CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5964 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JH8H-6C9Q-7GMW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-26 22:45 – Updated: 2026-02-26 22:45Impact
When the Chat Trigger node is configured with n8n User Auth authentication, the authentication check could be circumvented. - This issue requires the Chat Trigger node to be configured with n8n User Auth authentication (non-default).
Patches
The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: - Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only. - Use a different authentication method for the Chat Trigger node, or restrict network access to the webhook endpoint to trusted origins.
These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.123.22"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.9.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.10.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.10.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-26T22:45:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Impact\nWhen the Chat Trigger node is configured with n8n User Auth authentication, the authentication check could be circumvented. \n- This issue requires the Chat Trigger node to be configured with n8n User Auth authentication (non-default).\n\n## Patches\nThe issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability.\n\n## Workarounds\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:\n- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.\n- Use a different authentication method for the Chat Trigger node, or restrict network access to the webhook endpoint to trusted origins.\n\nThese workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.",
"id": "GHSA-jh8h-6c9q-7gmw",
"modified": "2026-02-26T22:45:41Z",
"published": "2026-02-26T22:45:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-jh8h-6c9q-7gmw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/062644ef786b6af480afe4a0f12bc6d70040534a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/1479aab2d32fe0ee087f82b9038b1035c98be2f6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/9e5212ecbc5d2d4e6f340b636a5e84be6369882e"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "n8n has an Authentication Bypass in its Chat Trigger Node"
}
GHSA-JH92-C236-HM8P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:01Red Hat Network (RHN) Satellite Server 5.4 does not use a time delay after a failed login attempt, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct brute force password guessing attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-0718"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-02-25T19:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Red Hat Network (RHN) Satellite Server 5.4 does not use a time delay after a failed login attempt, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct brute force password guessing attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-jh92-c236-hm8p",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:01:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:01:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-0718"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=672159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/65657"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/43487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2011-0300.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/46528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1025116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2011/0491"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JHC2-HV2X-FJ67
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-10 03:30 – Updated: 2025-06-10 03:30A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in code-projects Laundry System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /data/. The manipulation leads to missing authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5906"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-10T01:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in code-projects Laundry System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /data/. The manipulation leads to missing authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-jhc2-hv2x-fj67",
"modified": "2025-06-10T03:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-06-10T03:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tuooo/CVE/issues/11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code-projects.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.311679"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.311679"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.592266"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHC3-4262-C357
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:33 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:33Circontrol CirCarLife all versions prior to 4.3.1, authentication to the device can be bypassed by entering the URL of a specific page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17918"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-11-02T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Circontrol CirCarLife all versions prior to 4.3.1, authentication to the device can be bypassed by entering the URL of a specific page.",
"id": "GHSA-jhc3-4262-c357",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:33:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:33:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17918"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-305-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105816"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHCC-GWM2-46V7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-09 00:30 – Updated: 2025-05-09 00:30An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Visual Studio improperly handles pipeline job tokens. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could extend their access to a project. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would first have to have access to the project and swap the short-term token for a long-term one. The update addresses the vulnerability by correcting how the Visual Studio updater handles these tokens.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-29813"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-302"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-08T23:15:52Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Visual Studio improperly handles pipeline job tokens. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could extend their access to a project.\nTo exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would first have to have access to the project and swap the short-term token for a long-term one.\nThe update addresses the vulnerability by correcting how the Visual Studio updater handles these tokens.",
"id": "GHSA-jhcc-gwm2-46v7",
"modified": "2025-05-09T00:30:34Z",
"published": "2025-05-09T00:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29813"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-29813"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHMR-57CJ-Q6G9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-12 00:13 – Updated: 2025-08-12 00:13Summary
Logic error in 2FA verification condition allows bypass of two-factor authentication
Details
https://github.com/komari-monitor/komari/blob/bd5a6934e1b79a12cf1e6a9bba5372d0e04f3abc/api/login.go#L55
There is no way for Verify2Fa to return an error AND true as ok at the same time, any codes are considered as valid.
PoC
Use any 6 digits as 2FA code
Impact
Bypass 2FA Authentication
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/komari-monitor/komari"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.0-20250809064056-cc3d54bff4c6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-12T00:13:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nLogic error in 2FA verification condition allows bypass of two-factor authentication\n\n### Details\n\nhttps://github.com/komari-monitor/komari/blob/bd5a6934e1b79a12cf1e6a9bba5372d0e04f3abc/api/login.go#L55\n\nThere is no way for `Verify2Fa` to return an error **AND** true as `ok` at the same time, any codes are considered as valid.\n\n### PoC\n\nUse any 6 digits as 2FA code\n\n### Impact\n\nBypass 2FA Authentication",
"id": "GHSA-jhmr-57cj-q6g9",
"modified": "2025-08-12T00:13:37Z",
"published": "2025-08-12T00:13:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/komari-monitor/komari/security/advisories/GHSA-jhmr-57cj-q6g9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/komari-monitor/komari/commit/cc3d54bff4c6495beaa1c7483379cd04542c557f"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/komari-monitor/komari"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/komari-monitor/komari/blob/bd5a6934e1b79a12cf1e6a9bba5372d0e04f3abc/api/login.go#L55"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/komari-monitor/komari/releases/tag/1.0.4-fix1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Komari vulnerable to 2FA Authentication Bypass"
}
GHSA-JHQQ-2W87-7G5M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-22 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-03 06:30An access control issue in H3C A210-G A210-GV100R005 allows attackers to authenticate without a password.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24093"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An access control issue in H3C A210-G A210-GV100R005 allows attackers to authenticate without a password.",
"id": "GHSA-jhqq-2w87-7g5m",
"modified": "2023-03-03T06:30:19Z",
"published": "2023-02-22T21:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24093"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.luckytain.com/?p=66"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHV8-553J-R4X3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-10 03:31 – Updated: 2026-04-10 03:31The Customer Reviews for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in all versions up to, and including, 5.103.0. This is due to the create_review_permissions_check() function comparing the user-supplied key parameter against the order's ivole_secret_key meta value using strict equality (===), without verifying that the stored key is non-empty. For orders where no review reminder email has been sent, the ivole_secret_key meta is not set, causing get_meta() to return an empty string. An attacker can supply key: "" to match this empty value and bypass the permission check. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to submit, modify, and inject product reviews on any product — including products not associated with the referenced order — via the REST API endpoint POST /ivole/v1/review. Reviews are auto-approved by default since ivole_enable_moderation defaults to "no".
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4664"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-10T02:16:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Customer Reviews for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in all versions up to, and including, 5.103.0. This is due to the `create_review_permissions_check()` function comparing the user-supplied `key` parameter against the order\u0027s `ivole_secret_key` meta value using strict equality (`===`), without verifying that the stored key is non-empty. For orders where no review reminder email has been sent, the `ivole_secret_key` meta is not set, causing `get_meta()` to return an empty string. An attacker can supply `key: \"\"` to match this empty value and bypass the permission check. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to submit, modify, and inject product reviews on any product \u2014 including products not associated with the referenced order \u2014 via the REST API endpoint `POST /ivole/v1/review`. Reviews are auto-approved by default since `ivole_enable_moderation` defaults to `\"no\"`.",
"id": "GHSA-jhv8-553j-r4x3",
"modified": "2026-04-10T03:31:10Z",
"published": "2026-04-10T03:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/customer-reviews-woocommerce/tags/5.102.0/includes/emails/class-cr-email.php#L345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/customer-reviews-woocommerce/tags/5.102.0/includes/reviews/class-cr-endpoint.php#L646"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/customer-reviews-woocommerce/tags/5.102.0/includes/reviews/class-cr-endpoint.php#L654"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/customer-reviews-woocommerce/tags/5.102.0/includes/reviews/class-cr-endpoint.php#L655"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?old_path=%2Fcustomer-reviews-woocommerce/tags/5.103.0\u0026new_path=%2Fcustomer-reviews-woocommerce/tags/5.104.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/customer-reviews-woocommerce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/27e3dfe3-ad33-4d0c-a999-d0734df2f59b?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHWW-39JR-3QQF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-07 18:15 – Updated: 2022-10-13 19:00On Metasys ADX Server version 12.0 running MVE, an Active Directory user could execute validated actions without providing a valid password when using MVE SMP UI.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-21936"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-07T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "On Metasys ADX Server version 12.0 running MVE, an Active Directory user could execute validated actions without providing a valid password when using MVE SMP UI.",
"id": "GHSA-jhww-39jr-3qqf",
"modified": "2022-10-13T19:00:23Z",
"published": "2022-10-07T18:15:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21936"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-277-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/cyber-solutions/security-advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHXG-8FV9-XVGM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-06 21:30 – Updated: 2025-03-26 15:32An issue was discovered in Couchbase Server 6.5.x and 6.6.x before 6.6.6, 7.x before 7.0.5, and 7.1.x before 7.1.2. During the start-up of a Couchbase Server node, there is a small window of time (before the cluster management authentication has started) where an attacker can connect to the cluster manager using default credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42951"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-06T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Couchbase Server 6.5.x and 6.6.x before 6.6.6, 7.x before 7.0.5, and 7.1.x before 7.1.2. During the start-up of a Couchbase Server node, there is a small window of time (before the cluster management authentication has started) where an attacker can connect to the cluster manager using default credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-jhxg-8fv9-xvgm",
"modified": "2025-03-26T15:32:17Z",
"published": "2023-02-06T21:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42951"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.couchbase.com/server/current/release-notes/relnotes.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.couchbase.com/tags/security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.couchbase.com/alerts"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.