CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5966 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-WMX7-PW49-88JX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-25 17:58 – Updated: 2024-07-26 21:40Craft CMS 5 allows reuse of TOTP tokens multiple times within the validity period.
Impact
An attacker is able to re-submit a valid TOTP token to establish an authenticated session. This requires that the attacker has knowledge of the victim's credentials.
A TOTP token can be used multiple times to establish an authenticated session. RFC 6238 insists that an OTP must not be used more than once.
The verifier MUST NOT accept the second attempt of the OTP after the successful validation has been issued for the first OTP, which ensures one-time only use of an OTP.
The OWASP Application Security Verification Standard v4.0.3 (ASVS) reiterates this property with requirement 2.8.4.
Verify that time-based OTP can be used only once within the validity period.
It should also be noted that the validity period of an TOTP token is 2 minutes. This makes a successful brute force attack more likely, since the four tokens are valid at the same time.
Patches
This has been patched in Craft 5.2.3.
References:
https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2024/SBA-ADV 2024061701_CraftCMS_TOTP_Valid_After_Use
https://github.com/craftcms/cms/releases/tag/5.2.3
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.2.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "craftcms/cms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0-beta.1"
},
{
"fixed": "5.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41800"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-25T17:58:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-25T17:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Craft CMS 5 allows reuse of TOTP tokens multiple times within the validity period.\n\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker is able to re-submit a valid TOTP token to establish an authenticated session. This requires that the attacker has knowledge of the victim\u0027s credentials.\n\nA TOTP token can be used multiple times to establish an authenticated session.\n[RFC 6238](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6238) insists that an OTP must not be used more than once.\n\n\u003e The verifier MUST NOT accept the second attempt of the OTP after the successful validation has been issued for the first OTP, which ensures one-time only use of an OTP.\n\nThe OWASP Application Security Verification Standard v4.0.3 (ASVS) [reiterates\nthis property with requirement 2.8.4](https://github.com/OWASP/ASVS/blob/v4.0.3/4.0/en/0x11-V2-Authentication.md#v28-one-time-verifier).\n\n\u003e Verify that time-based OTP can be used only once within the validity period.\n\nIt should also be noted that the validity period of an TOTP token is 2 minutes. This makes a successful brute force attack more likely, since the four tokens are valid at the same time.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis has been patched in Craft 5.2.3.\n\nReferences:\n\nhttps://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2024/SBA-ADV 2024061701_CraftCMS_TOTP_Valid_After_Use\n\nhttps://github.com/craftcms/cms/releases/tag/5.2.3",
"id": "GHSA-wmx7-pw49-88jx",
"modified": "2024-07-26T21:40:26Z",
"published": "2024-07-25T17:58:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-wmx7-pw49-88jx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41800"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/7c790fa5ad5a8cb8016cb6793ec3554c4c079e38"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/releases/tag/5.2.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2024/SBA-ADV-20240617-01_CraftCMS_TOTP_Valid_After_Use"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Craft CMS Allows TOTP Token To Stay Valid After Use"
}
GHSA-WP25-8FM6-33WM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:19 – Updated: 2022-06-03 00:01Improper Authentication vulnerability in TLS origin verification of Apache Traffic Server allows for man in the middle attacks. This issue affects Apache Traffic Server 8.0.0 to 8.0.8.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38161"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-03T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Authentication vulnerability in TLS origin verification of Apache Traffic Server allows for man in the middle attacks. This issue affects Apache Traffic Server 8.0.0 to 8.0.8.",
"id": "GHSA-wp25-8fm6-33wm",
"modified": "2022-06-03T00:01:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:19:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38161"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/k01797hyncx53659wr3o72s5cvkc3164"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5153"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WP4R-2XXM-F94X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30A security vulnerability has been detected in ItzCrazyKns Vane up to 1.12.1. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file route.ts of the component API. The manipulation leads to missing authentication. The attack may be initiated remotely. The attack's complexity is rated as high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. It appears that basic authentication is planned.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9371"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-24T10:16:16Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in ItzCrazyKns Vane up to 1.12.1. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file route.ts of the component API. The manipulation leads to missing authentication. The attack may be initiated remotely. The attack\u0027s complexity is rated as high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. It appears that basic authentication is planned.",
"id": "GHSA-wp4r-2xxm-f94x",
"modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:32Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9371"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ItzCrazyKns/Vane/issues/1122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ItzCrazyKns/Vane/issues/1123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ItzCrazyKns/Vane"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/813209"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/813210"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365334"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365334/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-WP4R-4843-VX39
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:31 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:31Apple Safari before 3.2.2 processes a 3xx HTTP CONNECT response before a successful SSL handshake, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary web script, in an https site's context, by modifying this CONNECT response to specify a 302 redirect to an arbitrary https web site.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-2062"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-06-15T19:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Apple Safari before 3.2.2 processes a 3xx HTTP CONNECT response before a successful SSL handshake, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary web script, in an https site\u0027s context, by modifying this CONNECT response to specify a 302 redirect to an arbitrary https web site.",
"id": "GHSA-wp4r-4843-vx39",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:31:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-2062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/51202"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=79323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/79323/pbp-final-with-update.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/35412"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-WP4V-6RRV-WQV9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-12 00:31 – Updated: 2026-02-13 15:30An authorization issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.3 and iPadOS 26.3, iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5. An attacker with physical access to a locked device may be able to view sensitive user information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20655"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-11T23:16:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An authorization issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.3 and iPadOS 26.3, iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5. An attacker with physical access to a locked device may be able to view sensitive user information.",
"id": "GHSA-wp4v-6rrv-wqv9",
"modified": "2026-02-13T15:30:24Z",
"published": "2026-02-12T00:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20655"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126346"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126347"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WPCM-PG4G-V7C4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-03 00:00In Zoho ManageEngine SupportCenter Plus before 11023, V3 API requests are vulnerable to authentication bypass. (An API request may, in effect, be executed with the credentials of a user who authenticated in the past.)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36412"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-26T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In Zoho ManageEngine SupportCenter Plus before 11023, V3 API requests are vulnerable to authentication bypass. (An API request may, in effect, be executed with the credentials of a user who authenticated in the past.)",
"id": "GHSA-wpcm-pg4g-v7c4",
"modified": "2022-08-03T00:00:54Z",
"published": "2022-07-27T00:00:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36412"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.manageengine.com/products/support-center/cve-2022-36412.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WPFJ-WC8P-WV72
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:42 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:42This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of D-Link DVA-2800 and DSL-2888A firmware version 2.3 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the dhttpd service, which listens on TCP port 8008 by default. The issue results from incorrect string matching logic when accessing protected pages. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to disclose stored credentials, leading to further compromise. Was ZDI-CAN-10912.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-27863"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-288"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-12T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of D-Link DVA-2800 and DSL-2888A firmware version 2.3 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the dhttpd service, which listens on TCP port 8008 by default. The issue results from incorrect string matching logic when accessing protected pages. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to disclose stored credentials, leading to further compromise. Was ZDI-CAN-10912.",
"id": "GHSA-wpfj-wc8p-wv72",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:42:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:42:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27863"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10196"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-20-1427"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-WPP8-FP59-G7VC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:25 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:25McAfee Email and Web Security (EWS) 5.x before 5.5 Patch 6 and 5.6 before Patch 3, and McAfee Email Gateway (MEG) 7.0 before Patch 1, does not disable the server-side session token upon the closing of the Management Console/Dashboard, which makes it easier for remote attackers to hijack sessions by capturing a session cookie and then modifying the response to a login attempt, related to a "Logout Failure" issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-4581"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-08-22T10:42:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "McAfee Email and Web Security (EWS) 5.x before 5.5 Patch 6 and 5.6 before Patch 3, and McAfee Email Gateway (MEG) 7.0 before Patch 1, does not disable the server-side session token upon the closing of the Management Console/Dashboard, which makes it easier for remote attackers to hijack sessions by capturing a session cookie and then modifying the response to a login attempt, related to a \"Logout Failure\" issue.",
"id": "GHSA-wpp8-fp59-g7vc",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:25:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:25:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-4581"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10020"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-WPPF-7C2C-MMM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:12 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:12EMC Smarts Network Configuration Manager (NCM) before 9.2 does not require authentication for all Java RMI method calls, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-0935"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-03-28T15:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "EMC Smarts Network Configuration Manager (NCM) before 9.2 does not require authentication for all Java RMI method calls, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-wppf-7c2c-mmm7",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:12:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:12:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-0935"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2013-03/0135.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-WPRP-JM6R-6W3Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:07 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:07Incorrect Access Control vulnearbility in Halo 0.4.3, which allows a malicious user to bypass encrption to view encrpted articles via cookies.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-19037"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-12T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Incorrect Access Control vulnearbility in Halo 0.4.3, which allows a malicious user to bypass encrption to view encrpted articles via cookies.",
"id": "GHSA-wprp-jm6r-6w3q",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:07:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:07:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-19037"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/halo-dev/halo/issues/135"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.