Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5977 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-FPGQ-QV2C-6787

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2023-02-02 21:33
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability exists in the garbage collection mechanism of atomic-openshift. An attacker able spoof the UUID of a valid object from another namespace is able to delete children of those objects. Versions 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11 and 4.1 are affected.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-3884"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-08-01T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability exists in the garbage collection mechanism of atomic-openshift. An attacker able spoof the UUID of a valid object from another namespace is able to delete children of those objects. Versions 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11 and 4.1 are affected.",
  "id": "GHSA-fpgq-qv2c-6787",
  "modified": "2023-02-02T21:33:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:52:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3884"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:5634"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2019-3884"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1693905"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-3884"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FPJM-RP2G-3R4C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-06-05 16:09 – Updated: 2024-09-20 17:05
VLAI
Summary
Django Rest Framework jwt allows obtaining new token from notionally invalidated token
Details

An issue was discovered in drf-jwt 1.15.x before 1.15.1. It allows attackers with access to a notionally invalidated token to obtain a new, working token via the refresh endpoint, because the blacklist protection mechanism is incompatible with the token-refresh feature. NOTE: drf-jwt is a fork of jpadilla/django-rest-framework-jwt, which is unmaintained.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "drf-jwt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.15.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.15.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-10594"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-04T18:38:20Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-15T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in drf-jwt 1.15.x before 1.15.1. It allows attackers with access to a notionally invalidated token to obtain a new, working token via the refresh endpoint, because the blacklist protection mechanism is incompatible with the token-refresh feature. NOTE: drf-jwt is a fork of jpadilla/django-rest-framework-jwt, which is unmaintained.",
  "id": "GHSA-fpjm-rp2g-3r4c",
  "modified": "2024-09-20T17:05:27Z",
  "published": "2020-06-05T16:09:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10594"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Styria-Digital/django-rest-framework-jwt/issues/36"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/django-rest-framework-jwt/issues/484"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Styria-Digital/django-rest-framework-jwt/commit/868b5c22ddad59772b447080183e7c7101bb18e0"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Styria-Digital/django-rest-framework-jwt"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-fpjm-rp2g-3r4c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/drf-jwt/PYSEC-2020-40.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pypi.org/project/drf-jwt/1.15.1/#history"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Django Rest Framework jwt allows obtaining new token from notionally invalidated token"
}

GHSA-FPM5-5F53-975W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-25 00:01 – Updated: 2023-08-08 15:31
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Saviynt Enterprise Identity Cloud (EIC) 5.5 SP2.x. An authentication bypass in ECM/maintenance/forgotpasswordstep1 allows an unauthenticated user to reset passwords and login as any local account.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23855"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-01-24T02:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Saviynt Enterprise Identity Cloud (EIC) 5.5 SP2.x. An authentication bypass in ECM/maintenance/forgotpasswordstep1 allows an unauthenticated user to reset passwords and login as any local account.",
  "id": "GHSA-fpm5-5f53-975w",
  "modified": "2023-08-08T15:31:37Z",
  "published": "2022-01-25T00:01:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23855"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/692873"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FPP6-XW3R-CJJX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:31 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:31
VLAI
Details

In ATI Systems Emergency Mass Notification Systems (HPSS16, HPSS32, MHPSS, and ALERT4000) devices, an improper authentication vulnerability caused by specially crafted malicious radio transmissions may allow an attacker to remotely trigger false alarms.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-8862"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-05-25T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "In ATI Systems Emergency Mass Notification Systems (HPSS16, HPSS32, MHPSS, and ALERT4000) devices, an improper authentication vulnerability caused by specially crafted malicious radio transmissions may allow an attacker to remotely trigger false alarms.",
  "id": "GHSA-fpp6-xw3r-cjjx",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:31:44Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8862"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-100-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103721"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FPPR-HP57-7WWW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:43
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in channels/chan_sip.c in Sangoma Asterisk through 13.29.1, through 16.6.1, and through 17.0.0; and Certified Asterisk through 13.21-cert4. A SIP request can be sent to Asterisk that can change a SIP peer's IP address. A REGISTER does not need to occur, and calls can be hijacked as a result. The only thing that needs to be known is the peer's name; authentication details such as passwords do not need to be known. This vulnerability is only exploitable when the nat option is set to the default, or auto_force_rport.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-18351"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-03-05T02:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in channels/chan_sip.c in Sangoma Asterisk through 13.29.1, through 16.6.1, and through 17.0.0; and Certified Asterisk through 13.21-cert4. A SIP request can be sent to Asterisk that can change a SIP peer\u0027s IP address. A REGISTER does not need to occur, and calls can be hijacked as a result. The only thing that needs to be known is the peer\u0027s name; authentication details such as passwords do not need to be known. This vulnerability is only exploitable when the nat option is set to the default, or auto_force_rport.",
  "id": "GHSA-fppr-hp57-7www",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:43:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:43:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-18351"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.asterisk.org/downloads/security-advisories"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/security/AST-2019-006.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FPQ3-C96F-26MV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-18 15:30 – Updated: 2025-03-21 18:31
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered on the Forvia Hella HELLA Driving Recorder DR 820. Bypassing of Device Pairing can occur. The pairing mechanism relies solely on the connecting device's MAC address. By obtaining the MAC address through network scanning and spoofing it, an attacker can bypass the authentication process and gain full access to the dashcam's features without proper authorization.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-30114"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-18T15:16:02Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered on the Forvia Hella HELLA Driving Recorder DR 820. Bypassing of Device Pairing can occur. The pairing mechanism relies solely on the connecting device\u0027s MAC address. By obtaining the MAC address through network scanning and spoofing it, an attacker can bypass the authentication process and gain full access to the dashcam\u0027s features without proper authorization.",
  "id": "GHSA-fpq3-c96f-26mv",
  "modified": "2025-03-21T18:31:34Z",
  "published": "2025-03-18T15:30:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30114"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/geo-chen/Hella"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/@geochen/cve-draft-hella-driving-recorder-dr-820-ff8c4e2cca26"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FPQ6-PGWP-7MR7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-25 00:00
VLAI
Details

AriaNg v0.1.0~v1.2.2 is affected by an incorrect access control vulnerability through not authenticating visitors' access rights.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-41418"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-15T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "AriaNg v0.1.0~v1.2.2 is affected by an incorrect access control vulnerability through not authenticating visitors\u0027 access rights.",
  "id": "GHSA-fpq6-pgwp-7mr7",
  "modified": "2022-06-25T00:00:54Z",
  "published": "2022-06-16T00:00:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41418"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Amozing/Am0zang/issues/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FPR5-99X5-V6HH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:46 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:46
VLAI
Details

Learnsite 1.2.5.0 contains a remote privilege escalation vulnerability in /Manager/index.aspx through the JudgIsAdmin() function. By modifying the initial letter of the key of a user cookie, the key of the administrator cookie can be obtained.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-27522"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-08T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Learnsite 1.2.5.0 contains a remote privilege escalation vulnerability in /Manager/index.aspx through the JudgIsAdmin() function. By modifying the initial letter of the key of a user cookie, the key of the administrator cookie can be obtained.",
  "id": "GHSA-fpr5-99x5-v6hh",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:46:53Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:46:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27522"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/WaterCountry/Learnsite/issues/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FPRH-9V79-9PWF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-22 00:00
VLAI
Details

Improper access control in the Intel(R) In-Band Manageability software before version 2.13.0 may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via network access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-0194"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-12T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper access control in the Intel(R) In-Band Manageability software before version 2.13.0 may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via network access.",
  "id": "GHSA-fprh-9v79-9pwf",
  "modified": "2022-05-22T00:00:35Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T00:00:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0194"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00549.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FPVW-6M5V-HQFP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-24 16:53 – Updated: 2023-11-27 22:07
VLAI
Summary
Capsule Proxy Authentication bypass using an empty token
Details

The privilege escalation is based on a missing check if the user is authenticated based on the TokenReview result.

All the clusters running with the anonymous-auth Kubernetes API Server setting disable (set to false) are affected since it would be possible to bypass the token review mechanism, interacting with the upper Kubernetes API Server.

PoC

Start a KinD cluster with the anonymous-auth value to false. If it is true, it uses anonymous permissions which are very limited by default

kind: Cluster
apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
nodes:
- role: control-plane
  kubeadmConfigPatches:
  - |
    kind: ClusterConfiguration
    apiServer:
        extraArgs:
          anonymous-auth: "false"

Install capsule and capsule-proxy

k port-forward svc/capsule-proxy 9001    
Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:9001 -> 9001
Forwarding from [::1]:9001 -> 9001
Handling connection for 9001

Then query the proxy

curl -g -k -H 'Authorization: Bearer   f' -X 'GET' 'https://localhost:9001/api/v1/namespaces'

Impact

The whole cluster is exposed to unauthorised users.

This privilege escalation cannot be exploited if you're relying only on client certificates (SSL/TLS).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.4.5"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/projectcapsule/capsule-proxy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.4.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.4.5"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/clastix/capsule-proxy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.4.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-48312"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-11-24T16:53:25Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-24T18:15:07Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The privilege escalation is based on a missing check if the user is authenticated based on the `TokenReview` result.\n\nAll the clusters running with the `anonymous-auth` Kubernetes API Server setting disable (set to `false`) are affected since it would be possible to bypass the token review mechanism, interacting with the upper Kubernetes API Server.\n\n# PoC\n\nStart a KinD cluster with the `anonymous-auth` value to `false`. \nIf it is true, it uses anonymous permissions which are very limited by default\n\n```yaml\nkind: Cluster\napiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4\nnodes:\n- role: control-plane\n  kubeadmConfigPatches:\n  - |\n    kind: ClusterConfiguration\n    apiServer:\n        extraArgs:\n          anonymous-auth: \"false\"\n```\n\nInstall `capsule` and `capsule-proxy`\n\n```\nk port-forward svc/capsule-proxy 9001    \nForwarding from 127.0.0.1:9001 -\u003e 9001\nForwarding from [::1]:9001 -\u003e 9001\nHandling connection for 9001\n```\n\nThen query the proxy\n```\ncurl -g -k -H \u0027Authorization: Bearer   f\u0027 -X \u0027GET\u0027 \u0027https://localhost:9001/api/v1/namespaces\u0027\n```\n\n# Impact\n\nThe whole cluster is exposed to unauthorised users.\n\nThis privilege escalation cannot be exploited if you\u0027re relying only on client certificates (SSL/TLS).",
  "id": "GHSA-fpvw-6m5v-hqfp",
  "modified": "2023-11-27T22:07:37Z",
  "published": "2023-11-24T16:53:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/projectcapsule/capsule-proxy/security/advisories/GHSA-fpvw-6m5v-hqfp"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48312"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/projectcapsule/capsule-proxy/commit/472404f7006a4152e4eec76dee07324dd1e6e823"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/projectcapsule/capsule-proxy"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Capsule Proxy Authentication bypass using an empty token"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.