Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-190

Allowed

Integer Overflow or Wraparound

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.

3869 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6FX2-MW65-FCXV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:28 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:28
VLAI
Details

Multiple integer overflows in potrace 1.11 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via large dimensions in a BMP image, which triggers a buffer overflow.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-7437"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-03-29T21:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Multiple integer overflows in potrace 1.11 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via large dimensions in a BMP image, which triggers a buffer overflow.",
  "id": "GHSA-6fx2-mw65-fcxv",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T03:28:33Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T03:28:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-7437"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=778646"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=955808"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2015-11/msg00034.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/02/06/12"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-6G54-R3Q8-8JVQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2025-12-05 15:30
VLAI
Details

NGINX before 1.13.6 has a buffer overflow for years that exceed four digits, as demonstrated by a file with a modification date in 1969 that causes an integer overflow (or a false modification date far in the future), when encountered by the autoindex module.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-20005"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-120",
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-06T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "NGINX before 1.13.6 has a buffer overflow for years that exceed four digits, as demonstrated by a file with a modification date in 1969 that causes an integer overflow (or a false modification date far in the future), when encountered by the autoindex module.",
  "id": "GHSA-6g54-r3q8-8jvq",
  "modified": "2025-12-05T15:30:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:04:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-20005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nginx/nginx/commit/0206ebe76f748bb39d9de4dd4b3fce777fdfdccf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nginx/nginx/commit/b900cc28fcbb4cf5a32ab62f80b59292e1c85b4b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/06/msg00009.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210805-0006"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://trac.nginx.org/nginx/ticket/1368"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://nginx.org/en/CHANGES"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6G6C-GJ4F-M3Q7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:04 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:04
VLAI
Details

The sell function of a smart contract implementation for MyBO, an Ethereum token, has an integer overflow in which "amount * sellPrice" can be zero, consequently reducing a seller's assets.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-13202"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-07-05T02:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The sell function of a smart contract implementation for MyBO, an Ethereum token, has an integer overflow in which \"amount * sellPrice\" can be zero, consequently reducing a seller\u0027s assets.",
  "id": "GHSA-6g6c-gj4f-m3q7",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:04:54Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:04:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13202"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/BlockChainsSecurity/EtherTokens/blob/master/ETHEREUMBLACK/sell%20integer%20overflow.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/BlockChainsSecurity/EtherTokens/tree/master/MyBoToken"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6G74-V723-HRCH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-22 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-22 09:31
VLAI
Details

Integer overflow in buffer size calculation could result in out of bounds memory access when handling large tensors in Samsung Open Source ONE. Affected version is prior to commit 1.30.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-40449"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-22T07:16:13Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Integer overflow in buffer size calculation could result in out of bounds memory access when handling large tensors in Samsung Open Source ONE.\nAffected version is prior to commit  1.30.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-6g74-v723-hrch",
  "modified": "2026-04-22T09:31:31Z",
  "published": "2026-04-22T09:31:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40449"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Samsung/ONE/pull/16481"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6GCQ-2GRW-GH92

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-04 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-13 00:00
VLAI
Details

eCosCentric eCosPro RTOS Versions 2.0.1 through 4.5.3 are vulnerable to integer wraparound in function calloc (an implementation of malloc). The unverified memory assignment can lead to arbitrary memory allocation, resulting in a heap-based buffer overflow.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-27417"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-03T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "eCosCentric eCosPro RTOS Versions 2.0.1 through 4.5.3 are vulnerable to integer wraparound in function calloc (an implementation of malloc). The unverified memory assignment can lead to arbitrary memory allocation, resulting in a heap-based buffer overflow.",
  "id": "GHSA-6gcq-2grw-gh92",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T00:00:55Z",
  "published": "2022-05-04T00:00:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27417"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.ecoscentric.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1002437"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-21-119-04"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6GJX-JMGR-G477

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-07-30 00:00
VLAI
Details

An exploitable integer overflow vulnerability exists within the MPEG-4 decoding functionality of the GPAC Project on Advanced Content library v1.0.1. A specially crafted MPEG-4 input used to process an atom using the “saio” FOURCC code cause an integer overflow due to unchecked arithmetic resulting in a heap-based buffer overflow that causes memory corruption. An attacker can convince a user to open a video to trigger this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-21840"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119",
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-25T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An exploitable integer overflow vulnerability exists within the MPEG-4 decoding functionality of the GPAC Project on Advanced Content library v1.0.1. A specially crafted MPEG-4 input used to process an atom using the \u201csaio\u201d FOURCC code cause an integer overflow due to unchecked arithmetic resulting in a heap-based buffer overflow that causes memory corruption. An attacker can convince a user to open a video to trigger this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-6gjx-jmgr-g477",
  "modified": "2022-07-30T00:00:39Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T22:28:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21840"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2021-1297"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4966"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6GR8-X4XF-H967

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:23 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:23
VLAI
Details

Integer overflow in the GetEXIFProperty function in magick/property.c in ImageMagick before 6.7.6-4 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via a large component count for certain EXIF tags in a JPEG image. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2012-0259.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-1610"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-06-05T22:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Integer overflow in the GetEXIFProperty function in magick/property.c in ImageMagick before 6.7.6-4 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via a large component count for certain EXIF tags in a JPEG image.  NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2012-0259.",
  "id": "GHSA-6gr8-x4xf-h967",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:23:20Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:23:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-1610"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2012-0259"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/74660"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2012-06/msg00001.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/48974"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/49043"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/49317"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/55035"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://ubuntu.com/usn/usn-1435-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2462"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/viewtopic.php?f=4\u0026t=20629"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/04/04/6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/81024"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/52898"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6GR9-RCXW-543P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:03 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:42
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in SPPA-T3000 MS3000 Migration Server (All versions). An attacker with network access to the MS3000 Server can trigger a Denial-of-Service condition by sending specifically crafted packets to port 5010/tcp. This vulnerability is independent from CVE-2019-18290, CVE-2019-18291, CVE-2019-18292, CVE-2019-18294, CVE-2019-18298, CVE-2019-18299, CVE-2019-18300, CVE-2019-18301, CVE-2019-18302, CVE-2019-18303, CVE-2019-18305, CVE-2019-18306, and CVE-2019-18307. Please note that an attacker needs to have network access to the MS3000 in order to exploit this vulnerability. At the time of advisory publication no public exploitation of this security vulnerability was known.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-18304"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-12-12T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SPPA-T3000 MS3000 Migration Server (All versions). An attacker with network access to the MS3000 Server can trigger a Denial-of-Service condition by sending specifically crafted packets to port 5010/tcp. This vulnerability is independent from CVE-2019-18290, CVE-2019-18291, CVE-2019-18292, CVE-2019-18294, CVE-2019-18298, CVE-2019-18299, CVE-2019-18300, CVE-2019-18301, CVE-2019-18302, CVE-2019-18303, CVE-2019-18305, CVE-2019-18306, and CVE-2019-18307. Please note that an attacker needs to have network access to the MS3000 in order to exploit this vulnerability. At the time of advisory publication no public exploitation of this security vulnerability was known.",
  "id": "GHSA-6gr9-rcxw-543p",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:42:55Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:03:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-18304"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-451445.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155665/Siemens-Security-Advisory-SPPA-T3000-Code-Execution.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6GRJ-MXJ6-346G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-03 12:30 – Updated: 2025-03-03 12:30
VLAI
Details

Transient DOS can occur while processing UCI command.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-53025"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-03T11:15:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Transient DOS can occur while processing UCI command.",
  "id": "GHSA-6grj-mxj6-346g",
  "modified": "2025-03-03T12:30:33Z",
  "published": "2025-03-03T12:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53025"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/march-2025-bulletin.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6GV9-8558-PXW7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:03 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:03
VLAI
Details

Integer overflow in the ReadImage function in plug-ins/common/file-gif-load.c in the GIF image format plug-in in GIMP 2.8.x and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted height and len properties in a GIF image file, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-3481"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-08-25T10:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Integer overflow in the ReadImage function in plug-ins/common/file-gif-load.c in the GIF image format plug-in in GIMP 2.8.x and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted height and len properties in a GIF image file, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow.  NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.",
  "id": "GHSA-6gv9-8558-pxw7",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:03:53Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:03:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-3481"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012:1180"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012:1181"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2012-3481"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=776572"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=847303"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2012-08/msg00023.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2012-09/msg00000.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2012-09/msg00043.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1180.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1181.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/50296"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2012:142"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2013:082"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/08/20/8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/55101"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1027411"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1559-1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Requirements

Ensure that all protocols are strictly defined, such that all out-of-bounds behavior can be identified simply, and require strict conformance to the protocol.

Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • If possible, choose a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • Use libraries or frameworks that make it easier to handle numbers without unexpected consequences.
  • Examples include safe integer handling packages such as SafeInt (C++) or IntegerLib (C or C++). [REF-106]
Mitigation MIT-8
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Perform input validation on any numeric input by ensuring that it is within the expected range. Enforce that the input meets both the minimum and maximum requirements for the expected range.
  • Use unsigned integers where possible. This makes it easier to perform validation for integer overflows. When signed integers are required, ensure that the range check includes minimum values as well as maximum values.
Mitigation MIT-36
Implementation
  • Understand the programming language's underlying representation and how it interacts with numeric calculation (CWE-681). Pay close attention to byte size discrepancies, precision, signed/unsigned distinctions, truncation, conversion and casting between types, "not-a-number" calculations, and how the language handles numbers that are too large or too small for its underlying representation. [REF-7]
  • Also be careful to account for 32-bit, 64-bit, and other potential differences that may affect the numeric representation.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-26
Implementation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Examine compiler warnings closely and eliminate problems with potential security implications, such as signed / unsigned mismatch in memory operations, or use of uninitialized variables. Even if the weakness is rarely exploitable, a single failure may lead to the compromise of the entire system.

CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow

This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.