CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5964 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X4QC-6Q9C-46QW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-19 12:30 – Updated: 2022-12-28 21:30A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Click Studios Passwordstate and Passwordstate Browser Extension Chrome. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component API. The manipulation leads to authentication bypass by assumed-immutable data. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-216244.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3875"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-302"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-19T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Click Studios Passwordstate and Passwordstate Browser Extension Chrome. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component API. The manipulation leads to authentication bypass by assumed-immutable data. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-216244.",
"id": "GHSA-x4qc-6q9c-46qw",
"modified": "2022-12-28T21:30:22Z",
"published": "2022-12-19T12:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3875"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://modzero.com/modlog/archives/2022/12/19/better_make_sure_your_password_manager_is_secure/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.216244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.modzero.com/static/MZ-22-03_Passwordstate_Security_Disclosure_Report-v1.0.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X4QW-9JHM-224P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:56 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:56Google Chrome before 25.0.1364.152 does not properly manage the interaction between the browser process and renderer processes during authorization of the loading of a plug-in, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via vectors involving a blocked plug-in.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-0910"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-03-05T21:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Google Chrome before 25.0.1364.152 does not properly manage the interaction between the browser process and renderer processes during authorization of the loading of a plug-in, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via vectors involving a blocked plug-in.",
"id": "GHSA-x4qw-9jhm-224p",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:56:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:56:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-0910"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=172573"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://codereview.chromium.org/12086077"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A16574"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome?view=rev\u0026revision=180103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2013/03/stable-channel-update_4.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X4R2-3H7H-5JGV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:52 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:52CAPTCHA bypass vulnerability in MantisBT before 1.2.19.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-9624"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-12T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "CAPTCHA bypass vulnerability in MantisBT before 1.2.19.",
"id": "GHSA-x4r2-3h7h-5jgv",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:52:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:52:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-9624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1183593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/100213"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mantisbt.org/bugs/changelog_page.php?project=mantisbt\u0026version=1.2.19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mantisbt.org/bugs/view.php?id=17984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/01/18/11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1031633"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X4RJ-F7M6-42C3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-30 13:49 – Updated: 2024-05-30 13:49It has been discovered that TYPO3’s Salted Password system extension (which is a mandatory system component) is vulnerable to Authentication Bypass when using hashing methods which are related by PHP class inheritance. In standard TYPO3 core distributions stored passwords using the blowfish hashing algorithm can be overridden when using MD5 as the default hashing algorithm by just knowing a valid username. Per default the Portable PHP hashing algorithm (PHPass) is used which is not vulnerable.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.7.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.3.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.6.30"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-30T13:49:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "It has been discovered that TYPO3\u2019s Salted Password system extension (which is a mandatory system component) is vulnerable to Authentication Bypass when using hashing methods which are related by PHP class inheritance. In standard TYPO3 core distributions stored passwords using the blowfish hashing algorithm can be overridden when using MD5 as the default hashing algorithm by just knowing a valid username. Per default the Portable PHP hashing algorithm (PHPass) is used which is not vulnerable.",
"id": "GHSA-x4rj-f7m6-42c3",
"modified": "2024-05-30T13:49:16Z",
"published": "2024-05-30T13:49:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/typo3/cms-core/2018-07-12-1.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/TYPO3-CMS/core"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-core-sa-2018-001"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "TYPO3 CMS Authentication Bypass vulnerability"
}
GHSA-X4VW-32X4-HM2P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:37 – Updated: 2023-04-26 21:30An issue was discovered on D-Link DSL-2888A devices with firmware prior to AU_2.31_V1.1.47ae55. Lack of authentication functionality allows an attacker to assign a static IP address that was once used by a valid user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-24580"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-22T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on D-Link DSL-2888A devices with firmware prior to AU_2.31_V1.1.47ae55. Lack of authentication functionality allows an attacker to assign a static IP address that was once used by a valid user.",
"id": "GHSA-x4vw-32x4-hm2p",
"modified": "2023-04-26T21:30:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:37:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24580"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/d-link-multiple-security-vulnerabilities-leading-to-rce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/security-resources/security-advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X549-R7M8-GV63
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:23 – Updated: 2024-10-23 18:30SaltStack Salt 2016.11.x before 2016.11.10, 2017.7.x before 2017.7.8 and 2018.3.x before 2018.3.3 allow remote attackers to bypass authentication and execute arbitrary commands via salt-api(netapi).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2017.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2017.7.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2018.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2018.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2016.11.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2016.11.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-15751"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-22T22:21:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-24T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "SaltStack Salt 2016.11.x before 2016.11.10, 2017.7.x before 2017.7.8 and 2018.3.x before 2018.3.3 allow remote attackers to bypass authentication and execute arbitrary commands via salt-api(netapi).",
"id": "GHSA-x549-r7m8-gv63",
"modified": "2024-10-23T18:30:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:23:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15751"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltstack.com/en/2017.7/topics/releases/2017.7.8.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/releases/2018.3.3.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/salt/PYSEC-2018-30.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/8f9405cf8e6f7d7776d5000841c886dec6d96250/doc/topics/releases/2016.11.10.rst#L13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/8f9405cf8e6f7d7776d5000841c886dec6d96250/doc/topics/releases/2017.7.8.rst#L26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/8f9405cf8e6f7d7776d5000841c886dec6d96250/doc/topics/releases/2018.3.3.rst#L56"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/d/msg/salt-users/L9xqcJ0UXxs/qgDj42obBQAJ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/d/msg/salt-users/dimVF7rpphY/jn3Xv3MbBQAJ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/07/msg00024.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4459-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-07/msg00070.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "SaltStack Salt Remote command execution and incorrect access control when using salt-api"
}
GHSA-X5F7-M6J9-3793
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-18 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-22 00:01TCMAN GIM is vulnerable to a lack of authorization in all available webservice methods listed in /PC/WebService.asmx. The exploitation of this vulnerability might allow a remote attacker to obtain information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40851"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-17T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TCMAN GIM is vulnerable to a lack of authorization in all available webservice methods listed in /PC/WebService.asmx. The exploitation of this vulnerability might allow a remote attacker to obtain information.",
"id": "GHSA-x5f7-m6j9-3793",
"modified": "2021-12-22T00:01:34Z",
"published": "2021-12-18T00:00:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40851"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe-cert.es/en/early-warning/security-advisories/tcman-gim-sql-improper-authentication"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X5M3-M392-XF85
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-06 15:34 – Updated: 2025-03-07 18:31An issue in TAAGSOLUTIONS GmbH MyTaag v.2024-11-24 and before allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the "/user" endpoint
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-25452"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-06T15:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in TAAGSOLUTIONS GmbH MyTaag v.2024-11-24 and before allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the \"/user\" endpoint",
"id": "GHSA-x5m3-m392-xf85",
"modified": "2025-03-07T18:31:04Z",
"published": "2025-03-06T15:34:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://piuswalter.de/blog/2fa-bypass-and-deactivation-attack-in-mytaag"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X5Q3-C8RM-W787
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-03 16:53 – Updated: 2025-01-21 17:19Authd PAM module up to version 0.3.4 can allow broker-managed users to impersonate any other user managed by the same broker and perform any PAM operation with it, including authenticating as them.
This is possible using tools such as su, sudo or ssh (and potentially others) that, so far, do not ensure that the PAM user at the end of the transaction is matching the one who initiated the transaction.
Authd 0.3.5 fixes this by not allowing changing the user unless it was never set before in the PAM stack.
su version that will include https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/pull/3206 will not be affected
ssh version that will include https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/pull/521 will not be affected
sudo version that will include https://github.com/sudo-project/sudo/pull/412 will not be affected
login not affected
passwd not affected
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/ubuntu/authd"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.0-20240930103526-63e527496b01"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/ubuntu/authd"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9313"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-03T16:53:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-03T11:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authd PAM module up to version 0.3.4 can allow broker-managed users to impersonate any other user managed by the same broker and perform any PAM operation with it, including authenticating as them.\n\nThis is possible using tools such as `su`, `sudo` or `ssh` (and potentially others) that, so far, do not ensure that the PAM user at the end of the transaction is matching the one who initiated the transaction.\n\nAuthd 0.3.5 fixes this by not allowing changing the user unless it was never set before in the PAM stack.\n\n`su` version that will include https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/pull/3206 will not be affected\n`ssh` version that will include https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/pull/521 will not be affected\n`sudo` version that will include https://github.com/sudo-project/sudo/pull/412 will not be affected\n`login` not affected\n`passwd` not affected\n\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003eOld report\u003c/summary\u003e\n\n### Summary\n\nAn user can access as another user using its own credentials\n\n### Details\n\nI feel we\u2019ve a security issue that is due to the fact that we allow changing the user in the cases in which that\u2019s already provided by PAM, I\u2019ve not tested this using the entra-id broker but it\u2019s reproducible with the example one, but unless I\u2019m missing something it should be independent from the broker in use.\n\nBasically, by going to the user selection page we allow to login as any user by entering the use own credentials.\n\nSee for example: https://asciinema.org/a/VIcjpDImomaGu0wxsJJxNdmlf or https://asciinema.org/a/CV3D1gaEhn2yclqSMKCnifYPo \n\nBasically it\u2019s possible to logging in as `user1` using the credentials of `user2` or `user3`.\n\nThe issue doesn\u2019t affect login or passwd, but it does affect `su` and `sshd`, since in both cases they don\u2019t check if the `PAM_USER` changed before the final authentication.\n\nNow, while those tools should likely be fixed to only read the PAM_USER once pam gave them the final ok, I think authd should not allow changing the user at all when it has been provided by PAM.\n\u003c/details\u003e",
"id": "GHSA-x5q3-c8rm-w787",
"modified": "2025-01-21T17:19:31Z",
"published": "2024-10-03T16:53:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ubuntu/authd/security/advisories/GHSA-x5q3-c8rm-w787"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9313"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ubuntu/authd/commit/63e527496b013bed46904c1c58be593c13ebdce5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ubuntu/authd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-3181"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9313"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "PAM module may allow accessing with the credentials of another user"
}
GHSA-X5Q7-P9G5-58X7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-15 09:36 – Updated: 2024-07-16 18:31Mattermost Mobile Apps versions <=2.16.0 fail to validate that the push notifications received for a server actually came from this serve that which allows a malicious server to send push notifications with another server’s diagnostic ID or server URL and have them show up in mobile apps as that server’s push notifications.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39767"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-15T09:15:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mattermost Mobile Apps versions \u003c=2.16.0 fail to validate that the push notifications received for a server actually came from this serve that which allows a malicious server to send push notifications with another server\u2019s diagnostic ID or server URL and have them show up in mobile apps as that server\u2019s push notifications.",
"id": "GHSA-x5q7-p9g5-58x7",
"modified": "2024-07-16T18:31:42Z",
"published": "2024-07-15T09:36:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39767"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.