RKES), using the 433 MHz key fob bearing FCC ID CWTR53R0 manufactured by ALPS ALPINE CO., LTD., is vulnerable to a roll-back attack against its rolling-code authentication.\u00a0\n\n\n\nAn attacker within RF range who records two consecutive lock or unlock transmissions from a legitimate key fob can later replay the same pair of transmissions repeatedly. During testing, replaying the first captured transmission caused the RKES to enter a state in which replaying the second captured transmission resulted in a successful lock or unlock operation of the vehicle. Tested and confirmed on\u00a0a 2024 Suzuki Swift (SWIFT ISG GLS AC 1.2 5P 4x2 TM).",
"id": "GHSA-2qp5-r5hx-q27p",
"modified": "2026-06-26T09:30:46Z",
"published": "2026-06-25T15:32:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49319"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fccid.io/CWTR53R0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.asrg.io/security-advisories/cve-2026-49319-suzuki-swift-2024-rkes-rollback-replay"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2VPV-3C94-J6HF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:50oBike relies on Hangzhou Luoping Smart Locker to lock bicycles, which allows attackers to bypass the locking mechanism by using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to replay ciphertext based on a predictable nonce used in the locking protocol.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16242"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-14T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "oBike relies on Hangzhou Luoping Smart Locker to lock bicycles, which allows attackers to bypass the locking mechanism by using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to replay ciphertext based on a predictable nonce used in the locking protocol.",
"id": "GHSA-2vpv-3c94-j6hf",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:50:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:50:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16242"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2018/Sep/30"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2XJH-35WJ-VW46
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:42Skype for Business in Microsoft Lync 2013 SP1 and Skype for Business 2016 allows an attacker to steal an authentication hash that can be reused elsewhere, due to how Skype for Business handles authentication requests, aka "Skype for Business Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-11786"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-13T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Skype for Business in Microsoft Lync 2013 SP1 and Skype for Business 2016 allows an attacker to steal an authentication hash that can be reused elsewhere, due to how Skype for Business handles authentication requests, aka \"Skype for Business Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-2xjh-35wj-vw46",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:42:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:42:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11786"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-11786"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039530"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3252-V85M-5FQ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-16 15:33 – Updated: 2026-07-16 15:33HCL DFXAnalytics is affected by a Login Replay Attack vulnerability. The application allows a remote attacker to intercept, delay, or fraudulently retransmit valid authentication data to achieve unauthorized access. To mitigate this risk, the application must implement a mechanism to include timestamps with every message, ensuring that messages exceeding a specific age threshold are automatically rejected by the recipient system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35141"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-16T14:16:50Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "HCL DFXAnalytics is affected by a Login Replay Attack vulnerability. The application allows a remote attacker to intercept, delay, or fraudulently retransmit valid authentication data to achieve unauthorized access. To mitigate this risk, the application must implement a mechanism to include timestamps with every message, ensuring that messages exceeding a specific age threshold are automatically rejected by the recipient system.",
"id": "GHSA-3252-v85m-5fq8",
"modified": "2026-07-16T15:33:10Z",
"published": "2026-07-16T15:33:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35141"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcl-software.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0131787"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3488-4MH8-47J4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-26 00:31 – Updated: 2026-08-26 00:31Spring Security's DPoPProofJwtDecoderFactory contains a cache-based replay attack vulnerability. The internal cache storing JWT ID claims has a strict size limit, allowing attackers to evict legitimate entries by flooding the server with dummy requests, then replay intercepted valid DPoP proofs. Spring Security 7.1.0 Spring Security 7.0.0 - 7.0.6 Spring Security 6.5.0 - 6.5.11
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41707"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T23:16:59Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Spring Security\u0027s DPoPProofJwtDecoderFactory contains a cache-based replay attack vulnerability. The internal cache storing JWT ID claims has a strict size limit, allowing attackers to evict legitimate entries by flooding the server with dummy requests, then replay intercepted valid DPoP proofs.\nSpring Security 7.1.0\nSpring Security 7.0.0 - 7.0.6\nSpring Security 6.5.0 - 6.5.11",
"id": "GHSA-3488-4mh8-47j4",
"modified": "2026-08-26T00:31:03Z",
"published": "2026-08-26T00:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41707"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-41707"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-35W3-6QHC-474V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-29 20:16 – Updated: 2024-03-29 20:16Impact
A user can reuse an expired session by controlling the x-workos-session header.
Patches
Patched in https://github.com/workos/authkit-nextjs/releases/tag/v0.4.2
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@workos-inc/authkit-nextjs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-29901"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-29T20:16:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-29T16:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nA user can reuse an expired session by controlling the `x-workos-session` header.\n\n### Patches\n\nPatched in https://github.com/workos/authkit-nextjs/releases/tag/v0.4.2",
"id": "GHSA-35w3-6qhc-474v",
"modified": "2024-03-29T20:16:00Z",
"published": "2024-03-29T20:16:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/workos/authkit-nextjs/security/advisories/GHSA-35w3-6qhc-474v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29901"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/workos/authkit-nextjs/commit/6c3f4f3179d66cbb15de3962792083ff3b244a01"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/workos/authkit-nextjs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/workos/authkit-nextjs/releases/tag/v0.4.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@workos-inc/authkit-nextjs session replay vulnerability"
}
Mitigation
Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.
Mitigation
Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.