Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

6021 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-54R4-PPJ3-FQ8F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-01 00:01 – Updated: 2022-07-12 00:00
VLAI
Details

PingID Windows Login prior to 2.8 does not authenticate communication with a local Java service used to capture security key requests. An attacker with the ability to execute code on the target machine maybe able to exploit and spoof the local Java service using multiple attack vectors. A successful attack can lead to code executed as SYSTEM by the PingID Windows Login application, or even a denial of service for offline security key authentication.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23719"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-288",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-30T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "PingID Windows Login prior to 2.8 does not authenticate communication with a local Java service used to capture security key requests. An attacker with the ability to execute code on the target machine maybe able to exploit and spoof the local Java service using multiple attack vectors. A successful attack can lead to code executed as SYSTEM by the PingID Windows Login application, or even a denial of service for offline security key authentication.",
  "id": "GHSA-54r4-ppj3-fq8f",
  "modified": "2022-07-12T00:00:54Z",
  "published": "2022-07-01T00:01:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23719"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.pingidentity.com/bundle/pingid/page/zhy1653552428545.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.pingidentity.com/en/resources/downloads/pingid.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-54V2-H723-373X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-17 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-19 19:00
VLAI
Details

Remote code execution vulnerability due to insufficient user privilege verification in reverseWall-MDS. Remote attackers can exploit the vulnerability such as stealing account, through remote code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23769"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-17T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Remote code execution vulnerability due to insufficient user privilege verification in reverseWall-MDS. Remote attackers can exploit the vulnerability such as stealing account, through remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-54v2-h723-373x",
  "modified": "2022-10-19T19:00:24Z",
  "published": "2022-10-17T19:00:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23769"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.krcert.or.kr/krcert/secNoticeView.do?bulletin_writing_sequence=66962"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-552J-R9HX-PGWR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:24 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:24
VLAI
Details

The login method in LoginModule implementations in Apache Geronimo 2.0 does not throw FailedLoginException for failed logins, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication requirements, deploy arbitrary modules, and gain administrative access by sending a blank username and password with the command line deployer in the deployment module.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2007-4548"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2007-08-27T23:17:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The login method in LoginModule implementations in Apache Geronimo 2.0 does not throw FailedLoginException for failed logins, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication requirements, deploy arbitrary modules, and gain administrative access by sending a blank username and password with the command line deployer in the deployment module.",
  "id": "GHSA-552j-r9hx-pgwr",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T18:24:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T18:24:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-4548"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/GERONIMO-1201"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/GERONIMO-3404"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://geronimo.apache.org/2007/08/13/apache-geronimo-v20-release-delayed-due-to-security-issue.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://geronimo.apache.org/2007/08/21/apache-geronimo-201-released.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.nabble.com/Geronimo-2.0-Release-suspended-due-to-security-issue-found-before-release-t4263667s134.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-556C-92HJ-FWG6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-01 00:01 – Updated: 2022-07-08 00:00
VLAI
Details

An IBM Spectrum Protect storage agent could allow a remote attacker to perform a brute force attack by allowing unlimited attempts to login to the storage agent without locking the administrative ID. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability using brute force techniques to gain unauthorized administrative access to both the IBM Spectrum Protect storage agent and the IBM Spectrum Protect Server 8.1.0.000 through 8.1.14 with which it communicates. IBM X-Force ID: 226326.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-22487"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-30T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An IBM Spectrum Protect storage agent could allow a remote attacker to perform a brute force attack by allowing unlimited attempts to login to the storage agent without locking the administrative ID. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability using brute force techniques to gain unauthorized administrative access to both the IBM Spectrum Protect storage agent and the IBM Spectrum Protect Server 8.1.0.000 through 8.1.14 with which it communicates. IBM X-Force ID: 226326.",
  "id": "GHSA-556c-92hj-fwg6",
  "modified": "2022-07-08T00:00:49Z",
  "published": "2022-07-01T00:01:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22487"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/226326"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6596881"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-557Q-J5M4-32RV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01
VLAI
Details

Laravel Booking System Booking Core 2.0 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. On the Verifications page, after uploading an ID Card or Trade License and viewing it, ID Cards and Trade Licenses of other vendors/users can be viewed by changing the URL.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-37331"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-10-04T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Laravel Booking System Booking Core 2.0 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. On the Verifications page, after uploading an ID Card or Trade License and viewing it, ID Cards and Trade Licenses of other vendors/users can be viewed by changing the URL.",
  "id": "GHSA-557q-j5m4-32rv",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:33Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:16:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37331"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.navidkagalwalla.com/booking-core-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5589-2667-WWGX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:51 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:51
VLAI
Details

kcheckpass passes a user-supplied argument to the pam_start function, often within a setuid environment, which allows local users to invoke any configured PAM stack, and possibly trigger unintended side effects, via an arbitrary valid PAM service name, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-4122. NOTE: the vendor indicates that the possibility of resultant privilege escalation may be "a bit far-fetched."

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-5054"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-01-06T21:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "kcheckpass passes a user-supplied argument to the pam_start function, often within a setuid environment, which allows local users to invoke any configured PAM stack, and possibly trigger unintended side effects, via an arbitrary valid PAM service name, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-4122.  NOTE: the vendor indicates that the possibility of resultant privilege escalation may be \"a bit far-fetched.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-5589-2667-wwgx",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T01:51:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T01:51:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-5054"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/72230"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://c-skills.blogspot.com/2011/11/openpam-trickery.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/12/07/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/12/08/9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/12/23/8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/12/27/1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/12/27/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/12/28/5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/01/02/10"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/01/02/11"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-55CV-2VM9-QV53

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-17 00:01 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00
VLAI
Details

CA Automic Automation 12.2 and 12.3 contain an authentication error vulnerability in the Automic agent that could allow a remote attacker to potentially execute arbitrary commands.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-33750"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-16T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "CA Automic Automation 12.2 and 12.3 contain an authentication error vulnerability in the Automic agent that could allow a remote attacker to potentially execute arbitrary commands.",
  "id": "GHSA-55cv-2vm9-qv53",
  "modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:28Z",
  "published": "2022-06-17T00:01:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33750"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/20629"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-55F2-F95R-Q833

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-24 21:31 – Updated: 2024-10-24 21:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in Okta Verify for iOS versions 9.25.1 (beta) and 9.27.0 (including beta) allows push notification responses through the iOS ContextExtension feature allowing the authentication to proceed regardless of the user’s selection. When a user long-presses the notification banner and selects an option, both options allow the authentication to succeed. The ContextExtension feature is one of several push mechanisms available when using Okta Verify Push on iOS devices. The vulnerable flows include: * When a user is presented with a notification on a locked screen, the user presses on the notification directly and selects their reply without unlocking the device; * When a user is presented with a notification on the home screen and drags the notification down and selects their reply; * When an Apple Watch is used to reply directly to a notification.

A pre-condition for this vulnerability is that the user must have enrolled in Okta Verify while the Okta customer was using Okta Classic. This applies irrespective of whether the organization has since upgraded to Okta Identity Engine.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-10327"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-24T21:15:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in Okta Verify for iOS versions 9.25.1 (beta) and 9.27.0 (including beta) allows push notification responses through the iOS ContextExtension feature allowing the authentication to proceed regardless of the user\u2019s selection. When a user long-presses the notification banner and selects an option, both options allow the authentication to succeed. \nThe ContextExtension feature is one of several push mechanisms available when using Okta Verify Push on iOS devices. The vulnerable flows include: \n* When a user is presented with a notification on a locked screen, the user presses on the notification directly and selects their reply without unlocking the device; \n* When a user is presented with a notification on the home screen and drags the notification down and selects their reply; \n* When an Apple Watch is used to reply directly to a notification. \n\n A pre-condition for this vulnerability is that the user must have enrolled in Okta Verify while the Okta customer was using Okta Classic. This applies irrespective of whether the organization has since upgraded to Okta Identity Engine.",
  "id": "GHSA-55f2-f95r-q833",
  "modified": "2024-10-24T21:31:03Z",
  "published": "2024-10-24T21:31:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10327"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://help.okta.com/en-us/content/topics/releasenotes/okta-verify-release-notes.htm#panel2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://trust.okta.com/security-advisories/okta-verify-for-ios-cve-2024-10327"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-55G6-RMP8-F2FQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-06 15:34 – Updated: 2025-03-07 18:31
VLAI
Details

An issue in TAAGSOLUTIONS GmbH MyTaag v.2024-11-24 and before allows a physically proximate attacker to escalate privileges via the "2fa_authorized" Local Storage key

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-25451"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-06T15:15:17Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue in TAAGSOLUTIONS GmbH MyTaag v.2024-11-24 and before allows a physically proximate attacker to escalate privileges via the \"2fa_authorized\" Local Storage key",
  "id": "GHSA-55g6-rmp8-f2fq",
  "modified": "2025-03-07T18:31:04Z",
  "published": "2025-03-06T15:34:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25451"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://piuswalter.de/blog/2fa-bypass-and-deactivation-attack-in-mytaag"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-55H8-8G96-X4HJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-24 21:50 – Updated: 2026-03-27 22:10
VLAI
Summary
NATS: Leafnode connections allow spoofing of Nats-Request-Info identity headers
Details

Background

NATS.io is a high performance open source pub-sub distributed communication technology, built for the cloud, on-premise, IoT, and edge computing.

The nats-server allows hub/spoke topologies using "leafnode" connections by other nats-servers. NATS messages can have headers.

Problem Description

The nats-server offers a Nats-Request-Info: message header, providing information about a request. This is supposed to provide enough information to allow for account/user identification, such that NATS clients could make their own decisions on how to trust a message, provided that they trust the nats-server as a broker.

A leafnode connecting to a nats-server is not fully trusted unless the system account is bridged too. Thus identity claims should not have propagated unchecked.

Thus NATS clients relying upon the Nats-Request-Info: header could be spoofed.

Does not directly affect the nats-server itself, but the CVSS Confidentiality and Integrity scores are based upon what a hypothetical client might choose to do with this NATS header.

Affected Versions

Any version before v2.12.6 or v2.11.15

Workarounds

None.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/nats-io/nats-server/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.11.15"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/nats-io/nats-server/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.12.0-RC.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.12.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/nats-io/nats-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33246"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-24T21:50:25Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T20:16:33Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Background\n\nNATS.io is a high performance open source pub-sub distributed communication technology, built for the cloud, on-premise, IoT, and edge computing.\n\nThe nats-server allows hub/spoke topologies using \"leafnode\" connections by other nats-servers.  NATS messages can have headers.\n\n### Problem Description\n\nThe nats-server offers a `Nats-Request-Info:` message header, providing information about a request.  This is supposed to provide enough information to allow for account/user identification, such that NATS clients could make their own decisions on how to trust a message, provided that they trust the nats-server as a broker.\n\nA leafnode connecting to a nats-server is not fully trusted unless the system account is bridged too.  Thus identity claims should not have propagated unchecked.\n\nThus NATS clients relying upon the Nats-Request-Info: header could be spoofed.\n\nDoes not directly affect the nats-server itself, but the CVSS Confidentiality and Integrity scores are based upon what a hypothetical client might choose to do with this NATS header.\n\n### Affected Versions\n\nAny version before v2.12.6 or v2.11.15\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNone.",
  "id": "GHSA-55h8-8g96-x4hj",
  "modified": "2026-03-27T22:10:07Z",
  "published": "2026-03-24T21:50:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/security/advisories/GHSA-55h8-8g96-x4hj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33246"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://advisories.nats.io/CVE/secnote-2026-08.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "NATS: Leafnode connections allow spoofing of Nats-Request-Info identity headers"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.