Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-190

Allowed

Integer Overflow or Wraparound

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.

3867 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-Q5G5-FC84-93H4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:49 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:49
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in klibc before 2.0.9. Multiplication in the calloc() function may result in an integer overflow and a subsequent heap buffer overflow.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-31870"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-30T06:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in klibc before 2.0.9. Multiplication in the calloc() function may result in an integer overflow and a subsequent heap buffer overflow.",
  "id": "GHSA-q5g5-fc84-93h4",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:49:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:49:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31870"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/libs/klibc/klibc.git/commit/?id=292650f04c2b5348b4efbad61fb014ed09b4f3f2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/klibc/2.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/06/msg00025.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.zytor.com/archives/klibc/2021-April/004593.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/04/30/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q5WG-RFMQ-G5CP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-04 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-12 00:01
VLAI
Details

An integer overflow due to improper check performed after the address and size passed are aligned in Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Wired Infrastructure and Networking

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-11263"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-01-03T08:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An integer overflow due to improper check performed after the address and size passed are aligned in Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Wired Infrastructure and Networking",
  "id": "GHSA-q5wg-rfmq-g5cp",
  "modified": "2022-01-12T00:01:53Z",
  "published": "2022-01-04T00:01:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11263"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/december-2021-bulletin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-Q5WR-FVPQ-P67G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-10 17:23 – Updated: 2021-07-26 18:09
VLAI
Summary
Integer Overflow in png-img
Details

An integer overflow in the PngImg::InitStorage_() function of png-img before 3.1.0 leads to an under-allocation of heap memory and subsequently an exploitable heap-based buffer overflow when loading a crafted PNG file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "png-img"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-28248"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-07-26T18:09:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-02-20T00:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An integer overflow in the PngImg::InitStorage_() function of png-img before 3.1.0 leads to an under-allocation of heap memory and subsequently an exploitable heap-based buffer overflow when loading a crafted PNG file.",
  "id": "GHSA-q5wr-fvpq-p67g",
  "modified": "2021-07-26T18:09:11Z",
  "published": "2021-12-10T17:23:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28248"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gemini-testing/png-img/commit/14ac462a32ca4b3b78f56502ac976d5b0222ce3d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gemini-testing/png-img"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gemini-testing/png-img/compare/v3.0.0...v3.1.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2020-142-gemini-png-img"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Integer Overflow in png-img"
}

GHSA-Q5XC-GWGW-8J5Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-10 00:01 – Updated: 2022-06-15 00:00
VLAI
Details

nextScaffoldPart in xmlparse.c in Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.3 has an integer overflow.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-22826"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-01-10T14:12:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "nextScaffoldPart in xmlparse.c in Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.3 has an integer overflow.",
  "id": "GHSA-q5xc-gwgw-8j5q",
  "modified": "2022-06-15T00:00:29Z",
  "published": "2022-02-10T00:01:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22826"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/pull/539"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-484086.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202209-24"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5073"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-05"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/01/17/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q67R-P3HC-X2W9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-03 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-26 00:31
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in grub2. When reading data from a squash4 filesystem, grub's squash4 fs module uses user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal buffer size, however, it improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciously crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than expected. As a result, the direct_read() will perform a heap based out-of-bounds write during data reading. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and may result in arbitrary code execution, by-passing secure boot protections.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-0678"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-03T17:15:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in grub2. When reading data from a squash4 filesystem, grub\u0027s squash4 fs module uses user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal buffer size, however, it improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciously crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than expected. As a result, the direct_read() will perform a heap based out-of-bounds write during data reading. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub\u0027s internal critical data and may result in arbitrary code execution, by-passing secure boot protections.",
  "id": "GHSA-q67r-p3hc-x2w9",
  "modified": "2026-06-26T00:31:58Z",
  "published": "2025-03-03T18:31:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0678"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0678"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2346118"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-02/msg00024.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q695-VC4P-4HJX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 18:30
VLAI
Details

Integer overflow in the UEFI firmware for the Slim Bootloader may allow an escalation of privilege. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable local code execution. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) impacts.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-20753"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T17:16:17Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Integer overflow in the UEFI firmware for the Slim Bootloader may allow an escalation of privilege. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable local code execution. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) impacts.",
  "id": "GHSA-q695-vc4p-4hjx",
  "modified": "2026-05-12T18:30:39Z",
  "published": "2026-05-12T18:30:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20753"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01425.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q6FM-W33X-RJ4M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:03 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:03
VLAI
Details

miniSphere version 5.2.9 and earlier contains a Integer Overflow vulnerability in layer_resize() function in map_engine.c that can result in remote denial of service. This attack appear to be exploitable via the victim must load a specially-crafted map which calls SetLayerSize in its entry script. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 5.0.3, 5.1.5, 5.2.10 and later.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-1000524"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-06-26T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "miniSphere version 5.2.9 and earlier contains a Integer Overflow vulnerability in layer_resize() function in map_engine.c that can result in remote denial of service. This attack appear to be exploitable via the victim must load a specially-crafted map which calls SetLayerSize in its entry script. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 5.0.3, 5.1.5, 5.2.10 and later.",
  "id": "GHSA-q6fm-w33x-rj4m",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:03:58Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:03:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1000524"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fatcerberus/minisphere/pull/268"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fatcerberus/minisphere/commit/252c1ca184cb38e1acb917aa0e451c5f08519996"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q6P7-G6CV-V3PC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:47 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:30
VLAI
Details

Integer Overflow in OpenJPEG v2.4.0 allows remote attackers to crash the application, causing a Denial of Service (DoS). This occurs when the attacker uses the command line option "-ImgDir" on a directory that contains 1048576 files.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-29338"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-14T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Integer Overflow in OpenJPEG v2.4.0 allows remote attackers to crash the application, causing a Denial of Service (DoS). This occurs when the attacker uses the command line option \"-ImgDir\" on a directory that contains 1048576 files.",
  "id": "GHSA-q6p7-g6cv-v3pc",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:30:31Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:47:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29338"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/uclouvain/openjpeg/issues/1338"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/04/msg00006.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00002.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EZ54FGM2IGAP4AWSJ22JKHOPHCR3FGYU"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QB6AI7CWXWMEDZIQY4LQ6DMIEXMDOHUP"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EZ54FGM2IGAP4AWSJ22JKHOPHCR3FGYU"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QB6AI7CWXWMEDZIQY4LQ6DMIEXMDOHUP"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202209-04"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q6RJ-9XXX-4WF2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:52 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:52
VLAI
Details

Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2019.008.20081 and earlier, 2019.008.20080 and earlier, 2019.008.20081 and earlier, 2017.011.30106 and earlier version, 2017.011.30105 and earlier version, 2015.006.30457 and earlier, and 2015.006.30456 and earlier have an integer overflow vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to information disclosure.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-15986"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-01-18T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2019.008.20081 and earlier, 2019.008.20080 and earlier, 2019.008.20081 and earlier, 2017.011.30106 and earlier version, 2017.011.30105 and earlier version, 2015.006.30457 and earlier, and 2015.006.30456 and earlier have an integer overflow vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to information disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-q6rj-9xxx-4wf2",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T00:52:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T00:52:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15986"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb18-41.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106160"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q6RM-RHJ9-JPG5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-24 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-21 15:32
VLAI
Details

Integer overflow in the Libraries component in NSS. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 148 and Firefox ESR < 140.8.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-2781"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-24T14:16:26Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Integer overflow in the Libraries component in NSS. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 148 and Firefox ESR \u003c 140.8.",
  "id": "GHSA-q6rm-rhj9-jpg5",
  "modified": "2026-04-21T15:32:16Z",
  "published": "2026-02-24T15:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2781"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2009552"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/03/msg00012.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-13"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-15"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-16"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-17"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-31"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Requirements

Ensure that all protocols are strictly defined, such that all out-of-bounds behavior can be identified simply, and require strict conformance to the protocol.

Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • If possible, choose a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • Use libraries or frameworks that make it easier to handle numbers without unexpected consequences.
  • Examples include safe integer handling packages such as SafeInt (C++) or IntegerLib (C or C++). [REF-106]
Mitigation MIT-8
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Perform input validation on any numeric input by ensuring that it is within the expected range. Enforce that the input meets both the minimum and maximum requirements for the expected range.
  • Use unsigned integers where possible. This makes it easier to perform validation for integer overflows. When signed integers are required, ensure that the range check includes minimum values as well as maximum values.
Mitigation MIT-36
Implementation
  • Understand the programming language's underlying representation and how it interacts with numeric calculation (CWE-681). Pay close attention to byte size discrepancies, precision, signed/unsigned distinctions, truncation, conversion and casting between types, "not-a-number" calculations, and how the language handles numbers that are too large or too small for its underlying representation. [REF-7]
  • Also be careful to account for 32-bit, 64-bit, and other potential differences that may affect the numeric representation.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-26
Implementation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Examine compiler warnings closely and eliminate problems with potential security implications, such as signed / unsigned mismatch in memory operations, or use of uninitialized variables. Even if the weakness is rarely exploitable, a single failure may lead to the compromise of the entire system.

CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow

This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.