Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5984 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-PRVP-XGC5-F378

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-30 00:34 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:31
VLAI
Details

An authentication issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.6, iOS 17.6 and iPadOS 17.6, iOS 16.7.9 and iPadOS 16.7.9. Photos in the Hidden Photos Album may be viewed without authentication.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-40778"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-29T23:15:11Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "An authentication issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.6, iOS 17.6 and iPadOS 17.6, iOS 16.7.9 and iPadOS 16.7.9. Photos in the Hidden Photos Album may be viewed without authentication.",
  "id": "GHSA-prvp-xgc5-f378",
  "modified": "2026-04-02T21:31:47Z",
  "published": "2024-07-30T00:34:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40778"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120908"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120909"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120911"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214116"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214117"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214119"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214116"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214117"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214119"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/16"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/17"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/18"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PV29-WMRF-FX43

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-06 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:30
VLAI
Details

Improper authentication in Phone and Messaging Storage SMR SEP-2023 Release 1 allows attacker to insert arbitrary data to the provider.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-30711"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-06T04:15:12Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Improper authentication in Phone and Messaging Storage SMR SEP-2023 Release 1 allows attacker to insert arbitrary data to the provider.",
  "id": "GHSA-pv29-wmrf-fx43",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T07:30:45Z",
  "published": "2023-09-06T06:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30711"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2023\u0026month=09"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PV49-7HJ2-G6CV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-02 00:01 – Updated: 2022-09-08 00:00
VLAI
Details

Dell CloudLink 7.1.3 and all earlier versions contain an Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel Vulnerability. A high privileged local attacker may potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to authentication bypass and access the CloudLink system console. This is critical severity vulnerability as it allows attacker to take control of the system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-34380"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-01T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Dell CloudLink 7.1.3 and all earlier versions contain an Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel Vulnerability. A high privileged local attacker may potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to authentication bypass and access the CloudLink system console. This is critical severity vulnerability as it allows attacker to take control of the system.",
  "id": "GHSA-pv49-7hj2-g6cv",
  "modified": "2022-09-08T00:00:33Z",
  "published": "2022-09-02T00:01:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34380"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000202058/dsa-2022-210-dell-emc-cloudlink-security-update-for-multiple-security-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PV76-F73P-J7VQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:51
VLAI
Details

There is an improper authentication vulnerability in some Huawei AP products before version V200R009C00SPC800. Due to the improper implementation of authentication for the serial port, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability by connecting to the affected products and running a series of commands.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-5298"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-06-04T19:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "There is an improper authentication vulnerability in some Huawei AP products before version V200R009C00SPC800. Due to the improper implementation of authentication for the serial port, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability by connecting to the affected products and running a series of commands.",
  "id": "GHSA-pv76-f73p-j7vq",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T00:51:32Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:47:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5298"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20190327-01-ap-en"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PV7F-H3W8-W3JH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-25 00:00 – Updated: 2023-07-21 18:30
VLAI
Details

Velneo vClient on its 28.1.3 version, does not correctly check the certificate of authenticity by default. This could allow an attacker that has access to the network to perform a MITM attack in order to obtain the user´s credentials.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-45035"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-23T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Velneo vClient on its 28.1.3 version, does not correctly check the certificate of authenticity by default. This could allow an attacker that has access to the network to perform a MITM attack in order to obtain the user\u00b4s credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-pv7f-h3w8-w3jh",
  "modified": "2023-07-21T18:30:36Z",
  "published": "2022-09-25T00:00:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45035"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://doc.velneo.com/v/29/velneo/notas-de-la-version#verificacion-de-certificados"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://velneo.es/publicacion-de-incidencia-de-seguridad-en-cve-cve-2021-45035"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.incibe-cert.es/en/early-warning/security-advisories/velneo-vclient-improper-authentication"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.velneo.com/blog/nueva-revision-velneo-29-2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PVCV-Q3Q7-266G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 17:19 – Updated: 2026-06-08 20:07
VLAI
Summary
Filament multi-factor authentication (app) recovery codes can be used multiple times
Details

A flaw in the handling of recovery codes for app-based multi-factor authentication allows the same recovery code to be reused indefinitely. This issue does not affect email-based MFA. It also only applies when recovery codes are enabled.

If an attacker gains access to both the user's password and their recovery codes, they can repeatedly complete MFA without the user's app-based second factor. This weakens the expected security of MFA by turning recovery codes into a static, long-term bypass method.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "filament/filament"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.3.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-67507"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-288"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-09T17:19:10Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-10T01:15:52Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A flaw in the handling of recovery codes for **app-based multi-factor authentication** allows the same recovery code to be reused indefinitely. This issue does **not** affect email-based MFA. It also only applies when recovery codes are enabled.\n\nIf an attacker gains access to both the user\u0027s password and their recovery codes, they can repeatedly complete MFA without the user\u0027s app-based second factor. This weakens the expected security of MFA by turning recovery codes into a static, long-term bypass method.",
  "id": "GHSA-pvcv-q3q7-266g",
  "modified": "2026-06-08T20:07:14Z",
  "published": "2025-12-09T17:19:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/filamentphp/filament/security/advisories/GHSA-pvcv-q3q7-266g"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67507"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/filamentphp/filament/commit/87ff60ad9b6e16d4e14ee36a220b8917dd7b0815"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/filamentphp/filament"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Filament multi-factor authentication (app) recovery codes can be used multiple times"
}

GHSA-PVF5-56PM-GXV5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:37 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:37
VLAI
Details

Xigla Software Absolute Poll Manager XE 4.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access by setting a cookie to a certain value.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-6860"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-07-14T14:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Xigla Software Absolute Poll Manager XE 4.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access by setting a cookie to a certain value.",
  "id": "GHSA-pvf5-56pm-gxv5",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T00:37:41Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:37:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-6860"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/46242"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/6883"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/32005"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-PVJV-386F-C8WH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-17 09:30 – Updated: 2024-09-12 19:12
VLAI
Summary
Apache IoTDB Grafana Connector vulnerable to Improper Authentication
Details

Improper Authentication vulnerability in Apache Software Foundation Apache IoTDB. This issue affects Apache IoTDB Grafana Connector from 0.13.0 through 0.13.3.

Attackers could log in without authorization. This is fixed in 0.13.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.iotdb:iotdb-grafana-connector"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.13.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.13.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "apache-iotdb"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.13.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.13.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-24831"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-04-21T20:28:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-17T07:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper Authentication vulnerability in Apache Software Foundation Apache IoTDB. This issue affects Apache IoTDB Grafana Connector from 0.13.0 through 0.13.3.\n\nAttackers could log in without authorization. This is fixed in 0.13.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-pvjv-386f-c8wh",
  "modified": "2024-09-12T19:12:58Z",
  "published": "2023-04-17T09:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24831"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/iotdb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/apache-iotdb/PYSEC-2023-7.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/3dgvzgstycf8b5hyf4z3n7cqdhcyln3l"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache IoTDB Grafana Connector vulnerable to Improper Authentication"
}

GHSA-PVMF-7X77-8Q82

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-21 00:32 – Updated: 2026-04-21 00:32
VLAI
Details

HKUDS OpenHarness prior to PR #159 remediation contains a session key derivation vulnerability that allows authenticated participants in shared chats or threads to hijack other users' sessions by exploiting a shared ohmo session key that lacks sender identity verification. Attackers can reuse another user's conversation state and replace or interrupt their active tasks by colliding into the same session boundary through the shared chat or thread scope.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-6729"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-20T22:16:23Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "HKUDS OpenHarness prior to PR #159 remediation contains a session key derivation vulnerability that allows authenticated participants in shared chats or threads to hijack other users\u0027 sessions by exploiting a shared ohmo session key that lacks sender identity verification. Attackers can reuse another user\u0027s conversation state and replace or interrupt their active tasks by colliding into the same session boundary through the shared chat or thread scope.",
  "id": "GHSA-pvmf-7x77-8q82",
  "modified": "2026-04-21T00:32:14Z",
  "published": "2026-04-21T00:32:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6729"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/HKUDS/OpenHarness/pull/159"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/HKUDS/OpenHarness/commit/3186851c479ee714a9bb9aa6cd77017db7e589e2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/hkuds-openharness-session-key-collision-privilege-escalation"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PVP3-4G5M-35PM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:21 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:21
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in BT CTROMS Terminal OS Port Portal CT-464. Account takeover can occur because the password-reset feature discloses the verification token. Upon a getverificationcode.jsp request, this token is transmitted not only to the registered phone number of the user account, but is also transmitted to the unauthenticated HTTP client.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-14930"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-06-19T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in BT CTROMS Terminal OS Port Portal CT-464. Account takeover can occur because the password-reset feature discloses the verification token. Upon a getverificationcode.jsp request, this token is transmitted not only to the registered phone number of the user account, but is also transmitted to the unauthenticated HTTP client.",
  "id": "GHSA-pvp3-4g5m-35pm",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:21:18Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:21:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14930"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48196"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.pentest.com.tr/exploits/CTROMS-Terminal-OS-Port-Portal-Password-Reset-Authentication-Bypass.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.