CWE-276
AllowedIncorrect Default Permissions
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
During installation, installed file permissions are set to allow anyone to modify those files.
2043 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2RG3-RM67-Q8V2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-16 00:00In ActivityManager, there is a possible disclosure of installed packages due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-191058227
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20315"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-12T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "In ActivityManager, there is a possible disclosure of installed packages due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-191058227",
"id": "GHSA-2rg3-rm67-q8v2",
"modified": "2022-08-16T00:00:23Z",
"published": "2022-08-13T00:00:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20315"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/android-13"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RGP-QXG7-FCG5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-22 15:31MacOS version of Inkscape bundles a Python interpreter that inherits the Transparency, Consent, and Control (TCC) permissions granted by the user to the main application bundle. An attacker with local user access can invoke this interpreter with arbitrary commands or scripts, leveraging the application's previously granted TCC permissions to access user's files in privacy-protected folders without triggering user prompts. Accessing other resources beyond previously granted TCC permissions will prompt the user for approval in the name of Inkscape, potentially disguising attacker's malicious intent.
This issue has been fixed in 1.4.3 version of Inkscape.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15523"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T15:16:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "MacOS version of Inkscape bundles a Python interpreter that inherits the Transparency, Consent, and Control (TCC) permissions\ngranted by the user to the main application bundle. An attacker with local user access can\ninvoke this interpreter with arbitrary commands or scripts, leveraging the\napplication\u0027s previously granted TCC permissions to access user\u0027s files in privacy-protected folders without triggering user prompts. Accessing other resources beyond previously granted TCC permissions will prompt the user for approval in the name of Inkscape, potentially disguising attacker\u0027s malicious intent.\n\nThis issue has been fixed in 1.4.3 version of Inkscape.",
"id": "GHSA-2rgp-qxg7-fcg5",
"modified": "2026-01-22T15:31:32Z",
"published": "2026-01-22T15:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15523"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/01/CVE-2025-15523"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://inkscape.org"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2V7G-PX7M-PX6J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-29 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-29 18:30Local privilege escalation due to insecure folder permissions. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Protect Cloud Agent (Windows) before build 37758.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-34011"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-29T16:15:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Local privilege escalation due to insecure folder permissions. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Protect Cloud Agent (Windows) before build 37758.",
"id": "GHSA-2v7g-px7m-px6j",
"modified": "2024-04-29T18:30:45Z",
"published": "2024-04-29T18:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-advisory.acronis.com/advisories/SEC-7171"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2V87-869H-XP3X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-13 06:30 – Updated: 2025-04-07 18:30A 2-Step Verification problem in Axigen 10.3.3.52 allows an attacker to access a mailbox by bypassing 2-Step Verification when they try to add an account to any third-party webmail service (or add an account to Outlook or Gmail, etc.) with IMAP or POP3 without any verification code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-23566"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-13T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A 2-Step Verification problem in Axigen 10.3.3.52 allows an attacker to access a mailbox by bypassing 2-Step Verification when they try to add an account to any third-party webmail service (or add an account to Outlook or Gmail, etc.) with IMAP or POP3 without any verification code.",
"id": "GHSA-2v87-869h-xp3x",
"modified": "2025-04-07T18:30:33Z",
"published": "2023-01-13T06:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23566"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/umz-cert/vulnerabilities/issues/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/umz-cert/vulnerabilitys/blob/patch-1/Axigen%20Mail%20Server%2010.3.3.52%202-Step%20verification"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.axigen.com/documentation/2-step-verification-two-factor-authentication-for-webmail-p69140479"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.axigen.com/mail-server/download"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2V9G-X366-JGMX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-29 21:30 – Updated: 2026-02-03 18:30An issue in Shirt Pocket's SuperDuper! 3.11 and earlier allow a local attacker to modify the default task template to install an arbitrary package that can run shell scripts with root privileges and Full Disk Access, thus bypassing macOS privacy controls.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-69604"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-29T20:16:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in Shirt Pocket\u0027s SuperDuper! 3.11 and earlier allow a local attacker to modify the default task template to install an arbitrary package that can run shell scripts with root privileges and Full Disk Access, thus bypassing macOS privacy controls.",
"id": "GHSA-2v9g-x366-jgmx",
"modified": "2026-02-03T18:30:31Z",
"published": "2026-01-29T21:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://shirt-pocket.com/SuperDuper/SuperDuperDescription.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.shirtpocket.com/blog/index.php/shadedgrey/comments/superduper_v312_now_available"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://shirt.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2VFQ-PQ87-PH87
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-25 00:31 – Updated: 2025-02-25 15:34In Public Knowledge Project (PKP) OJS, OMP, and OPS before 3.3.0.21 and 3.4.x before 3.4.0.8, an XXE attack by the Journal Editor Role can create a new role as super admin in the journal context, and insert a backdoor plugin, by uploading a crafted XML document as a User XML Plugin.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56525"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-24T23:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In Public Knowledge Project (PKP) OJS, OMP, and OPS before 3.3.0.21 and 3.4.x before 3.4.0.8, an XXE attack by the Journal Editor Role can create a new role as super admin in the journal context, and insert a backdoor plugin, by uploading a crafted XML document as a User XML Plugin.",
"id": "GHSA-2vfq-pq87-ph87",
"modified": "2025-02-25T15:34:35Z",
"published": "2025-02-25T00:31:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56525"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://openjournaltheme.com/user-xml-fatal-vulnerabilities-for-ojs-omp-ops-3-3-0-21-cve-2024-56525"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2W5M-HW3J-83FQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:55 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:54In Limesurvey before 3.17.14, admin users can view, update, or delete reserved menu entries without proper permissions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-16185"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-09T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Limesurvey before 3.17.14, admin users can view, update, or delete reserved menu entries without proper permissions.",
"id": "GHSA-2w5m-hw3j-83fq",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:54:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:55:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16185"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LimeSurvey/LimeSurvey/commit/5870fd1037058bc4e43cccf893b576c72293371e#diff-d539f3f8185667ee48db78e1bf65a3b4R51"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.limesurvey.org/limesurvey-updates/2188-limesurvey-3-17-14-build-190902-released"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2W87-6HH6-MQRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-07 21:31 – Updated: 2024-09-07 03:30On Windows a directory returned by tempfile.mkdtemp() would not always have permissions set to restrict reading and writing to the temporary directory by other users, instead usually inheriting the correct permissions from the default location. Alternate configurations or users without a profile directory may not have the intended permissions.
If you’re not using Windows or haven’t changed the temporary directory location then you aren’t affected by this vulnerability. On other platforms the returned directory is consistently readable and writable only by the current user.
This issue was caused by Python not supporting Unix permissions on Windows. The fix adds support for Unix “700” for the mkdir function on Windows which is used by mkdtemp() to ensure the newly created directory has the proper permissions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4030"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-07T21:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "On Windows a directory returned by tempfile.mkdtemp() would not always have permissions set to restrict reading and writing to the temporary directory by other users, instead usually inheriting the correct permissions from the default location. Alternate configurations or users without a profile directory may not have the intended permissions.\n\nIf you\u2019re not using Windows or haven\u2019t changed the temporary directory location then you aren\u2019t affected by this vulnerability. On other platforms the returned directory is consistently readable and writable only by the current user.\n\nThis issue was caused by Python not supporting Unix permissions on Windows. The fix adds support for Unix \u201c700\u201d for the mkdir function on Windows which is used by mkdtemp() to ensure the newly created directory has the proper permissions.\n",
"id": "GHSA-2w87-6hh6-mqrj",
"modified": "2024-09-07T03:30:42Z",
"published": "2024-05-07T21:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4030"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/118486"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/35c799d79177b962ddace2fa068101465570a29a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/5130731c9e779b97d00a24f54cdce73ce9975dfd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/66f8bb76a15e64a1bb7688b177ed29e26230fdee"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/6d0850c4c8188035643586ab4d8ec2468abd699e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/81939dad77001556c527485d31a2d0f4a759033e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/8ed546679524140d8282175411fd141fe7df070d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/91e3669e01245185569d09e9e6e11641282971ee"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/94591dca510c796c7d40e9b4167ea56f2fdf28ca"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/c8f868dc52f98011d0f9b459b6487920bfb0ac4d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/d86b49411753bf2c83291e3a14ae43fefded2f84"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/e1dfa978b1ad210d551385ad8073ec6154f53763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/eb29e2f5905da93333d1ce78bc98b151e763ff46"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mail.python.org/archives/list/security-announce@python.org/thread/PRGS5OR3N3PNPT4BMV2VAGN5GMUI5636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240705-0005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2WMJ-8MQG-R9Q8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-07 00:30 – Updated: 2023-03-13 19:16In Moodle, insufficient capability checks meant message deletions were not limited to the current user.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.11.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "3.11.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.10.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "3.10.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.9.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36397"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-08T00:20:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-06T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Moodle, insufficient capability checks meant message deletions were not limited to the current user.",
"id": "GHSA-2wmj-8mqg-r9q8",
"modified": "2023-03-13T19:16:03Z",
"published": "2023-03-07T00:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36397"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=424803"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Moodle has Incorrect Default Permissions"
}
GHSA-2X36-7XFM-PGM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-23 00:40 – Updated: 2023-12-29 20:59Moodle before 2.2.2 default settings allowed all repositories to be viewable by all authenticated users.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.2.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.1.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.0.7"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.9.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-1157"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-29T20:59:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-14T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Moodle before 2.2.2 default settings allowed all repositories to be viewable by all authenticated users.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-2x36-7xfm-pgm7",
"modified": "2023-12-29T20:59:04Z",
"published": "2022-04-23T00:40:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-1157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/246c2cb8e5af71a7d7c605b8fc9f9563e0fb3bc4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2012-1157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2012-1157"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=198624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2012-1157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-April/077635.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-April/078209.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-April/078210.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-May/080712.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-May/081047.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Moodle default permissions too permissive"
}
Mitigation MIT-1
The architecture needs to access and modification attributes for files to only those users who actually require those actions.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.